Understanding user experience on mobile devices with the ICSI Netalyzr

Transcription

1 Understanding user experience on mobile devices with the ICSI Netalyzr Narseo Vallina-Rodriguez, Srikanth Sundaresan, Christian Kreibich, Nicholas Weaver and Vern Paxson ICSI-UC Berkeley Moritz Steiner Akamai Project sponsored by: Opinions are those of the presenter, and not of the funders 1

2 Where I m coming from ICSI: International Computer Science Institute - Berkeley PhD in Computer Science at the University of Cambridge (UK, 2013) in collaboration with Telefonica Research. Research on mobile OSs and cellular networks Member of ICSI-Networking and Security group since July 2013 More info: Personal page: Group page: 2

3 The Internet is becoming mobile 3

4 Where is the actual bottleneck in mobile networks? 4

5 End-to-end model? Carte Figurative des Pertes Successives en hommes de l Armée Francaise dans la Campagne de Russie ( ) Charles Minard

6 What is the cause of actual performance? 6

7 The ICSI Netalyzr for Android 7

8 The ICSI Netalyzr Story User-run tool to diagnose connectivity characteristics from the edge of the Internet Checks for behavioral anomalies, network properties and security issues for everybody Started in 2009 as a JAVA applet (1.4M sessions in 170 countries) Native Android version since November 2013 (22K installs in 120 countries) Research outcome: IMC 10, FOCI 11, SATIN 11, PAM 12/13, CONEXT 14 8

9 Netalyzr for Android RADIO TECHNOLOGY (CONTROL PLANE) IP CORE (USER PLANE) DNS RESOLVERS HIDDEN PROXIES NETWORK TOPOLOGY AND PEERING SHARED INFRASTRUCTURE TLS INTERCEPTION IPV6 AND DNSSEC SUPPORT NATs DETAILED LATENCY TESTS HANDSET HW AND MISCONFIGURATION APN CONFIGURATIONS BUFFERS CERTIFICATE ROOTSTORE SYSTEM CLOCK 9

10 The analysis: Looking beyond the radio link 1. Middleboxes deployment and behavior 2. IPv6 support 3. Layer 8: Infrastructure sharing and mobile virtual network operators (MVNO) 10

11 The IP core of cellular networks UE NODE B / RNC PDP Context (APN configuration) SGSN /S-GW GGSN /P-GW CONTROL PLANE DNS Resolver IP CORE PROXY /Cache DATA PLANE N A T INTERNET 11

12 The impact of network topology 3G 4G DNS Before CGN DNS After CGN Median DNS Lookup Time (ms) Inappropriate network deployment can double DNS lookup time 12

13 Hidden proxies on cellular networks DNS Proxy TCP:21 (FTP) TCP:22 (SSH) TCP:25 (SMTP) TCP:80 (HTTP) TCP:110 (POP3) TCP:143 (IMAP) TCP:443 (HTTPS) TCP:587 (SMTP) TCP:993 (TLS IMAP) TCP:995 (TLS POP3) TCP:1194 (VPN) TCP:1723 (PPTP VPN) TCP:5060 (SIP) TCP:6881 (TORRENT) TCP:9001 (TOR) Worldwide USA Percentage of operators

14 What are HTTP proxies actually doing? Header modification Content modification Header (*) forwarding HTTP header enforcement Non-HTTP traffic filters Worldwide USA Percentage of operators

15 Questions for you 11% of sessions on IPv6. It requires handset and network support (APN settings) Only 9 operators* in 6 countries: US, Canada, Poland, Italy, Australia, and Sweden No significant latency difference with IPv4 observed yet How is IPv6 transition done in practice and what issues does it cause? 15

16 but whose IP core? 16

17 Layer 8 Mobile network operators (MNO) vs. virtual mobile network operators (MVNO) Infrastructure sharing between MNOs: Reduce deployment costs Roaming implementations: Home routed vs. Local Breakout 17

18 A partial view of US cellular networks as seen by Netalyzr FAMILY MOBILE GO SMART VERIZON WDSPCo T-MOBILE SIMPLE MOBILE METRO PCS STRAIGHT TALK Hosted Data Solutions AT&T SPRINT BOOST TRACFONE VIRGIN REPUBLIC 18

19 Heterogeneous network properties Operator 1 (3G) Operator 2 (3G) Invalid Host Field DNS Proxy Header/Content Modification HTTP Enforcement Percentage of sessions Percentage of sessions Home Network Roaming 19

20 Lessons learnt Measuring mobile performance is a difficult multidimensional analysis Network properties, and services are not homogeneous even within a single operator Middleboxes can affect performance and bias serverside performance measurements: measure from the edge for fidelity Layer 8 must be taken into account: roaming implementations and types of MVNO define the IP core 20

21 Future Work Characterize mobile ecosystem (MNO and MVNO) at a global-scale Get better insight on business relationships and network sharing agreements Characterization of IP core: location of DNS resolvers and proxies and their implications IPv6 - IPv4 performance Impact of mobile infrastructure on CDN performance and cloud services 21

22 Try Netalyzr and tell us what you d like to know about your network narseo@icsi.berkeley.edu netalyzr-help@icsi.berkeley.edu 22

23 Mobile app design Front-end (ICSI) Back-ends (Amazon EC2) Android activity JSon - based report Background service 23

24 App reviews and feedback :) :( 24

25 MVNOs vs MNO 25

26 Netalyzr Facts (as of Sept. 2014) 1.4M total sessions executed in more than 170 countries Android version: 22K installs and 41K sessions executed Research outcome: Test-suite description and analysis of the state of the Internet [IMC 10] DNS interpositioning for error traffic monetization [USENIX FOCI 11] DNS status and performance [SATIN 11] UPnP vulnerabilities on home gateways and proxy deployments at a world-wide scale [PAM 12 and PAM 13] Analysis of Root certificates on Android handsets in the wild [CoNEXT 14] 26

27 Roaming implementations 1. HOME ROUTED: VISITING NETWORK PDP CONTEXT (APN SETTINGS) UE RNC enb CONTROL-PLANE SGSN S-GW HOME NETWORK BILLING AND AUTHENTICATION CONTROL-PLANE GGSN P-GW DNS Resolver Proxy IP CORE DATA-PLANE N A T PDN 2. LOCAL BREAKOUT: UE VISITING NETWORK PDP CONTEXT (APN SETTINGS) RNC enb SGSN S-GW GGSN P-GW DNS Resolver Proxy IP CORE DATA-PLANE N A T PDN CONTROL-PLANE HOME NETWORK BILLING AND AUTHENTICATION CONTROL-PLANE 27

28 and network deployment FREE (FR) T MOBILE (US) VERIZON (US) ORANGE (FR) BOUYGUES (FR) AT&T (US) SFR (FR) SPRINT (US) 3 (UK) VIRGIN (FR) T MOBILE (DE) SWISSCOM (CH) OTHERS FREE (FR) T MOBILE (US) METROPCS (US) ORANGE (FR) BOUYGUES (FR) AT&T (US) SFR (FR) SPRINT (US) BOOST (US) VIRGIN (US) VIRGIN (FR) JOE (FR) OTHERS G 4G CDMA Home Network MVNO/Roaming ED C D EDP ED C D EDP ED C D EDP TOPOLOGY Percentage of sessions per operator and 3GPP standard

29 The impact of network topology DNS Before CGN DNS After CGN ECDF G 4G Median DNS Lookup Time (ms) DNS lookup time for uncached names (ms) Inappropriate network topology can double DNS lookup time 29