The Myths and Realities of 5G Seizo ONOE CTO and EVP NTT DOCOMO, INC.

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2 The 2nd 5G Tokyo Bay Summit, 27 May 2016 The Myths and Realities of 5G Seizo ONOE CTO and EVP NTT DOCOMO, INC.

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4 History from 1G to 4G and the Next Chronological table Details In early 2000s, there was a concrete 4G technology, 1980s s 3G TDMA Concept Paper by Dr. Kinoshita but no one called it 4G. 2G GSM/ Analogue PDC/ Cellular 1G TDMA ICC 81 and IEEE Trans. VT, Today, there are no contents of 5G, but everyone 1990s 2G talks about 5G. 2010s OFDMA/SCFDMA 100M-1Gbps Experiments Super3G Concept WCDMA 2Mbps Experiments Gbps Experiments at 11GHz 4G No contents Now what? 4G LTE/LTE-Advanced April 8, 2015 Seizo ONOE Copyright 2015 NTT DOCOMO, Inc. All rights reserved 42 2G 3G 3GWCDMA/ CDMA2000 4G 5G No single 2020s representative technology, but 5G WCDMA OFDMA No technology there are several candidate technologies and the combinations of technologies create new technologies and solutions. 6G It s a marketing gimmick after 3G, while technologies were there before 5G Boom: 5G is hype? No Tech 5G Technology 7G

5 The 2nd 5G Tokyo Bay Summit, 27 May 2016 The Myths and Realities of 5G Seizo ONOE CTO and EVP NTT DOCOMO, INC.

6 The Myths and Realities of 5G

7 Myths about 5G 5G is millimeter wave technology. 5G is a hot spot system. 5G needs new 5G spectra. 5G is IMT-2020 defined by ITU. 5G replaces 4G. For 5G, all things need something new. 5G needs significant investment.

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9 Myths about 5G 5G is millimeter wave technology. 5G is a hot spot system. 5G needs new 5G spectra. 5G is IMT-2020 defined by ITU. 5G replaces 4G. For 5G, all things need something new. 5G needs significant investment.

10 Myths about 5G 5G is millimeter wave technology. 5G is a hot spot system. 5G needs new 5G spectra. Existing spectrum 5G is IMT-2020 defined by ITU. A wrong story I don t like 5G replaces 4G. 5G provides Higher data speed and Higher capacity. Broader spectrum bandwidth For 5G, all Higher things frequency spectrum need something new. Larger propagation loss Shorter coverage New spectrum e.g. 3-10GHz e.g GHz e.g. > 30GHz Frequency 5G needs 5G significant is a Hotspot system for complementary investment. use. Let s tackle the challenge of achieving wide coverage as cellular systems even with higher spectrum.

11 Existing spectrum Myths about 5G 5G is millimeter wave technology. 5G is a hot spot system. 5G needs new 5G spectra. 5G is IMT-2020 defined by ITU. 5G replaces 4G. New spectrum e.g. 3-10GHz e.g GHz e.g. > 30GHz Spectra are independent of technology generations. (ITU identifies IMT bands, not 5G bands.) 5G doesn t necessarily need new bands, while new For 5G, all things need something new. spectrum is key to extremely high performance. 5G needs significant investment. 5G uses new bands as well as existing bands with combinations from the beginning (and eventually by refarming).

12 Existing spectrum Myths about 5G 5G is millimeter wave technology. 5G is a hot spot system. 5G needs new 5G spectra. 5G is IMT-2020 defined by ITU. 5G replaces 4G. New spectrum e.g. 3-10GHz e.g GHz e.g. > 30GHz Spectra are independent of technology generations. (ITU identifies IMT bands, not 5G bands.) 5G doesn t necessarily need new bands, while new For 5G, all things need something new. spectrum is key to extremely high performance. 5G needs significant investment. 5G uses new bands as well as existing bands with combinations from the beginning (and eventually by refarming).

13 LTE Spectrum Fragmentation We don t need to cry over the LTE spectrum fragmentation. Let s use the existing bands for LTE and encourage enhancement of multi-band support in devices. US Europe China Hong Kong 3 7 Philippines 1 Korea 5 3 Australia 3 Japan Band # Existing bands for 3G [MHz]

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15 Myths about 5G 5G is millimeter wave technology. 5G 5G is 5G a hot spot system. 5G needs new 4G 5G spectra. 5G is IMT-2020 defined by ITU. 5G replaces 4G. For 5G, all things need something new. It may happen eventually but not in the short term. 5G needs significant investment. 5G will be overlaid over 4G. Some equipment could be upgraded by software.

16 5G is millimeter wave technology. 5G is a hot spot system. 5G needs new 5G spectra. 5G 5G is IMT-2020 defined by ITU. 5G replaces 4G. Myths about 5G 5G People are trying to jump on the 5G bandwagon. For 5G, all things need something new. 5G needs significant investment.

17 Myths about 5G 5G is millimeter wave technology. 5G is a hot spot system. 5G needs new 5G spectra. 5G is IMT-2020 defined by ITU. 5G replaces 4G. For 5G, all things need something new. 5G needs significant investment.

18 Myths about 5G 5G is millimeter wave technology. 5G is a hot spot system. 5G needs new 5G spectra. 5G is IMT-2020 defined by ITU. 5G replaces 4G. Small Cell Macro Cell For 5G, all things need something new. 5G needs significant investment. Small Cell Small Cell

19 Myths about 5G 5G is millimeter wave technology. 5G is a hot spot system. 5G needs new 5G spectra. 4G 5G 5G is IMT-2020 defined by ITU. 5G replaces 4G. For 5G, all things need something new. 5G needs significant investment.

20 Myths about 5G 5G is millimeter wave technology. 5G is a hot spot system. 5G needs new 5G spectra. 5G is IMT-2020 defined by ITU. A vague sense of worry 5G replaces 4G. For 5G, all things need something new. 5G needs significant investment.

21 CAPEX 16,000 R&D Expenses 3G launch 2001 Oct. 1 LTE launch 2010 Dec ,000 Capital Expenditure at DOCOMO Billion 12,000 Yen , , , , ,

22 16,000 3G launch 2001 Oct. 1 LTE launch 2010 Dec. 24 Data Traffic Log scale Capital Expenditure at DOCOMO 14,000 Billion 12,000 Yen , , , , , X 10X 10X 10X X 6300X

23 Myths about 5G 5G is millimeter wave technology. 5G is a hot spot system. 5G needs new 5G spectra. 5G is IMT-2020 defined by ITU. 5G replaces 4G. For 5G, all things need something new. 5G needs significant investment.

24 Myths about 5G 5G is millimeter wave technology. 5G is a hot spot system. 5G needs new 5G spectra. 5G is IMT-2020 defined by ITU. 5G replaces 4G. ITU defines IMT-2020 but it does NOT define 5G For 5G, all things need something new. in the recommendations. 5G needs significant investment.

25 Evolution of Mobile Technology ITU 4G LTE G could be started from IMT-Advanced 5G IMT G+ mmw G ITU LTE IMT-2000 LTE-Advanced IMT-Advanced

26 Myths about 5G 5G is millimeter wave technology. 5G is a hot spot system. 5G needs new 5G spectra. 5G is IMT-2020 defined by ITU. 5G replaces 4G. ITU defines IMT-2020 but it does NOT define 5G For 5G, all things need something new. in the recommendations. 5G needs significant investment. ITU Press Release may cause confusion, like 4G in the past.

27 Dec. 6, 2010 this term (4G), while undefined, may be applied to the forerunners of these technologies, LTE and and to other evolved 3G technologies. 4G Dec. 20, 2010 An operator started to call HSPA+ 4G.

28 Dec. 20, 2010 ITU, officially designates wireless technologies, changed its stance and HSPA+ technology will get a 4G designation Jan. 5, 2011 Another operator started to call HSPA+ 4G.

29 The Myths and Realities of 5G Time Plan Requirements Spectrum Technologies R&D activities Technology Convergence

30 Myths Realities -Time Plan -Requirements -Spectrum -Technologies -R&D activities -Technology Convergence Conclusion Time Plan

31 DOCOMO s Time Plan x Research, Experiments 5GTSA Trial 5G launch Development 5G 5G+ Study Item Rel. 15 Rel. 16 Rel. X IMT-2020 Requirements Proposals Specifications WRC15 WRC19

32 5GTSA 日経新聞

33 Worry about fragmentation due to early deployment of 5G Brooklyn 2016 Panel

34 Numbers of Operators Lesson 1:Launch timing Number of operators G:W-CDMA

35 Numbers of Operators 300 Number of operators LTE 3G:W-CDMA

36 Global Status of LTE Deployment Globally, many operators have launched LTE. DOCOMO launched LTE as one of the leading operators in the world. 日本 Japan AXGP (TD-LTE) 海外 World

37 Numbers of Operators Number of operators G launch 3G 3G:W-CDMA

38 Numbers of Operato Study Item Rel. 99 Number of operators Development 3G Jun.00 Development 300 3G launch Jun G

39 Rel 99 Change Request statistics Numbers of Operato Study Item Rel. 99 Number of operators Development 300 3G 3G launch Development 3G Jun.00 Jun No Backward Compatible 100 Backward Compatible

40 DOCOMO s W-CDMA network system handles connectivity both versions of Rel. 99 protocols, so that DOCOMO can continue to provide 3G services for initial users and global services for new users. The DoCoMo network and handsets to be adopted in May 2001 (at time of service launch) comply with Release 99 specifications. Amendments to Release 99 will continue in 3GPP. NTT DoCoMo will also comply with these future changes, and will update network/handsets accordingly. Jun.00 DoCoMo will provide global roaming services with operators in Europe, etc. (whose 3G services start in 2002). Connectivity testing to take place prior to offering Jun.01 global roaming service. R99 DoCoMo handsets Available in May 2001 DoCoMo From May 2001 Updated in Spring 2002 R99 DoCoMo handsets Available in Spring 2002 March 14, 2001 Carry out testing in both directions to confirm connectivity The front runner should take responsibility for service NW of other operators continuity and in global Europe, etc. deployment avoiding R99 Third party Starting in 2002 handsets Available in 2002 fragmentation. Brooklyn 2016 Panel

41 Myths Realities -Time Plan -Requirements -Spectrum -Technologies -R&D activities -Technology Convergence Conclusion Requirements What is 5G?

42 5G Requirements and Capabilities Enhanced Mobile Broadband IoT Massive machine type communications Ultra-reliable and low latency communications New Business Models and Ecosystem across Industries

43 High performance 4G LTE/LTE-Advanced G Mobile Broadband Enhanced Mobile Broadband IoT Low power 5G-IoT NB-IoT Cat.M Cat.0 Cat.1 4G LTE

44 High performance 4G LTE/LTE-Advanced G Mobile Broadband Enhanced Mobile Broadband IoT Low power 4G LTE Cat.M Cat.0 Cat.1 NB-IoT 5G-IoT

45 High performance 4G LTE/LTE-Advanced G Mobile Broadband Enhanced Mobile Broadband IoT Low power 4G LTE Cat.M Cat.0 Cat.1 NB-IoT 5G-IoT

46 Myths Realities -Time Plan -Requirements -Spectrum -Technologies -R&D activities -Technology Convergence Conclusion 5G Technology

47 Existing spectrum New spectrum e.g. 3-10GHz e.g GHz e.g. > 30GHz A wrong story I don t like Frequency 5G provides Higher data speed and Higher capacity. Broader spectrum bandwidth Higher frequency spectrum Larger propagation loss Shorter coverage 5G is a Hotspot system for complementary use. Let s tackle the challenge of achieving wide coverage as cellular systems even with higher spectrum.

48 Massive MIMO and Macro/Small-cell NOMA Massive MIMO is about increasing the number of antennas. 蛮力力業 Brute force? Small cell Macro cell an excellent feature The combination of Massive MIMO and Advanced C-RAN Enhancement (Phantom cell) will provide adequate cell coverage even with higher frequency bands. April 21, 2016 Seizo ONOE Copyright 2016 NTT DOCOMO, Inc. All rights reserved 48

49 April 21, 2016 Seizo ONOE Copyright 2016 NTT DOCOMO, Inc. All rights reserved 49 Massive MIMO: Coverage Extension NOMA 3.5GHz 10GHz 20GHz 30GHz Tx power 33 dbm 0m 139m 85m 64m Antenna 300m 600m 900m 1200m 294m 4x4 626m 7x7 850m 14x m 10x10 490m 20x20 716m 39x m 20x20 438m 39x39 630m 77x77 913m 29x29 402m 58x58 587m 115x m 20 cm 40 cm : : : : 80 cm

50 Massive MIMO and Advanced C-RAN (Phantom cell) NOMA Massive MIMO is about increasing the number of antennas. 蛮力力業 Brute force The implementation technology is key. Feat of strength Small cell? Macro cell an excellent feature The combination of Massive MIMO and Advanced C-RAN Enhancement (Phantom cell) will provide adequate cell coverage even with higher frequency bands. April 21, 2016 Seizo ONOE Copyright 2016 NTT DOCOMO, Inc. All rights reserved 50

51 Massive-MIMO and Advanced C-RAN (Phantom cell) Dresden, Germany Semi-macro Cell Macro Cell Semi-macro Cell Semi-macro Cell Google

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53 Myths Realities -Time Plan -Requirements -Spectrum -Technologies -R&D activities -Technology Convergence Conclusion 5G R&D Activities

54 5G Experimental Trials in DOCOMO with World-leading Vendors UHF bands Ex. 800MHz, 2GHz Low SHF bands 3-6GHz High SHF bands 6-30GHz EHF bands > 30GHz Frequency

55 Ultra 70GHz band Beam Tracking for Mobility G7 ICT Ministers Meeting

56 May 24, 2016 DOCOMO and Nokia Achieves World s First Real Time 8K Video Transmission Using 5G Radio Access Technology TOKYO, JAPAN, May 24, 2016 NTT DOCOMO, INC. announced today that it has achieved the world s first wireless real-time transmission of 8K video deploying radio access technology for 5G mobile communications systems, in a trial jointly conducted with Nokia on May 19. 8K Display Base Station 8K Real-time Encoder 8K Decoder Mobile Station

57 BS ant. MS #2 BS ant. MS # m 9 m MS #1 MS #1 Multi-User 15GHz band (Outdoor) (Indoor) 10 Gbps user throughput 20 Gbps cell throughput

58 Myths Realities -Time Plan -Requirements -Spectrum -Technologies -R&D activities -Technology Convergence Conclusion Conclusion

59 Conclusion 5G is a boom, creating some myths about 5G. 5G should not end up with hype. Instead, 5G should become realities of technology and capability in 2020 and beyond.

60 The new of today, the norm of tomorrow