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1 Networking technologies and applications Common Channel Signaling System 7 (SS7) Part 1 Gusztáv Adamis BME TMIT 2015 Networking technologies and applications 1
2 Channel Associated Signaling - CAS 2 Signaling: set-up and release of connections between two subscribers Signals were carried by the same circuit (subscriber line, trunk) that carried the speech during the call Subscriber Signaling between subscriber and his local exchange Not possible to send signaling messages in the absence of a call
3 Common Channel Signaling - CCS CCS Signaling does not have to go along the same path as speech Abbreviated as CCS7, CCS#7, SS7 or simply C7 Modular in design protocol architecture Non call related signaling possible 3
4 Common Channel Signaling Systems Digital signals on a voice circuit independent network One signaling link serves the need of several voice circuits Disadvantages: additional subnetwork plus cost more complicated switches explicit continuity check needed Advantages: better voice circuit utilisation complex messages: several services/features can be controlled by one system stronger protection than for voice transmission call-independent messages possible data base query SMS operation and mainteneance messages 4
5 CCSS Circuit Voice Network Link Signaling (Transfer) Point SP SP STP SP Signaling Network 5
6 CCSS Circuit Voice Network Link SCP (Intelligent Netw.) OAM (Netw. Management) HLR (Mobile) Signaling (Transfer) Point SP SP STP SP SP Signaling Network 6
7 Connection Types Associated connection Same path for link and circuit different, dedicated time slots different, dedicated cables Quasi-associated connection Different paths 7
8 CCSS7 Subnetwork B D A F C E 8
9 CCSS7 Protocol Architecture OSI layers Transaction services Call Control Services MAP, INAP + TCAP SCCP ISDN User Part (ISUP) Level 4 Telephone User Part (TUP) Level MTP 1-3
10 SS7 Protocol Layers Signaling System 7 was introduced by AT&T in 1975 and approved by worldwide standard bodies in SS7 basic functions are as follows MTP (Message Transfer Part) - Provides a reliable transfer and delivery of signaling information in a signaling network. TUP (Telephone User Part) - Provides the transport of call set-up information between two signaling points only for voice services. ISUP (ISDN User Part) - Provides the transport of call set-up information between two signaling points. SCCP (Signaling Connection Control Point) - Provides additional routing capabilities via SubSystem Numbers (SSNs). It also offers the capability of routing based on dialed digits or global title translation. TCAP (Transaction Capability Application Part) - Provides the capability of transferring noncircuit-related information between signaling points. 10
11 SS7 Protocol Layers over IP SCTP (Streams Control Transmission Protocol) - Provides generic transport for SCN signaling. M2PA (MTP 2 Peer-to-peer Adaptation Layer) - Enables SS7 links replacement over IP. M2UA (MTP 2 User Adaptation Layer) - Enables SS7 back-hauling from remote end-points over IP. M3UA (MTP 3 User Adaptation Layer) - Enables SS7 User Parts (e.g. ISUP and SCCP) to run over IP. SUA (SCCP User Adaptation Layer) - Enables SS7 Application Parts (e.g. TCAP) to run over IP. 11
12 MTP levels of CCSS7 Message Transfer Part (MTP) Level 3 Signaling Message Handling + Signaling Network Management Level 2 Data Link Control Level 1 Physical Connections 12
13 Message Transfer Part (MTP) Level 1 Physical Connections : Defines the physical, electrical, and functional characteristics of the digital signaling link. Defined physical interfaces include, DS1 (1.544 Mbps), E1 (2.048 Mbps), V.35 (64 kbps),ds0 (64 kbps), and DS0A (56 kbps). Level 2 Data Link Control : Defines the functions and procedures to ensure that messages are reliably transmitted across a signaling link. They implement flow control, message sequence validation, and error checking. When an error occurs on a signaling link, the messages are retransmitted. Framing Error detection and correction Different message types 13
14 MTP-2 Message Structure SF (LSSU esetén) Flag: bit stuffing FSN/BSN: Forward/Backward Sequence Number FIB/BIB: Forward/Backward Indicator Bit LI: Length Indicator CK: Checksum FISU: Fill-In Signal Unit LSSU: Link Status Signal Unit MSU: Message Signal Unit SIF: Service Information Field ( Address + Message) 14 SIO: Service Information Octet FLAG 8 bit CK SIF LI SIO F I B FSN B I B (MSU esetén) BSN FLAG 16 bit 2 6 bit 1 7 bit 1 7 bit 8 bit
15 MTP-2 Basic Error Correction FSN,FIB 1,0 A B BSN,BIB 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 3,1 4,1 5,1 X 1,0 2,0 2,0 2,1 2,1 2,1 3,1 4,1 positive ack. negative ack. positive ack. 15
16 Message Transfer Part (MTP) Level 3 Signaling Message Handling: Provides message routing between signaling points in a SS7 network. Signaling Network Management: Monitors state of the signaling network + performs reconfiguration when necessary 16
17 Signaling Networks, Signaling Point Codes Nemzetközi International hálózat Network Nemzeti National Network hálózat A Nemzeti National hálózat Network C Signaling Point Code 14 bit Nemzeti National Network hálózat B Nemzeti National Interconnecting összekötő hálózat Network Nemzeti National hálózat Network D 17 ISPC = Zone Code + Area/Network Code + Signaling Point Identifier NISPC = Operator Code + Signaling Point Identifier NSPC
18 MTP-3 Addressing RL SLS OPC DPC SIO 4 bit 14 bit 14 bit 8 bit RL Routing Label OPC, DPC Originating Point Code, Destination Point Code SLS Signaling Link Selection SIO Service Indicator Octet = Network Indicator (NI) + Service Indicator (SI) 18
19 MTP-3 Signaling Message Handling UPs MTP-3 Signaling Links SNM ISUP SCCP Sign. Mess. distribution Sign. Mess. discrimination MTP-2 Sign. Mess. routing 19
20 MTP-3 Signaling Network Management Signaling Route Management Jelzésútvonal menedzselés Signaling Traffic Management Changeover Át kapcsolás UP Changeback Vissza - kapcsolás Kényszerített Forced Rerouting átirányítás Controlled Vezérelt Rerouting átirányítás Route Availability Control Újraindítás Restart Sign. Jelzésforgalom Traffic folyam vezérlés Flow Ctrl. Link Availability Szakasz használhatóság vezérlés Control Jelzésszakasz Signaling Link menedzselés Management 20 MGMT (operator) MTP2
21 Protocol stack for fixed networks in CCSS7 ISUP Call Control Messages ISUP MTP Level 3 Level 2 Transport of Signaling Messages within one network Data Link Control Level 3 Level 2 Level 1 Physical Connections Level 1 21 MTP Message Transfer Part
22 User Parts Telephone User Part (TUP) Defines the international telephone call control signaling functions for basic call setup and release. Withdrawn. Data User Part (DUP) Defines data transfer control. Obsolete. ISDN User Part (ISUP) Defines the protocol used to setup, manage, and release trunk circuits that carry voice and data + ISDN Supplementary Services Call Control Circuit Supervision 22
23 ISUP Functional Blocks Switch Hívásvezérlés Call Hívásfeldolgozás Processing vezérlés Control Áramkör Circuit Supervision felügyelet vezérlés Control Message Üzenetküldés Sending vezérlés Control Message Üzenet Distribution elosztás vezérlés Control MTP 23
24 ISUP Message Structure CIC Circuit Identification Code (12 bit + 4 spare) Message type code Type Mandatory fixed part Parameter A Parameter... Parameter F Mandatory variable part Pointer to parameter M Pointer to parameter... Pointer to parameter P Pointer to start of optional part Length indicator of parameter M Parameter M... Length indicator of parameter P Parameter P Optional part Parameter name=x Length indicator of parameter X Parameter X... Parameter name=z Length indicator of parameter Z 24 Parameter Z End of optional parameters
25 ISDN call establishment early ACM 25 Ringing tone DSS1 ISUP DSS1 ISDN equipm. ISDN switch ISDN switch ISDN equipm. SABME UA I (Setup) I (Setup Ack) I (Information) I (Call Proceeding) I (Alert) I (Connection) I (Conn. Ack.) IAM ACM CPG ANM B channel connection UI (Setup) SABME UA I (Setup Ack) I (Alert) I (Connection) I (Conn. Ack.) Ringing Answer
26 ISDN call establishment late ACM 26 Ringing tone DSS1 ISUP DSS1 ISDN equipm. ISDN switch ISDN switch ISDN equipm. SABME UA I (Setup) I (Setup Ack) I (Information) I (Call Proceeding) I (Alert) I (Connection) I (Conn. Ack.) IAM ACM ANM B channel connection UI (Setup) SABME UA I (Setup Ack) I (Alert) I (Connection) I (Conn. Ack.) Ringing Answer
27 ISDN call release ISDN equipm. ISDN switch ISDN switch ISDN equipm. DSS1 ISUP DSS1 B channel connection Disconnect I (Disconnect) REL I (Disconnect) I (Release) RLC I (Release) I (Rel. Complete) I (Rel. Complete) DISC DISC UA UA 27
28 ISUP messages 28 Initial address message (IAM): contains all necessary information for a switch to establish a connection Subsequent Address Message (SAM) Address complete message (ACM): acknowledge to IAM; the required circuit is reserved and the phone is ringing (ringback tone) Call Progress (CPG) Answer message (ANM): occurs when the called party picks up the phone Release (REL): sent by the switch sensing that the phone hung up Release complete (RLC): each exchange that receives REL, sends an RLC message back (this acknowledges receipt of REL)
29 IAM parameters General info Signaling requirements Type of caller Voice line (B channel) requirements 29
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