[1] Chowdhury, A. K., Ibrahim, M., Shanmugam, V., Singh, A. K. (2013). [2] Chowdhury, A. K., Raj, N., Singh, A. K., Area efficient MAX operator for

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1 References [1] Chowdhury, A. K., Ibrahim, M., Shanmugam, V., Singh, A. K. (2013). Multiple valued logic (MVL) reduction operator, its synthesis and application on network congestion. Proceeding of 7th Global Conference of Power Control and Optimization. [2] Chowdhury, A. K., Raj, N., Singh, A. K., Area efficient MAX operator for multi-valued logic realization, 4 th International Conference on Eco-friendly Computing and Communication Systems. July 2015 (Submitted) [3] Chowdhury, A. K., Raj, N., Singh, A. K. (2015). A novel high deduction algorithm for synthesizing multi-valued logic and circuit realization. Journal of Materials. (Submitted) [4] Natiq H. J., Ahamd Z. Z., Othman M., Subramaniam, S. (2008). The TCPbased new AIMD congestion algorithm. International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security. vol.8, no.10, pp [5] Lablan, P. ( ). Multi-Valued Logic [Online]. Available: [6] Smith, K.C. (1988). A multiple valued logic: a tutorial and appreciation. Computer. vol. 21, no.4, pp [7] Chowdhury, A. K., Raj, N., Singh, A. K. (2014). A review on synthesis methods and application of multi-valued logic. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology. (Submitted)

2 [8] [Besslich, P.W. (1986). Heuristic minimization of MVL functions: A direct cover approach. IEEE Transactions on Computer. pp [9] Chowdhury, A. K., Raj, N., Singh, A. K. (2015). Synthesis and reduced logic gate realization of multi-valued logic (MVL) functions using neural network deployment algorithm (NNDA). Journal of Engineering Science and Technology. (In Press) [10] Abd-El-Barr, M., Sarif, B. A. B. (2006). Synthesis of MVL functions - Part II: The ant colony optimization approach. International Conference on Microelectronics. pp [11] Chowdhury, A. K., Raj, N., Singh, A. K. (2014). Non-zero multi-valued decision diagram (NZMDD) based synthesis of multi-valued logic (MVL) functions. Advance Materials Research. vol. 980, pp [12] Sarif, B.A.B.; Abd-El-Barr, M. (2006). Synthesis of MVL functions - Part I: The genetic algorithm approach. International Conference on Microelectronics. pp [13] Chowdhury, A. K., Raj, N., Singh, A. K. (2015). Design of low power MAX operator for Multi-Valued Logic System. International Conference on Ecofriendly Computing and Communication Systems. (Submitted) [14] Chowdhury, A. K., Razali M. S., Loh, G. C. W., Gopal L., Madon, B., Singh, A. K. (2015). An analysis of novel MVL neural operators using feed forward back-propagation, realization and application of logic synthesis. IEEE International Conference on Smart Sensors and Application.

3 [15] Jain, A. K., Bolton, R. J., Abd-El-Barr, M. H. (1993). CMOS multiplevalued logic design. II. Function realization. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications. vol. 40, no.8, pp [16] Jain, A. K., Bolton, R. J., Abd-El-Barr, M. H. (1993). CMOS multiplevalued logic design. I. Circuit implementation. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications. vol. 40, no. 8, pp [17] Gawande, A. D., Ladhake, S. A. (2008). Constraints in the design of CMOS MVL circuits. 7th WSEAS International Conference on Instrumentation, Measurement, Circuits and Systems. pp [18] Temel, T., Morgul, A., Aydin, N. (2006). Signed higher-radix full-adder algorithm and implementation with current-mode multi-valued logic circuits. IEE Proceedings Circuits, Devices and Systems. vol. 153, no. 5, pp [19] Temel, T., Morgul, A. (2002). Multi-valued logic function implementation with novel current-mode logic gates. IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. vol. 1, pp. I-881-I-884. [20] Abd-El-Barr, M., Al-Awami, L. (2003). Analysis of direct cover algorithms for minimization of MVL functions. Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Microelectronics. pp [21] Nakahara, H., Sasao, T., Matsuura, M. (2011). A Comparison of Heterogeneous Multi-valued Decision Diagram Machines for Multiple-Output

4 Logic Functions. 41st IEEE International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic. pp [22] Wang, J., Wen, J., Zhang, J., Han,Y. (2010). TCP-FIT A novel TCP congestion control algorithm for wireless networks. IEEE GLOBECOM Workshops (GC Wkshps). pp [23] Lai, C., Leung, K-C., Li, V.O.K. (2013). Design and analysis of TCP AIMD in wireless networks. IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference. pp [24] Leung, K-C., Li, V.O.K. (2006). Transmission control protocol (TCP) in wireless networks: Issues, approaches, and challenges. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials. vol.8, no.4, pp [25] Sun, X. (2012). TCP congestion control algorithm research. 8th International Conference Information Science and Digital Content Technology. vol.3, pp [26] Kassa, D.F., Wittevrongel, S. (2006). An analytical model of TCP performance. 25th IEEE International Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference. pp [27] Wang, J., Wen, J., Zhang, J., Han,Y. (2011). TCP-FIT:An improved TCP congestion control algorithm and its performance. Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM. pp

5 [28] Zhou, C-M. (2013). Fairness improvement of high speed TCP congestion control algorithm, Fifth International Conference on Computational and Information Sciences. pp [29] Wang, J., Wen, J., Zhang, J., Han,Y. (2010). TCP-FIT :An improved TCP congestion control algorithm and its performance. IEEE GLOBECOM Workshops (GC Wkshps). pp [30] Zhang, H., Bian, Z. (2002). Evaluation of Different TCP Congestion Control Algorithms Using NS-2. CMPT 885-3: High-Performance Networks. [31] Yun, L., Rui, Z., Zhanjun, L., Qilie, L., (2009). An improved TCP congestion control algorithm over mixed wired/wireless networks. 2nd IEEE International Conference on Broadband Network & Multimedia Technology. pp

6 APPENDICES Simulated Network Congestion #Create a simulator object set ns [new Simulator] #creating nam objects set nf [open tcpred1.nam w] $ns namtrace-all $nf #open the trace file set nt [open tcpred1.tr w] $ns trace-all $nt #Define different colors for data flows $ns color 1 Blue $ns color 2 Red $ns color 3 green $ns color 4 brown $ns color 5 yellow #finish procedure proc finish {} { global ns nf nt $ns flush-trace close $nf close $nt puts "running nam..." exec nam tcpred1.nam & exit 0

7 } #creating client- router- end server node set Sender1 [$ns node] set Sender2 [$ns node] set Sender3 [$ns node] set Sender4 [$ns node] set Sender5 [$ns node] set Router1 [$ns node] set Router2 [$ns node] set Receiver1 [$ns node] set Receiver2 [$ns node] set Receiver3 [$ns node] set Receiver4 [$ns node] set Receiver5 [$ns node] #creating duplex link $ns duplex-link $Sender1 $Router1 5Mb 30ms DropTail $ns duplex-link $Sender2 $Router1 5Mb 30ms DropTail $ns duplex-link $Sender3 $Router1 5Mb 30ms DropTail $ns duplex-link $Sender4 $Router1 5Mb 30ms DropTail $ns duplex-link $Sender5 $Router1 5Mb 30ms DropTail $ns duplex-link $Router1 $Router Mb 2.875ms DropTail $ns duplex-link $Router2 $Receiver1 5Mb 30ms DropTail $ns duplex-link $Router2 $Receiver2 5Mb 30ms DropTail $ns duplex-link $Router2 $Receiver3 5Mb 30ms DropTail $ns duplex-link $Router2 $Receiver4 5Mb 30ms DropTail $ns duplex-link $Router2 $Receiver5 5Mb 30ms DropTail

8 #creating orientation $ns duplex-link-op $Sender1 $Router1 orient right $ns duplex-link-op $Sender2 $Router1 orient right $ns duplex-link-op $Sender3 $Router1 orient right $ns duplex-link-op $Sender4 $Router1 orient right $ns duplex-link-op $Sender5 $Router1 orient right $ns duplex-link-op $Router1 $Router2 orient right $ns duplex-link-op $Router2 $Receiver1 orient right $ns duplex-link-op $Router2 $Receiver1 orient right $ns duplex-link-op $Router2 $Receiver1 orient right $ns duplex-link-op $Router2 $Receiver1 orient right $ns duplex-link-op $Router2 $Receiver1 orient right #Labelling $ns at 0.0 "$Sender1 label Sender1" $ns at 0.0 "$Sender2 label Sender2" $ns at 0.0 "$Sender3 label Sender3" $ns at 0.0 "$Sender4 label Sender4" $ns at 0.0 "$Sender5 label Sender5" $ns at 0.0 "$Router1 label Router1" $ns at 0.0 "$Router2 label Router2" $ns at 0.0 "$Receiver1 label Receiver1" $ns at 0.0 "$Receiver2 label Receiver2" $ns at 0.0 "$Receiver3 label Receiver3" $ns at 0.0 "$Receiver4 label Receiver4" $ns at 0.0 "$Receiver5 label Receiver5" #Configuring nodes $Receiver1 shape hexagon

9 $Receiver2 shape hexagon $Receiver3 shape hexagon $Receiver4 shape hexagon $Receiver5 shape hexagon $Router1 shape square $Router2 shape square #Establishing queues $ns duplex-link-op $Sender1 $Router1 queuepos 0.5 $ns duplex-link-op $Sender2 $Router1 queuepos 0.5 $ns duplex-link-op $Sender3 $Router1 queuepos 0.5 $ns duplex-link-op $Sender4 $Router1 queuepos 0.5 $ns duplex-link-op $Sender5 $Router1 queuepos 0.5 $ns duplex-link-op $Router1 $Router2 queuepos 0.5 $ns duplex-link-op $Router2 $Receiver1 queuepos 0.5 $ns duplex-link-op $Router2 $Receiver2 queuepos 0.5 $ns duplex-link-op $Router2 $Receiver3 queuepos 0.5 $ns duplex-link-op $Router2 $Receiver4 queuepos 0.5 $ns duplex-link-op $Router2 $Receiver5 queuepos 0.5 #Establishing communication set tcp0 [new Agent/TCP] $tcp0 set maxcwnd_ 16 $tcp0 set fid_ 1 $ns attach-agent $Sender1 $tcp0 set sink0 [new Agent/TCPSink] $ns attach-agent $Receiver1 $sink0 $ns connect $tcp0 $sink0 set ftp0 [new Application/FTP]

10 $ftp0 attach-agent $tcp0 $ns add-agent-trace $tcp0 tcp $tcp0 tracevar cwnd_ set packetsize_ 100 $ns at "$ftp0 start" $ns at "$ftp0 stop" set tcp1 [new Agent/TCP] $tcp1 set maxcwnd_ 16 $tcp1 set fid_ 2 $ns attach-agent $Sender2 $tcp1 set sink1 [new Agent/TCPSink] $ns attach-agent $Receiver2 $sink1 $ns connect $tcp1 $sin set ftp1 [new Application/FTP] $ftp1 attach-agent $tcp1 $ns add-agent-trace $tcp1 tcp $tcp1 tracevar cwnd_ set packetsize_ 100 $ns at "$ftp1 start" $ns at "$ftp1 stop" set tcp2 [new Agent/TCP] $tcp2 set maxcwnd_ 16 $tcp2 set fid_ 3 $ns attach-agent $Sender3 $tcp2

11 set sink2 [new Agent/TCPSink] $ns attach-agent $Receiver3 $sink2 $ns connect $tcp2 $sink2 set ftp2 [new Application/FTP] $ftp2 attach-agent $tcp2 $ns add-agent-trace $tcp2 tcp $tcp2 tracevar cwnd_ set packetsize_ 100 $ns at "$ftp2 start" $ns at "$ftp2 stop" set tcp3 [new Agent/TCP] $tcp3 set maxcwnd_ 16 $tcp3 set fid_ 4 $ns attach-agent $Sender4 $tcp3 set sink3 [new Agent/TCPSink] $ns attach-agent $Receiver4 $sink3 $ns connect $tcp3 $sink3 set ftp3 [new Application/FTP] $ftp3 attach-agent $tcp3 $ns add-agent-trace $tcp3 tcp $tcp3 tracevar cwnd_ set packetsize_ 100 $ns at "$ftp3 start" $ns at "$ftp3 stop" set tcp4 [new Agent/TCP]

12 $tcp4 set maxcwnd_ 100 $tcp4 set fid_ 5 $ns attach-agent $Sender5 $tcp4 set sink4 [new Agent/TCPSink] $ns attach-agent $Receiver5 $sink4 $ns connect $tcp4 $sink4 set ftp4 [new Application/FTP] $ftp4 attach-agent $tcp4 $ns add-agent-trace $tcp4 tcp $tcp4 tracevar cwnd_ set packetsize_ 100 $ns at "$ftp4 start" $ns at "$ftp4 stop" #Calling finish procedure $ns at "finish" $ns run