CDMA IP. FMC WiMAX LTE L2TP Billing Policy DPI SPIRENT TEST SCENARIOS LANDSLIDE.

Transcription

1 IPSec AAA Mobile CDMA GPRS UMTS IMS IP 2000 FMC WiMAX LTE L2TP Billing Policy DPI SPIRENT TEST SCENARIOS

2 Spirent Communications: Sharing Industry Expertise Advancing Next-Generation Communication At Spirent Communications, we work behind the scenes to help the world communicate faster, better and more often. The world s leading communications companies use Spirent s lab test solutions to evaluate performance of the latest technologies. As new communication services and applications are introduced in the market, Spirent provides tools for service management and field test to improve troubleshooting and quality. Spirent also enables large companies and governments to secure and manage their networks. From wireline to wireless to satellite, Spirent offers a complete portfolio of solutions to enhance customer Quality of Experience. Industry Experts We pride ourselves on being experts on next-generation communication networks, devices and applications. Our engineers provide valuable counsel to many of the leading communication standards organizations. We pioneered testing of Ethernet networks, IP Telephony and VoIP, VPNs, Triple Play, CDMA applications and Location Based Services. Our areas of expertise include: Mobile packet core testing Broadband ing: DSL, Gigabit Ethernet and IP Convergence: VoIP, IP VPNs, IPTV Next-Generation Internet: IPv6 Wireless: CDMA, UMTS, Location Based Services Enterprise s: load testing, system performance, network security Satellite Navigation: GPS, GLONASS, Galileo Advanced Test Programs Spirent s Advanced Test Programs provide world-renown expertise for testing next-generation networks, products and services. Spirent provides the equipment, training and test methodology to help many of the leading technology labs and forums evaluate the performance of emerging technologies. Spirent Communications Plc Spirent Communications plc is a leading communications technology company focused on delivering innovative systems and services to meet the needs of customers worldwide. We are a global provider of performance analysis and service assurance solutions that enable the development and deployment of nextgeneration networking technologies such as broadband services, Internet telephony, wireless and web applications and security testing. The Systems group develops power control systems for specialist electrical vehicles in the mobility and industrial markets. Spirent Communications plc Ordinary shares are traded on the London Stock Exchange (ticker: SPT). The Company operates a Level 1 American Depositary Receipt ( ADR ) programme with each ADR representing four Spirent Communications plc Ordinary shares. The ADRs traded in the US over-the- counter ( OTC ) market under the symbol SPMYY and the CUSIP number is 84856M209. Spirent ADRs are quoted on the Pink OTC Markets electronic quotation service which can be found at 2

3 What Is? is a mobile packet core network capacity and load assessment system. Its flexible architecture is capable of testing the control plane, as well as the user or data plane. is implemented as a client-server architecture with a manager controlling up to 32 Test Servers. Under this scheme, the user accesses the Manager via a standard web browser or through a Tcl-base API. The manager hosts the graphical user interface, test libraries and results files. The manager s GUI provides a means for the user to create test scenarios, define parameters and view results. The test server, or servers, execute the test scenarios, communicate with device(s) under test, take measurements and relay results to the manager. emulates millions of mobile subscribers and thousands of packet core network elements. Using access technologies, from GPRS to LTE, provides nodal test scenarios, in which a network element is isolated for testing, as well as end-to-end scenarios in which the entire core is stressed. is capable of emulating most key wireless core packet data network elements while combining control plane and data plane simulation. This industry standards-based simulation provides real-world testing with millions of emulated mobile nodes, all in various stages of activation, deactivation, and handover. All test scenarios can run in a lab environment utilizing different wireless access technologies. Industry Standard: is the choice of major Operators and NEMs world-wide for mobile packet network testing Unmatched Performance & Scalability: systems grow with the customer s needs simulating mobile communities ranging from small towns to major cities Real-World Simulation: simultaneously tests both the control and data planes and supports highly realistic traffic models Extensive Reporting: s straightforward interface and extensive reporting enable thorough, accurate and repeatable analysis 3

4 Why? For service providers and network operators, provides: A test solution that ensures selected vendor devices can meet your network load and performance requirements A solution to validate manufacturer performance claims Lab-based network traffic emulation capabilities required for pre-deployment testing of various vendor equipment Consistent, comparable statistics provide objective comparison of each tested vendor The capability to consistently and repeatedly qualify new vendor releases prior to deployment Sharable test configurations expedite problem identification and resolution For network equipment manufacturers, provides: A test solution that qualifies device load and performance capacities under varying network conditions Real-world access models provide the capability to emulate different types of network control and data plane traffic flows The capability to quickly perform regression tests when new software is available Unmatched Scalability Depending on the application, a single test server can emulate up to 800,000* mobile subscribers. A fully configured test bed can emulate over 25 million* mobile subscribers allowing the user to simulate subscriber loads ranging from a small rural town to the largest metropolitan city. By generating a large volume of control and data traffic, the DUT can be stressed to ensure performance under load. * with performance accelerator real-world emulation not only emulates millions of mobile subscribers, it also simulates complex traffic models using capacity, session loading, and mobility test activities - each with the option of adding data flows. This allows equipment vendors to accurately specify the performance characteristics of their equipment under realworld conditions. Single Platform Solution All applications and features run on the same platform. In addition to access technologies, such as UMTS, GPRS, WiMAX and LTE, emulation of supporting elements, such as AAA servers, DHCP servers, network hosts, etc., is provided by the same platform - thus reducing the need to expend resources on multiple types of network equipment. Robust User Interface provides a simple to use graphical user interface that features network diagrams, pull-down menus, input validation and test case management. Tests can easily be created and executed from the GUI. The GUI also provides a means for viewing test reports and measurements. For more automated lab environments, supports a Tcl interface that allows the user to control and monitor from a higher level management system. This makes it possible to define, execute and compile specific test reports for both the emulation () and the Device Under Test. 4

5 Components Manager Serves GUI and Tcl clients, manages test configurations and libraries Downloads test information to test servers Receives reports from test servers; formats results for display Controls up to 32 test servers Supports up to 48 simultaneous users Test Server High Capacity appliance Executes tests, connects to DUT(s), reports results to manager Multi-user up to 3 users may execute test sessions simultaneously 10/100/1000 Base-T or 1000 Base-SFP, maximum 12 ports 10G XFP, maximum 3 ports Features AAA Diameter Server emulation AAA Radius Server emulation CGF Server emulation Diameter Credit Control (DCCA) Server emulation DHCP Server emulation GGSN G-CDR validation GGSN emulation IMS Security Test IPSec L2TP Server emulation L2TP Secure Server emulation PCRF Node emulation SGSN S-CDR validation WiFi Convergence WiMAX Forum Vendor Variants Home Agent Emulation Enhanced L4-L7 Protocols Data Accelerator Performance Accelerator Test Applications AAA Diameter Test Application AAA RADIUS Test Application ASN Gateway Test Application CSN Test Application CDMA2000 Test Application PCF Test Application Diameter Credit Control (DCCA) Test Application GPRS Test Application UMTS Test Application IP Data Test Application L2TP VPN Gateway Test Application LTE MME Test Application LTE Gateway Test Application Mobile IP Test Application PCRF Test Application Fixed Mobile Convergence PDG and PDIF 5

6 Spirent test scenarios WiMAX TEST APPLICATION provides two WiMAX test applications, one each for ASN-GW performance testing and CSN performance testing. These applications provide scalability and performance test capabilities for stand-alone ASN-GW, stand-alone CSN or combined ASN-GW/CSN network. The WiMAX ASN-GW Test Application provides nodal and end-to-end testing of an ANS-GW. In the end-to-end test configuration, emulates the mobile subscribers and BS accessing the WiMAX network, as well as the Internet or network host to which the subscribers are connected. In the ASN-GW Nodal test configuration, emulates the BS, mobile subscribers and the CSN to isolate the ASN-GW for control plane and data plane performance validation and benchmarking. The WiMAX CSN Test Application provides testing of a CSN. In the CSN Nodal test configuration, emulates the ASN-GW, BS, mobile subscribers, as well as the Internet or network host to which the subscribers are connected, thus isolating the CSN for control plane and data plane performance validation and benchmarking. ASN Nodal Testing CSN Nodal Testing R2 AAA Server R2 AAA Server R1 R1 MSS MSS Access R1 BS R6 R2 ASN Gateway R3 CSN Packet Data Host Access R1 BS R6 R2 ASN Gateway R3 CSN Packet Data Host MSS MSS HA HA End-to-End Testing R2 AAA Server R1 MSS Access R1 BS R6 R2 ASN Gateway R3 CSN Packet Data Host MSS HA 6

7 control plane Test Maximum number of simultaneous activated sessions Maximum session activation/deactivation rate Maximum handover rate Intra-ASN GW handoff data plane Test Maximum data packet rate Maximum data rate in bits per second Packet Latency, one-way and round-trip Packet Loss Inter-ASN GW handoff features and options R3 and R6: WiMAX Forum and vendor variant support EAP (Single EAP and Double EAP): SIM, AKA, GTC, MD5, MSCHAPv2, TLS, TTLS Paging Location Update Idle Mode Entry/Exit Up to 32 uplink service flows and 32 downlink service flows per mobile subscriber Proxy-MIP, Client MIP, Simple IP Profiles A and C DHCP client RADIUS and DIAMETER support DHCP server emulation AAA server emulation IPSec between BS and ASN GW or between MS and network host MIP Revocation Data Flows: basic and advanced/stateful Test Server Specifications Up to 200,000* emulated mobile subscribers Up to 2,000* emulated base stations (with unique IP address) Activation/deactivation rates up to 2,000/sec* * with performance accelerator reports and measurements provides an extensive assortment of WiMAX test application measurements and counters including, but not limited to, individual message counters for the R6 layer. By using the counters, a user can determine what is occurring in the network. For example, you might see that is sending WiMAX pre-attachment requests but not receiving a response from the ASN-GW. The WiMAX applications provide individual counters for all of the WiMAX messages involved in call establishment, handoff and tear down. Other measurements include: Connect Rates: Attempted and Actual Disconnect Rates: Attempted and Actual Average Session Connect/Disconnect Time Number of Sessions Established/Pending Handoffs: Attempts, Successes, Failures WiMAX Forum Message Counters Data Flow Counters/Measurements 7

8 Spirent test scenarios lte TEST APPLICATION provides two LTE test applications, one for MME performance testing and one for gateway (SGW, PDN-GW) performance testing. These applications provide a comprehensive end-to-end test system that emulates millions of mobile data subscribers simultaneously accessing the LTE packet core network. The LTE MME Test Application provides MME testing in both an end-to-end configuration and a nodal configuration. In the end-to-end test configuration emulates the mobile subscribers and enodeb accessing the LTE network, as well as the Internet or network host on the SGi interface to which the subscribers are connected. In the MME Nodal test configuration, emulates the enodeb, mobile subscribers and the Serving Gateway to isolate the Mobility Management Entity for control plane performance validation and benchmarking. The LTE Gateway Test Application provides testing of Serving Gateways and PDN Gateways. In the SGW Nodal test configuration, emulates the MME, enodeb, mobile subscribers and the PDN Gateway to isolate the Serving Gateway for control plane performance validation and benchmarking. Additionally, in this test configuration, can emulate 3GPP access (RNC and SGSN) into the LTE SGW. In the PDN-GW Nodal test configuration, emulates the SGW, MME, enodeb and mobile subscribers to isolate the PDN Gateway for control plane performance validation and benchmarking. MME Nodal End-to-End UEs HSS UEs HSS PCRF S1-MME MME enb S1-MME MME S11 Serving GW enb S1u SGi Serving GW PDN-GW NH (Internet) SGW Nodal PDN-GW Nodal PCRF UEs Gxc UEs PDN-GW PCRF PDN-GW Gx enb S1u S11 SGW S5/S8 enb S5/S8 SGi MME NH (Internet) MME Serving GW NH (Internet) 8

9 control plane Test Maximum number of simultaneous activated sessions Maximum session activation/deactivation rate Intra- and Inter- MME Mobility RNC Handoff data plane Test Maximum data packet rate Maximum data rate in bits per second Packet Latency, one-way and round-trip Packet Loss features and options Support of: S11, S1-MME, S5/S8, S1-U and SGi Configurable values for parameters of the various layers (NAS, S1-AP, SCTP, GTPv2, GTP) GTPv2 or PMIP (for S5/S8) Emulated SGSN interface to SGW via Gn Multiple APNs IPSec Data Flows: basic and advanced/stateful Test Server Specifications Up to 200,000* emulated mobile subscribers Up to 2,000* emulated enbs Up to 11 bearers per mobile subscriber Activation/deactivation rates up to 2,000/sec* * with performance accelerator reports and measurements provides an extensive assortment of measurements and counters for the LTE test applications including, but not limited to, individual message counters for the various protocols involved (i.e. S1AP, S5, etc). By using the counters, a user can determine what is occurring in the network. For example, you might see that is sending NAS Attach requests but receiving NAS Attach Reject responses from the MME. The LTE applications provide individual counters for all of the LTE messages involved in call establishment, handoff and tear down. Other measurements include: Connect Rates: Attempted and Actual Disconnect Rates: Attempted and Actual Average Session Connect/Disconnect Time Number of Sessions Established/Pending Handoffs: Attempts, Successes, Failures LTE counters: S1AP, NAS, S5, S11, GTP Data Flow Counters/Measurements 9

10 Spirent test scenarios gprs TEST APPLICATION The General Packet Radio Services (GPRS) performance test application simulates realworld control and user plane traffic models for GPRS core packet data networks. It allows GGSN equipment vendors to accurately specify the performance characteristics of their equipment under the real-world conditions experienced in their customers networks. It also allows service providers to measure the performance of their GPRS networks and to validate new features and services in the lab. By simulating real users with real applications, the GPRS gives the service provider peace of mind in knowing that the transition from the evaluation lab to the live network will be smooth and free of performance problems. DHCP Server AAA Server MN DHCP RADIUS Radio SGSN GTP-C PPP/GTP-U or IP/GTP-U GGSN IP Host Packet Data 10

11 control plane Test Maximum number of simultaneous activated sessions Maximum session activation/deactivation rate Inter-SGSN Handoff QoS Updates data plane Test Maximum data packet rate Maximum data rate in bits per second Packet Latency, one-way and round-trip Packet Loss features and options Gn: GTP, PPPoGTP, IPv4, IPv6 L2TP VPN GGSN G-CDR Validation DHCP Client GTPv0 and GTPv1 APN DNS Lookup Direct Tunnel IPSec Support for proprietary extensions in GTP messages Data Flows: basic and advanced/stateful Multiple contexts per MN (primary and secondaries) Multiple APNs Test Server Specifications Up to 800,000* emulated mobile subscribers/contexts Up to 11 contexts (primary + secondaries) per mobile subscriber Up to 2,000* emulated SGSNs Activation/deactivation rates up to 4,000/sec* * with performance accelerator reports and measurements provides an extensive assortment of measurements and counters for the GPRS test application including, but not limited to, individual message counters for the various signaling options used (GTP, PPP, L2TP, etc). By using the counters a user can determine what is occurring in the network. For example, you might see that some context create messages sent by were answered with a No Resources indication from the GGSN. For the GPRS application there is a counter for all of the GTP messages involved in call establishment, handoff and tear down. Other measurements include: Connect Rates: Attempted and Actual Disconnect Rates: Attempted and Actual Average Session Connect/Disconnect Time Number of Sessions Established/Pending Handoffs: Attempts, Successes, Failures GTP Counters/Measurements PPP counters DHCP counters L2TP counters Data Flow Counters/Measurements 11

12 Spirent test scenarios umts TEST APPLICATION The UMTS application provides the same Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) test capabilities as the GPRS Performance Test Application. In addition, UMTS supports the Iu-PS interface and, optionally, the Gb interface for testing the Support GPRS Serving Node (SGSN) or testing in an end-to-end configuration where the SGSN and GGSN are combined. It is a comprehensive end-to-end test system that emulates millions of mobile data subscribers; all accessing the wireless network simultaneously via various access models. The UMTS allows SGSN and GGSN equipment vendors to accurately specify the performance characteristics of their equipment under the real-world conditions experienced in their customers networks. It also allows service providers to measure the performance of their UMTS networks and to validate new features and services in the lab. By simulating real users with real applications, the UMTS helps ensure that the transition from the evaluation lab to the live network will be smooth and free of performance problems. SGSN Testing DHCP Server AAA Server Radio Controller (RNC) 3G-SGSN lu-ps Gn Gi MN UTRAN Gn Ga GGSN Host Base Station System (BSS) Gb 2G-SGSN Ga CGF Packet Data Ga MN GERAN Core - Packet-Switched IP End-to-End Testing DHCP Server AAA Server Radio Controller (RNC) 3G-SGSN lu-ps Gn Gi MN UTRAN Gn Ga GGSN Host Base Station System (BSS) Gb 2G-SGSN Ga CGF Packet Data Ga MN GERAN Core - Packet-Switched IP 12

13 control plane Test Maximum number of simultaneous activated sessions Maximum session activation/deactivation rate Inter-RNC Handoff Inter technology handoff data plane Test Maximum data packet rate Maximum data rate in bits per second Packet Latency, one-way and round-trip Packet Loss QoS Updates features and options Direct Tunnel Separate PDP context control from GMM Attach Multiple contexts per MN (primary and secondaries) Release 4, 6 and 7 support Multiple APNs Configurable values for parameters of the various layers (SM, GMM, RANAP, SCCP, MTP-3B, QSAAL) Stand-alone GGSN Emulation IPSec Data Flows: basic and advanced/stateful Test Server Specifications Up to 300,000* emulated mobile subscribers Up to 2,000* emulated base stations (with unique IP address) Activation/deactivation rates up to 2,000/sec* * with performance accelerator reports and measurements provides an extensive assortment of measurements and counters for the UMTS test application including, but not limited to, individual message counters for the various UMTS layers (i.e. RANAP, GMM, SM, etc). By using the counters a user can determine what is occurring in the network. For example, you might see that all GMM Attach Requests sent by are being accepted by the SGSN. For the UMTS applications there is a counter for all of the UMTS messages involved in call establishment, handoff and tear down. Other measurements include: Connect Rates: Attempted and Actual Disconnect Rates: Attempted and Actual Average Session Connect/Disconnect Time Number of Sessions Established/Pending Handoffs: Attempts, Successes, Failures UMTS counters: SM, GMM, RANAP, SCCP, M3UA, plus many more Data Flow Counters/Measurements 13

14 Spirent test scenarios CDMA2000 Test Application The CDMA Test Application provides a comprehensive end-to-end CDMA test system that can emulate millions of mobile data subscribers, all simultaneously accessing the wireless network via various access models. The CDMA2000 Test Application provides comprehensive nodal and end-to-end test capabilities for Packet Data Servicing Nodes supporting the Open Radio Packet (RP) protocol. elements can be tested in a variety of configurations using Simple IP or Mobile IP access models. The test cases provided allow testing of PDSN, PDSN-FA or HA in stand-alone (nodal) configuration. One or more PDSN-FAs can be tested with a primary and secondary HA in an end-to-end configuration. The CDMA-PCF Test Application provides a PCF test solution by emulating the A8/A9 interface. MIP signaling is done over the A8/ A9 interface to provide a PCF end-to-end testing scenario. By emulating all of the key wireless core packet data network components including the Home Agent, the Foreign Agent, AAA servers with IP address allocation capability, DHCP servers, Internet hosts, PCFs and mobile subscribers and combining control plane and data plane simulation, the CDMA test applications provide real-world emulation of mobile nodes in various stages of activation, deactivation and hand off between cells. Simple IP AAA Server Radius PPP PPP/RP MN Radio PDSN IP Host IP PCF Testing Mobile IP End-to-End Testing BS(s) A8/A9 PCF Visited AAA Server Radius Home AAA Server Radius MIP HA IP Host MN(s) PDSN FA MN Radio PPP/RP PDSN-FA IP/IP or IP/GRE IP IP Mobile IP FA Nodal Testing Host PDSN HA Visited AAA Server Radius MIP Radius HA Home AAA Server IP Host MN Radio PPP/RP PDSN-FA IP/IP or IP/GRE IP IP Mobile IP HA Nodal Testing Visited AAA Server Radius Home AAA Server Radius MIP HA IP Host MN Radio PPP/RP PDSN-FA IP/IP or IP/GRE IP IP 14

15 control plane Test Maximum number of simultaneous activated sessions Maximum session activation/deactivation rate Intra- and Inter- PDSN Handoff MIP Revocation data plane Test Maximum data packet rate Maximum data rate in bits per second Packet Latency, one-way and round-trip Packet Loss features and options MIPv4 MIPv6 RP PPP/PPPoE A8/A9 Up to 6 Auxiliary Service Instances per mobile subscriber IPSec Data Flows: basic and advanced/stateful PCF Node, FA Node and HA Node emulation Test Server Specifications Up to 400,000* emulated mobile subscribers CDMA FA/PDSN testing Up to 800,000* emulated mobile subscribers CDMA HA testing Up to 2,000* emulated PCFs, 2,000* emulated FAs, 2,000* emulated HAs Activation/deactivation rates up to 2,000/sec* CDMA FA/PDSN testing Activation/deactivation rates up to 8,000/sec* CDMA HA testing * with performance accelerator reports and measurements provides an extensive assortment of measurements and counters for the CDMA test applications including, but not limited to, individual message counters for the various protocols. By using the counters a user can determine what is occurring in the network. For example, you might see that is attempting PAP Authorizations but failing. For the CDMA applications counters are provided for all CDMA messages involved in call establishment, handoff and tear down. Other measurements include: Connect Rates: Attempted and Actual Disconnect Rates: Attempted and Actual Average Session Connect/Disconnect Time Number of Sessions Established/Pending Handoffs: Attempts, Successes, Failures CDMA counters: Open RP, PPP, MIP Data Flow Counters/Measurements 15

16 Spirent test scenarios IP Data Test Application The IP Data Test Application performs lab tests to measure the performance and accuracy of network applications, packet inspection devices and billing systems. The IP Data application allows the use of advanced data types directly over an Ethernet interface. This allows the testing of packet inspection devices, content-based billing systems or application servers in a stand-alone mode. In addition to being used as a stand-alone application, the IP Data Test Application can be used with any of Spirent s wireless packet data test applications for, such as UMTS, GPRS, CDMA or Mobility. It allows modeling of the customer experience when accessing these applications. The IP Data test application supports all of the key data applications found in today s 3G networks. Furthermore, the user can create custom messages and message sequences with the easy-to-use data flow editing function. IP Data Testing SUTs IP Host Security Gateway Testing MN SUTs Security Gateway Host Mobile Private IP Sec IP 16

17 control plane Test When used in combination with a wireless packet data test application (e.g. UMTS, GGSN, CDMA, etc.) the control plane testing is combined with data When used as a stand-alone application only the data plane is tested; however, signaling to a AAA server, for address allocation or authentication, is an available option data plane Test Maximum data packet rate Maximum data rate in bits per second Packet Latency, one-way and round-trip Packet Loss features and options AAA NAS emulation (when AAA application is also purchased) DHCP Relay Agent emulation Data Flows: basic and advanced/stateful Message Flow Builder IPSec Test Server Specifications Up to 800,000* end points Up to 1,000 emulated AAA NASs Activation/deactivation rates up to 2,000/sec* * with performance accelerator reports and measurements provides an extensive assortment of measurements and counters for the IP Data Test application. Measurements include packets and bits per second, latency, packet loss, transaction counts, command messages sent, command messages received and command messages out of order among many others. If IPSec is used a full set of IPSec measurements and counters is also provided. 17

18 Spirent test scenarios AAA Test Application The AAA Performance Test Application is the only high performance test tool that simulates a AAA client using either the RADIUS protocol or DIAMETER protocol for 3GPP, 3GPP2 and WiMAX networks. The AAA provides a comprehensive test system that emulates a Access Server (NAS e.g. GGSN, PDSN-FA, HA or ASN-GW) interacting with a AAA server for authentication, authorization and accounting functions. By emulating the key NAS AAA client functions, AAA provides real-world emulation of millions of authorization and accounting transactions. AAA also supports Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) to provide support for additional authentication methods. Currently supported EAP methods include: MD5, GTC, AKA, SIM, MSCHAPV2 and TLS. EAP allows for the easy addition of authentication methods as required. Additionally, AAA can be combined with the IP Data Application to run any of the supported advanced data types directly over IP for cases where IP address allocation from a AAA server is desirable. This combination of applications can also be used for testing a AAA proxy device. AAA Server Testing Primary and Secondary Authentication Servers IP MN Radio NAS Primary and Secondary Accounting Servers AAA Server Emulation Primary and Secondary Authentication Servers IP MN Radio NAS Primary and Secondary Accounting Servers 18

19 control plane Test Maximum number of simultaneous activated sessions Maximum session activation/deactivation rate data plane Test When used as a stand-alone application there is no data plane When used in combination with the IP Data test application, the control plane testing is combined with data and the full set of data features is available features and options DIAMETER and RADIUS protocols supported CHAP, PAP, EAP, DIGEST authentication EAP: MD5, GTC, SIM, AKA, MSCHAPv2, TLS/TTLS CoA Dedicated or round robin (up to 10) AAA servers Configurable vendor specific attributes (including proprietary definitions) IPSec (only available for DIAMETER) Server Emulation DIAMETER Applications: NAS Base Accounting EAP WiMAX MIPv4 Wm Test Server Specifications Up to 800,000* emulated subscribers Up to 2,000* emulated NASs Activation/deactivation rates up to 3,000/sec* * with performance accelerator reports and measurements provides an extensive assortment of measurements and counters for the AAA test applications including, but not limited to, individual message counters for the various messages involved (i.e. Access Requests, Accounting Requests, etc.). By using the counters a user can determine what is occurring in the network. For example, you might see that is sending RADIUS Access requests but receiving RADIUS Access Reject responses from the server. Other measurements include: Connect Rates: Attempted and Actual Disconnect Rates: Attempted and Actual Average Session Connect/Disconnect Time Number of Sessions Established/Pending Handoffs: Attempts, Successes, Failures Data Flow Counters/Measurements 19

20 Spirent test scenarios Mobile IP test Application The Mobile IP (MIPv6) Test Application is the only mobility test tool that simulates realworld traffic models for Mobility over IPv4 and Mobility over IPv6. The MIPv6 test application provides a comprehensive end-to-end test system that is compliant with RFC 3775 for Mobility signaling over IPv6, as well as supporting RFCs 2002 and 3344 for Mobility signaling over IPv4. In the HA nodal test configuration the MIP emulates the Mobile Nodes and the Correspondent Nodes. This configuration is used to test the Home Agent (HA) as the system under test. The HA Nodal test cases test an HA s ability to process MN registrations and mobility events and to handle bearer plane traffic destined for a roaming MN. The options available in the test case allow test configurations that simulate various access models such as: Basic Mobile IP, Reverse Tunnel, VPN and -Based VPN. Both Mobility IPv4 and Mobility IPv6 are supported. For MIPv6 Prefix Solicitation, Home Agent Discovery and Route Optimization are supported. In the CN nodal test configuration, the MIPv6 emulates the Mobile Nodes and the Home Agent. This configuration is used to test the Correspondent Node (CN) as the system under test. In the IPv6 CN Nodal test case, the test system simulates the MNs and simulates the routing functionality of an HA. When the MN is attached to a foreign link, the HA node relays the data traffic between the MNs and the CN SUT. Route Optimization is normally included when testing a CN, which requires that Data Traffic be included in the test. MIP CN Nodal Test Configuration MIP HA Nodal Test Configuration MN MIP CN (SUT) MN MIP HA (SUT) Home Home HA Foreign MN Foreign ROUTING EMULATOR Router (foreign subnet) CN Foreign MN Foreign ROUTING EMULATOR Router (foreign subnet) MN MN 20

21 control plane Test Maximum number of simultaneous activated sessions Maximum session activation/deactivation rate Average Connect/Disconnect times Min/Max setup time data plane Test Maximum data packet rate Maximum data rate in bits per second Packet Latency, one-way and round-trip Packet Loss Min/Max tear-down time features and options MIPv4 and MIPv6 Co-Located Care of Address support Agent Discovery Prefix Solicitation Dynamic HA Proprietary Extensions IPSec Data Flows: basic and advanced/stateful Test Server Specifications Up to 800,000* emulated mobile subscribers Up to 2,000* emulated HAs and FAs Activation/deactivation rates up to 8,000/sec* (IPv4 HA testing) Activation/deactivation rates up to 2,000/sec* (IPv6 HA, FA, CN testing) * with performance accelerator reports and measurements provides an extensive assortment of measurements and counters for the MIPv6 test applications including, but not limited to, individual message counters for the Mobile IP Protocol. By using the counters a user can determine what is occurring in the network. For example, you might see that is sending an RRQ request and receiving RRP responses from the MME indicating FA-MN authorization failures. For the MIPv6 applications there is a counter for all of the MIP messages involved in call establishment, handoff and tear down. Other measurements include: Connect Rates: Attempted and Actual Disconnect Rates: Attempted and Actual Average Session Connect/Disconnect Time Number of Sessions Established/Pending Handoffs: Attempts, Successes, Failures MIP counters, including errors received Data Flow Counters/Measurements 21

22 Spirent test scenarios PCRF Test Application Next-generation networks such as 3G, WiMAX and Femtocell combined with FMC/IMS-enabled services (PTT, VoIP, VoD, and IPTV) promise a transition to a world of differentiated IP services. These IP services unite voice, video and data into a seamless offering delivered across any access medium with assured quality to an increasingly mobile subscriber base. More emphasis is being placed on bearer control and service data flows. Access gateways (AGW) and application functions (AF) now interface with a Policy Charging and Rules Function (PCRF) that determines policy and charging rules. Although defined slightly differently in their associated standards, both the 3GPP and 3GPP2 organizations have implemented a policy decision function and associated reference points. 3GPP2 defines the reference points as Tx and Ty while 3GPP named them Gx and Rx. The PCRF Test Application provides support for any combination of all 4 reference points. In a PCRF nodal configuration, can emulate the AGW and AF such that a PCRF can be tested in isolation. With the PCRF node emulation capability, the user can emulate the PCRF and thus provide a configuration in which an AGW and AF can be tested. Additionally, the PCRF test application supports the Gxc interface for an LTE environment and the PCC-R3 interface for WiMAX environments. PCRF Testing PCRF Ty/Gx/ Gxx/PCC-R3 Tx/Rx AF PCRF Emulation AGW/PDF Ty/Gx/R3 Gxx BBERF PCRF Tx/Rx PCC-R3 AF ASN GW 22

23 control plane Test Maximum number of simultaneous activated sessions data plane Test Not applicable to the PCRF test application Maximum session activation/deactivation rate features and options Support of: Tx, Ty, Gx, Rx, PCC-R3 and Gxc Both RADIUS and DIAMETER for Ty Emulate Access Gateway, Application Function or both within same test Test Server Specifications Up to 400,000* emulated simultaneous sessions Up to 2,000* emulated AGs and AFs Activation/deactivation rates up to 2,000/sec* * with performance accelerator reports and measurements provides an extensive assortment of measurements and counters for the PCRF test application including, but not limited to, individual message counters for the various protocols involved (i.e. Rx, Tx, Ty, etc.). By using the counters a user can determine what is occurring in the network. For example, you might see that is sending AA Requests and receiving AA Answers from the PCRF. Other measurements include: Connect Rates: Attempted and Actual Disconnect Rates: Attempted and Actual Number of Sessions Established/Pending Interface counters: Rx, Tx, Ty, Gx, etc. 23

24 Spirent test scenarios Diameter Credit Control (DCCA) test Application The Diameter Credit Control Application (DCCA) Performance Test Application is the only high performance test tool that simulates a diameter credit control client. DCCA provides a comprehensive test system that emulates a diameter credit control client interacting with a DCCA server for credit control functions. DCCA allows DCCA equipment vendors to accurately specify the performance characteristics of their equipment under real-world conditions experienced in their customers networks. It allows service providers to measure the performance of their DCCA servers and to validate the servers ability to handle the traffic generated within next generation networks. By simulating millions of real time credit control transactions, including initials, updates and terminations, DCCA gives service providers peace of mind in knowing the DCCA server will not become a roadblock as next generation network elements are deployed to support 3G networks. DCCA Testing Primary DCCA Server IP MN Radio DCCA Client (NAS) Secondary DCCA Server DCCA Server Emulation Primary DCCA Server IP MN Radio DCCA Client (NAS) Secondary DCCA Server 24

25 control plane Test Maximum number of simultaneous activated sessions data plane Test Not applicable to the DCCA test application Maximum session activation/deactivation rate features and options Dedicated or round robin (up to 10) DCCA servers Configurable attribute value pairs (AVPs - including proprietary definitions) Support for up to 10 MSCCs each with its own configurable values DCCA Server Emulation Test Server Specifications Up to 800,000* emulated mobile subscribers Up to 2,000* emulated DCCA client nodes Activation/deactivation rates up to 2,000/sec* * with performance accelerator reports and measurements provides an extensive assortment of measurements and counters for the DCCA test application including, but not limited to, individual message counters and error indications. By using the counters a user can determine what is occurring in the network. Other measurements include: Connect Rates: Attempted and Actual Disconnect Rates: Attempted and Actual Number of Sessions Established /Pending Diameter session counters: (Cap Ex Request/Answers, Watchdog, etc.) 25

26 Spirent test scenarios L2TP VPN Gateway Test Application The L2TP VPN/Secure Gateway Performance Test Application is the only test tool that simulates real-world traffic models for testing L2TP network servers. The L2TP application can be used in a stand-alone mode, or added to other applications such as the CDMA Test Application or the GPRS test application. The L2TP application provides a comprehensive end-to-end test system that emulates millions of data subscribers, all accessing private networks simultaneously via L2TP tunnels. By emulating all of the key core packet data network elements and combining control plane and data plane simulation, the L2TP provides real-world emulation of data subscribers in various stages of activation and deactivation all while transmitting and receiving real-world application data. The L2TP application allows LNS equipment vendors to accurately specify the performance characteristics of their equipment under the conditions experienced in their customers networks. The L2TP Server emulator feature provides a virtual LNS to support L2TP testing that is driven by test devices external to this test system. The virtual server includes Host functionality, can support both control and bearer plane testing, and will respond to any LAC that presents valid credentials. The L2TP Secure Server feature provides the same functionality as the L2TP Server emulator with the addition of IPSec support. IPSec may be used to encrypt L2TP control plane traffic between the LAC and the LNS. IPSec may also be used to encrypt the bearer plane traffic between the MN and the LNS or another IPSec peer on the private network side of the LNS. L2TP LNS Testing Host PPP PPP MN Radio LAC L2TP (IPSec optional) PPP/L2TP (IPSec optional) IP LNS Gateway Private IP IP L2TP LNS Server Emulation Host PPP PPP MN Radio LAC L2TP (IPSec optional) PPP/L2TP (IPSec optional) IP LNS Gateway Private IP IP 26

27 control plane Test Maximum number of simultaneous activated sessions Maximum session activation/deactivation rate data plane Test Maximum data packet rate Maximum data rate in bits per second Packet Latency, one-way and round-trip Packet Loss features and options PPP: IPCP/IPv6CP Address and Protocol field compression Authorization: None, Chap, PAP, EAP Sync Mode: Sync, Async Van Jacobson Compression DNS and NBNS L2TP: Tunnel Authentication Framing: Sync, Async, Both Bearer Capabilities: Analog, Digital, Both Other optional parameters (called number, calling number, sub-address, private group, etc.) IPSec Data Flows: basic and advanced/stateful Test Server Specifications Up to 400,000* emulated mobile subscribers Up to 2,000* emulated LACs Activation/deactivation rates up to 2,000/sec* * with performance accelerator reports and measurements provides an extensive assortment of measurements and counters for the L2TP test applications including. By using the counters a user can determine what is occurring in the network. Measurements include: Connect Rates: Attempted and Actual Disconnect Rates: Attempted and Actual Average Session Connect/Disconnect Time Number of Sessions Established/Pending PPP measurements and counters L2TP session and tunnel measurements and counters Data Flow Counters/Measurements 27

28 Spirent test scenarios Fixed Mobile Convergence - Packet Data Gateway and PDIF Test Applications The advent of all IP networks, and specifically Voice over IP (VoIP) and IMS, has led to the ability to move freely between cellular and WiFi networks while still maintaining application layer services. Now a mobile subscriber can start a cellular call on the way home from work and seamlessly switch to a WiFi network when entering the home, while still carrying on the same call. The convergence of the wireless network and the fixed-line network is known as Fixed Mobile Convergence, or FMC. To implement this functionality in a 3GPP network a new network component, the Packet Data Gateway (PDG), has been introduced. The PDG allows access to the 3GPP packet core and IMS networks via wireless access points. Spirent Communications Packet Data Gateway test option, with the Dynamic IPSec option and IP Data Application, allows testing in the lab for performance and accuracy of secure access to the 3GPP packet data core via the PDG. also allows for modeling the customer experience for secure transmissions. Mobile Node (Ue) AP Mobile Node (Ue) AP PDG PDG AP Packet Data 3GPP Packet Data To enable FMC networks, an element has been defined by the 3GPP2 called a Packet Data Interworking Function (PDIF). The PDIF allows access to the CDMA2000 packet core and IMS networks via WiFi access points. The PDIF is responsible for security, access, authentication, policy enforcement, user information collection and IP address allocation. Mobile Node (Ue) AP Mobile Node (Ue) AP PDIF PDG PDIF PDG AP Packet Data 3GPP Packet Data s PDIF test option, with the Dynamic IPSec option and IP Data Application, performs lab tests for performance and accuracy of secure access to the 3GPP2 packet data core and IMS network via the PDIF. By adding the CDMA application to the above, testing of mobility between 3GPP2 and WiFi is also available. also tests a mixture of network elements. When used with the CDMA application, can test a network s ability to handle fixed mobile convergence by emulating mobile nodes accessing the network through a WiFi access point and through a PCF. 28

29 control plane Test Maximum number of simultaneous activated sessions Maximum session activation/deactivation rate data plane Test Maximum data packet rate Maximum data rate in bits per second Packet Latency, one-way and round-trip Packet Loss features and options 3GPP2: CDMA-WiFi Handover Intra-PDIF Mobility MIP MIP IPSec MOBIKE 3GPP: MOBIKE Micro Mobility Data Flows: basic and advanced/stateful Test Server Specifications Up to 400,000* emulated mobile subscribers Up to 2,000 emulated PCFS and up to 2,000 emulated Home Agents (PDIF) Activation/deactivation rates up to 200/sec* * with performance accelerator 29

30 Spirent test scenarios Dynamic IPSec TEST APPLICATION The Dynamic IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) Option tests the performance and accuracy of IPSec transactions and models the customer experience when using secure transmissions. The IPSec option can be used with any Spirent wireless packet data test application. IPSec protects traffic between two peers by authenticating the sender, ensuring packet integrity and by encrypting the packets. A peer is any network element with IPSec capability. A security gateway, Home Agent and GGSN are considered peers. Two such peers negotiate one or more Security Associations (SA), which consists of keys that allow the peers to tunnel traffic over IPv4 or IPv6. The user may define IKE authentication and encryption methods, and provision each of the SAs (tunnels). A combination of protocol type, payload ID destination and ESP data mode determines which packets are protected by each SA. allows the user to generate RSA public and private keys and signed X.509 certificates with the Certificate Authority (CA) that runs on the test server. Users may also import their own keys and certificates. Each test server uses an IPSec accelerator card for testing. This card supports dynamic IPSec tunnels. The Dynamic IPSec Option encrypts basic or advanced data in the applications. IPSec tunnels are established when the emulated sessions are activated and torn down when the emulated sessions are deactivated. Dynamic IPSec can also be used to encrypt control traffic; for example, between a Diameter Client and a Diameter server. 30

31 features and options IKE Versions: IKEv1 and IKEv2 IKE Phase 1 types (IKEv1): Main and Aggressive Authentication Options: IKE with pre-shared key IKE with RSA Pre-provisioned Authentication Types: HMAC96-MD5 HMAC96-SHA1 AES-XCBC-MAC96 Encryption Key Types: NULL 3DES AES128 AES192 AES256 Oakley Group Type: Group 768 Group 1024 Group 1536 Group 2048 RSA Keys Supported: Private RSA Public RSA 509 Certificate ESP Modes: Transport Tunnel EAP Authentication: MD5 GTC SIM AKA MSCHAPv2 TLS Test Server Specifications Up to 200,000 simultaneous tunnels (w/o certificates) Up to 100,000 simultaneous tunnels (with certificates) Up to 4 tunnels per emulated node Up to 200 SAs per second using pre-shared key Up to 100 SAs per second using certificates reports and measurements The IPSec counters and measurements provided by are in addition to the measurements maintained for the application. A comprehensive set of IPSec counters, including average IKE connect times, Phase 1 and Phase 2 attempts and successes and number of packets encrypted/decrypted is provided. 31

32 Node Emulators In addition to the test applications previously described, provides several node emulators to facilitate testing and reduce the need for additional network elements in the lab. AAA Server Emulator The AAA Server Emulation feature may be added to any test application. This emulator replaces the real AAA server with its limitations, thus allowing more accurate DUT performance measurements. PCRF Node Emulator With the PCRF node emulation capability, the user can emulate the PCRF and thus provide a configuration in which an AGW and AF can be tested (including a WiMAX ASN). GGSN Node Emulator The GGSN node emulation capability allows to emulate a stand-alone GGSN. This emulator can be used for testing SGSNs, Firewalls and other devices that communicate with a GGSN. CGF Server Emulator The CGF emulation capability can be used with the GGSN performance test application, the UMTS performance test application, or it can be used as a stand-alone application supporting real SGSNs and GGSNs. The CGF emulator allows the user to test the SGSN or GGSN without a real CGF server, ensuring the CGF server does not become a bottleneck when measuring performance. Diameter Credit Control Server Emulator The DCCA server emulation feature allows an equipment vendor or service provider to emulate a DCCA server in order to more accurately measure the performance of a device under test without the performance being slowed by a real DCCA server in the network. It also eliminates the need for a real DCCA server in the lab. DHCP Server Emulator With the DHCP Server Emulation feature, users can add a DHCP Server Node test case to the test session to provide simple IP address allocation services to clients either directly or via a relay agent. Both IPv4 and IPv6 are supported. Home Agent Emulator Allows emulation of stand-alone Home Agent. The emulated HA does not provide an interface to a AAA server. SGSN Node Emulator The SGSN node emulation capability allows the to emulate a stand-alone SGSN, supporting Iu/Gb, Gn and Gi (combined SGSN/GGSN emulation) interfaces. This emulator can be used for testing 2G/3G RANs, Firewalls and other devices that communicate over the Gi interface in the case of combined SGSN/GGSN emulation. 32

33 Use Cases use case > 1 A NEM is developing an ASN Gateway at one site and a CSN at another facility. Both labs need to benchmark their respective device s maximum number of subscribers and connection rates, but neither lab has the other s node (i.e. the ASN Gateway is not available in the CSN lab and vice versa). Solution: With a single Manager and two Test Servers, one located in the ASN GW lab and the other in the CSN Lab, the customer can load each node with up to 200,000 mobile subscribers (using performance accelerator). The customer would need the ASN GW application, the CSN application and the AAA server emulation. If capacity beyond 200,000 mobile subscribers is required then additional test servers would be needed. use case > 2 A service provider is having a bake-off between UMTS NEMs and needs to determine the performance characteristics of the devices from each vendor. They have not made a purchasing decision yet, therefore they have no equipment in their labs. The service provider has defined the minimum performance characteristics they require from the NEM. Solution: With a common test plan and test cases, a system (complete with a Manager and multiple Test Servers) goes on a traveling road show. At each vendor the is setup and connected to the devices under test. The same test suite is run at each vendor and the results are saved for comparison by the service provider. Since the NEMs also have a test system of their own, test suites that uncover issues are exported so that the NEM can resolve any issue and re-execute the problematic test. applications needed are the UMTS application, IP Data application (for advanced data), and, possibly, the AAA server emulation. use case > 3 A NEM is developing a complete set of LTE nodes (MME, Serving Gateway, PDN Gateway, etc.) and needs to perform load testing. They also need to ensure that 3G SGSNs can connect into their LTE core but do not have an SGSN. Solution: A system with the LTE MME and LTE Gateway test applications can be used. This allows the customer to test their MMEs and Gateways in nodal configurations, as well as end-to-end network configurations. The addition of the IP Data Application provides the ability to generate large amounts of stateful user plane traffic in both the nodal and end-to-end scenarios. 33