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Kimberly Maude Warner
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1 Fathur AB Afif A Hari A Gary A Dhika AB April AB Mulya AB Yusuf AB Anin A Rizka B Dion AB Siska AB Mirel AB Hani AB Airita AB

2 Signaling Course Number : TTH2A3 CLO : 1 Week : 4 (end of CLO #1)

3 Call setup Call Establishment A 1 4 Seizure (off-hook) Address digit (B-number) Dial tone EXCHANGE - Identification of calling subscriber - Allocation of storage address digits and - Connection of common equipment - Disconnection of dialtone - Digit analysis and search of B sub - Switch path set B Two types of signaling: CAS (Channel Associated Signaling) CCS (Common Channel Signaling) Ringing tone 7a Ringing 7b current Answer (off-hook) 8 9 C O N V E R S A T I O N Supervision 10 Forward clear (on-hook) 12 - Disconnection of equipment Backward clear (on-hook) 11 Clear down

4 What is Signaling? An exchange of standard code information between devices in the network Functionalities: Call setup Supervision Clear down setup signal setup signal Telecom Network A (calling party) setup signal setup signal release signal release signal Telecom Network a) call setup B (called party) A (calling party) release signal release signal speech path signaling path node (exchange) A (calling party) speech speech Telecom Network b) conversation speech B (called party) c) clear down B (called party)

5 Signaling Classification (1/4) 1. Based on transmission channel CAS (Channel Associated Signaling), signaling = information CCS (Common Channel Signaling), one channel for all signaling 2. Based on functionalities Line signaling Register signaling decadic pulse MFC Non compelled Compelled» Full MFC» Semi MFC Vab on-hook off-hook dial " 3" IDT dial " 1" t (ms)

6 Signaling Classification (2/4) 3. Based on delivery method End to end Link by link Enblock Overlap 4. Based on direction to establish a call Forward Backward

7 Signaling Classification (3/4) 5. Based on current characteristic Direct Current Alternating Current Number of frequency used (single and multi frequency) Frequency used compared to bandwidth (in-band and out ofband) Analog Digital 6. Based on direction to establish a call Forward Backward

8 Signaling Classification (4/4) 7. Based on network segment Subscriber segment Z interface (analog) Digital Subscriber System (DSS) #1 (digital) Inter-Exchange segment 8. Based on geographical Regional International

Illustration subscriber signaling Inter-exchange signaling Telecom Network subscriber signaling Subscriber signaling Distribution Point Network signaling (inter-exchange

9 Illustration subscriber signaling Inter-exchange signaling Telecom Network subscriber signaling Subscriber signaling Distribution Point Network signaling (inter-exchange signaling) Subscriber signaling Drop wire Demarcation Point Street Cabinet MDF Local Exchange Telephone NTE Secondary Cable Subscriber lines (Access Network) Primary Cable

10 Line and Register Signaling Line signal is for supervisory: monitor: idle, blocking, etc. control: clear forward, force release, seizure, etc. Register signal carries information about phone number (source/calling and destination/called), source class, destination status (idle/busy): Decadic pulses MFC (Multi Frequency Code) contains 2 to 6 frequency for each code Vab on-hook off-hook dial " 3" IDT dial " 1" t (ms)

11 CAS and CCS CAS: every information channel equally associated with signaling channel. The channel physically could be the same or different (separated in time or frequency) CCS: several information channels use common channel for signaling. Usually physically separated. Example of CCS is SS7 (Signaling System Number 7) n voice/data channel 1 2 voice/data channel signaling channel 1 2 Exchange A n voice/data channel signaling channel Exchange B Exchange A n 1 m << n Exchange B m m signaling channel

12 Signaling System 7 CCSS7 CCIS7 N7 History Signaling System 1 to 5 use in-band signaling (CAS) CCITT developed a digital signaling standard called Signaling System 6 SS6 was based on Packet-Switched, proprietary data network SS6 uses 2.4 kbps data links to send packets of data to distant switches to request service SS7 began deployment in 1983, was initially used for inter office network, but now it is deployed in local central offices Provides a global standard for call setup, routing, control and database access

13 Signaling System 7 Elements (Signaling Point) (Signaling Transfer Point) SCP (Signaling Control Point) S (Service Switching Point) SEP (Signaling End Point) SL (Signaling Link) A Link B Link C Link D Link E Link

14 Signalling Point () is any node in the network that can process signaling message SEP (Signaling End Point) or simply is a that can only process signaling message dedicated to it On the contrary, (Signaling Transfer Point) can transfer signaling message to other Example: 1. Local Exchange / Central Office (Switching Center) 2. Operation and Maintenance Center (OMC) 3. Service Control Point (SCP) 4. Signaling Transfer Point ()

15 Signaling Link between and Signaling Link (SL) Transmission media to transfer signaling message between two Link Set Bundle of SL that connect two directly Link Group Several SL within Link Set that has similar characteristic link set link group signalling link link group

16 Signaling Route Originating Point, that originally sends a signaling message Destination Point, that the signaling message is intended to receive Signaling Route, is the path designated to deliver the signaling message Signaling Route consists of and SL, which reside between Originating Point (OP) and Destination Point (DP)

17 Signaling Mode Based on the link used to deliver information and signaling, signaling mode is distinguished into: 1. Associated Signaling 2. Non Associated Associated Speech Quasi Associated, predefined route Fully Non Associated, free route (not applicable due to incapability to reconstruct message)

18 Information Plane & Control Plane In SS7, signalling message provides call management (call setup, supervision, termination) and network management Signalling message are sent as short message block (packet) using message switching between and There will be two network plane: Information plane (deliver information using circuit switch) Control plane (deliver signaling using message switch)

19 Control Plane CONTROL PLANE SS7 User User = Signalling Point = Signalling Transfer Point

20 Information Plane INFORMATION PLANE User LE User LE TC TC LE = Local Exchange TC = Transit Center

21 End of CLO #1 See you on next class

Telecommunication Network (TN) and Switching

Telecommunication Network (TN) and Switching Instructor : Nyoman Karna Course Number : TTH2A3 As Taught In : 1 st semester 2015-2016 Level : Undergraduate Course Description Students learn about architecture,