Network Management. Network Management: Goals, Organization and Functions

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1 Network Management Network Management: Goals, Organization and Functions

2 Telecomm/Data Network A telecommunication/data network is composed from many network elements (switching systems, terminals, circuits etc.) which provides certain services for the users. The collection of such elements forms the system resources. Heterogeneous (Platforms/Protocols) Complex (Many layered) Service Management (Fast service setup) 2

Packets ROADM View of a Telecomm/Data Network

VoIP R-ONT GPON PSTN R-ONT R-ONT GbE Video

3 Packets ROADM View of a Telecomm/Data Network Access Metro Core ISP Peering Internet R-ONT R-ONT ADSL2+ VDSL2 100FX OSP OLT IPDSLAM GbE ADSL2+ VDSL (MSAP) 2x 10 GE / OC VoIP R-ONT GPON PSTN R-ONT R-ONT GbE Video Services WIMAX 3000 Management Access Networks Optical Transport

4 Network Management Systems A network management systems are used to control the system and its resources by controlling its usage, access monitoring and reporting its current and historical status. Judgment, forecasting, decision making, analyzing data, and make positive efforts to maintain quality of service.

5 Overview: Network Management OAM&P(operations, administration, maintenance, and provisioning) Management Platform Administrator Workstation Collect, organize & interpret Operational Data mgmt requests/replies Provisioning - Planning - Design event reports Observation & Control

6 Network Management Defined As Goal OAMP (Operations, administration, maintenance and provisioning) of Network and Services Main goal of Network Management is to ensure that the users of the network receives the information technology services with the QoS that they expect. SLA Formally or Informally Operation Critical Services should be uninterrupted 24x7 and other non critical 8x5 From business administration point of view network management involves strategic and tactical planning of engineering, operation and maintenance of network services for current and future needs. Network Management Function Network Provisioning, operations, I&M Management SNMP 6

7 Network Management Operation Network Provisioning Network planning & Design; Responsibility of engineering group Keep track of new technologies and apply based on analysis of network traffic and performance data collected through network operations. Use Network Management Tools Network Operations NOC is responsible for discharging ISO defined five OSI network management applications fault, configuration, performance, security & Accounting Fault Management Accounting Management Configuration Management Performance Management Security Management Management SNMP 7

8 Fault Management Fault : A fault is an abnormal condition that requires management attention for repair whereas error is a single event. A fault is usually indicated by failure to operate correctly or by excessive errors. For example if a communication line is physically cut no signal will get thru so that there is persistently high bit error rate. Fault Management Is the process of locating faults Related to service failure Main Steps Discover the problem Isolate the problem Fix the problem (if possible) How do we do it Trouble Ticket (I&M group) Management SNMP 8

9 Accounting Management Accounting Management NOC administers costs and allocates the use of the network Measure the usage of network resources and services Involves tracking individual s utilization and grouping of network resources to ensure users have sufficient resources Involves granting or removing permission for access to the network The reason to do accounting An end user or group of users may be abusing their access privilege and burdening the network at the expense of others An end user may be making inefficient use of the network Network Managers can plan better growth of the network if user behaviour is know. Management SNMP 9

10 Configuration Management Config Mgmt is related to initializing the network and gracefully shutting it down. Manage the behaviour of devices thru software. Same device could be used as router or end device with the help of software with set of attributes and values. Configuration Management Configuration of network devices controls the behavior of the network. Process of finding and setting up these critical devices Three types of configurations Static or permanent, Dynamic or current & Planned NOC has displays which shows dynamic configurations of the network and its status Shows Failure points, traffic patterns and performance Management SNMP 10

11 Performance Management Performance Concerns What is the level of network utilization Is there excessive traffic Has thruput has been reduced to unacceptable limits Are there any bottlenecks Is response time increasing Taken care thru monitoring & control Performance Management Involves measuring the performance of the network hardware, software and media NOC gathers data and keep it upto date to perform above stated objective as well as tune the network for optimum performance. Examples of measured indicators are network traffic/overall throughput, network availability/percentage utilization, Error rates, Response time/delays. Traffic analysis is useful in detecting trends and future planning, performance data on availability and delay is useful for tuning the network and increase the reliability and improve the response time. Management SNMP 11

12 Security Management Security Management Is the process of controlling access to the information on the network Provides a way to monitor access points and records information on a periodic basis Provides audit trails and sounds alarms for security breaches A security database is established and maintained by the NOC for access to network and network information. Generating, distributing & storing encryption keys Password and Access control and Authentication Audit logs Security records Enabling disabling logging services. Management SNMP 12

13 Overview: Network Management OAM&P(operations, administration, maintenance, and provisioning) Management Platform Administrator Workstation Collect, organize & interpret Operational Data mgmt requests/replies Provisioning - Planning - Design event reports Observation & Control

14 Network Management Standards OSI (CMIP/CMISE) International standard (ISO/OSI) Data communication networks (LAN/MAN) Deals with all seven layers Most complete Object oriented Well structured and layered Complex and consume large resources Internet Model Industry standard (IETF) Originally intended for internet components (routers/switches), currently adopted for WANs and Telecomm Easy to implement/most widely deployed Management SNMP 14

15 Network Management Standards TMN International standard (ITU-T) For Telecomm/based on OSI NM model Addressed both network management and administrative aspects IEEE LAN/MAN IEEE standard adopted internationally Addressed management of LANs/MANs First two layers of OSI model/based on OSI model Web-based management Web-based Enterprise Management Java Management Extensions (JMX) Management SNMP 15

16 Network Management Models OSI network model proposes following four management models Organizational Model Defines Components of network management system, their function & infrastructure Defines terms object, manager, agent ISO I0040 Informational Model Structure & Organization of Management Information ISO I0165 defines SMI & MIB (Structure of management information & management information database) SMI how management information is structured MIB relationship and storage of information Communication Model Mode of communication between the entities of organization models Functional Model Configuration, Fault, Performance, Accounting & Security Management SNMP 16

17 Network Management Models Organizational Model Consists of Managers, s and Managed Objects MDB Two-tier & Three-tier systems MoM Three-tier EMS systems NMS systems Management SNMP 17

18 Network Management Models Information Model Structure & Storage of Information, e.g. ISBN ISBN, Chapter, Figure Specifies the information base to describe managed objects & their relationship SMI Syntax & Semantics of management information MIB storage of SMI data (used by both manager & agent) MIB v/s MDB, i.e. meta-data v/s real data Example data of MIB Network elements : hubs, bridges, routers, transmission facilities Software Processes : programs, algorithms, protocols, databases Administrative information : contact person, account numbers Management SNMP 18

19 Management Information Trees MIT Managed objects are uniquely defined by a tree structure specified by OSI model Root Node and well defined nodes underneath each node at different levels Each managed object = a node in the tree Containment model ITU (0) ISO (1) org (3) ISO-ITU (2) dod(6) internet(1) Management SNMP 19

20 Managed Object Perspective Internet Perspective Access: Access privilege Object Type: Object ID & Descriptor (Unique ID & Name of object type) Syntax: Model of object Definition: Textual description of object Status: Implementation Requirements Management SNMP 20

21 Managed Object Perspective ISO Perspective Object Class: Circular Object Object Class: Elliptical Object Operations: Push Behaviour Notification: Notify changes in attribute values Attributes: Circle, dimensions Attributes: ellipse, dimensions Management SNMP 21

22 Managed Object (ISO/IETF) Characterstics Example Characterstics Example Object type PktCounter Object Class Packet Counter Syntax Counter Attributes Single-valued Access Read-only Operation Get,set Status Description Mandatory Counts no. of pkts Behaviour Notification Retrieve or reset values Generate notification on change Management SNMP 22

23 Network Management Models Communication Model The way information is exchanged between the systems Three important aspects are defined here Transport medium of message exchange (transport protocol) Message format of communication (application protocol) The actual messages (commands & responses) Connectionless or Connection-oriented (TP4 over X.25 or IP) Manager Application Manager Communication Module Transport Layer Oper/req/res/t raps/notificatio ns SNMP (IETF) CMIP (OSI) UDP/IP (IETF) OSI Layer (OSI) Application Communication Module Transport Layer Management SNMP 23

24 Network Management Models Functional Model Fault Management Configuration Management Performance Management Administration Management Security Management Management SNMP 24

25 Network Management Cost Models Response Time Evaluations Asynchronous polling Synchronous polling tdel,i = average network latency delay between the manager and ith agent tp = average processing time for handling a single request/response message t comp = computation time to process the collected data Find out the overall response time for both the modes Management SNMP 25

26 Network Management Cost Models Bandwidth Overhead Evaluations Sreq = Size of a request packet Sres = Size of a response packet Ot = transport protocol overhead P = no. of polling intervals Find out the network bandwidth overhead Management SNMP 26

Lecture 5: Foundation of Network Management

Lecture 5: Foundation of Network Management Prof. Shervin Shirmohammadi SITE, University of Ottawa Prof. Shervin Shirmohammadi CEG 4395 5-1 Network Management Standards OSI: Common Management Information