Overcoming the Testing Challenges of 40G and Beyond. Eric Farst Channel Sales Manager

Transcription

1 Overcoming the Testing Challenges of 40G and Beyond Eric Farst Channel Sales Manager

2 Agenda Introduction Increased demand for speed & capacity in the Enterprise/Data Center How Enterprises/Data Centers are meeting the demand Fiber Infrastructure Understanding parallel optics & MPO connectivity Updates to fiber test standards MPO test scenarios (10G & beyond) Copper Infrastructure Why copper in today s data centers? Copper (10G & beyond) Testing/certifying copper for Category 8 and 40GBASE-T Summary

3 Introduction

4 Demand for Higher Speeds and More Data! Increased Users Broadband everywhere Increased Access Rates Multiple access schemes, WiFi, FTTH, LTE, WiMAX Increased Services Social media explosion, content on Internet Massive data requirements due to video traffic Google Cisco Visual Networking Index!

5 Google results

6 Can Data Center Supply Keep up with Demand New Server Updates to Physical Technologies Infrastructure Standards 10GBASE-T LAN on Motherboard (LOM) New breed of servers Parallel optics Higher frequency copper cabling Data Center Topologies Move from traditional 3-tier to leaf-spine More virtualization LAN/SAN convergence

7 Fiber Infrastructure

8 Fiber Infrastructure the Move to MPO Achieving 40/100 G on multimode fiber Use of parallel optics through QSFP/CFP transceivers and MPO arrays IEEE 40G BASE-SR4 Mostly multimode preferred for data center applications TIA 942-A requires use of OM3 Fiber 40G needs 8 ports of 12-fiber MPO array 100G needs 20 ports of 24-fiber MPO array (today) Parallel optics already in use for legacy (1/10G) via cassettes

9 What is MPO/MTP? Parallel optics more than one fiber per connector Typically 12, 24, 48 fibers MPO = Multi-Fiber Push On/Pull Off. Generic term MTP = Trademark of US Conec. Specific type of MPO connector Used for: Cable consolidation 12f backbone to: Cassettes for duplex connectivity MPO-LC harness for SAN Directors 40Gig Ethernet 100Gig Ethernet Being installed in data centers and other types of networks Work at 1/10G today with cassettes Simple transition path to 40G 100G also possible

10 Data Center Examples of MPO/Ribbon Fiber 6 1/10Gbps Ethernet Links 12 fiber MPO Link w/cassettes at either end Fiber consolidation and migration path SFP/SPF+ at each end 1/10/40/100Gbps Optical Ethernet Distribution Switching/Routing 4 10Gbps Ethernet Links SAN Switches 1/10/40Gbps Optical Ethernet Access Switching 8 fiber MPO Link w/cassette Fiber consolidation and migration path QSFP at switch SPF+ at server SAN Fiberchannel 1/10 Gbps Electrical/Optical Ethernet 40Gbps Ethernet Link Storage Servers 12 fiber MPO Link (8 fibers used) 12 fiber MPO Link (8 fibers used) QSFP at both ends

11 Ethernet Protocols that Require 40GBASE-SR4 ("short range") Ribbon Fiber A port type for multimode fiber and uses 850 nm lasers. It uses four lanes of multi-mode fiber delivering serialized data at a rate of Gbit/s per lane. Uses Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable (QSFP) hotpluggable transceivers 100GBASE-SR10 ("short range") A port type for multimode fiber and uses 850 nm lasers. It uses ten lanes of multi-mode mode fiber delivering serialized data at a rate of Gbit/s per lane. Uses C Form-factor Pluggable (CFP) The c stands for the Latin letter C used to express the number 100 (centum) 100GBASE-SR4 is being worked on by IEEE 4 lanes each at ~25Gbit/s Text and Image from Wikipedia

12 Polarity and Gender

13 MPO Polarity

14 Update in Fiber Testing Standards Fiber Standards recently updated or in process ISO ISO/IEC TIA TIA Addresses the issue of uncertainty in loss measurements Recommends 3 test cord reference method for channel measurements Recommends 1 test cord reference method for permanent link measurements Requires end-faces be clean in accordance with IEC Requires Encircled Flux test set transmitter launch

15 Specific Testing Issues for 40G Polarity Issues (Ribbon/MPO) Fiber Three types of standard MPO cords in the market, causing a lot of confusion Need for a graphical tool to provide wiremap like features Interoperability between 10G->40G links Most installations use break-out cables/cassettes to get 10G links Test Instrument should be able to support LC on one end and MPO on other Gender Male (w/pins) and female (w/o pins) Test cord gender must match system under test gender Insertion Loss Maximum permissible loss of 1.9 db (40GBASE-SR4 Channel) Connector loss is critical

16 Single Fiber vs. Multi-Fiber Connectors SINGLE FIBER CONNECTOR MULTI-FIBER CONNECTOR White ceramic ferrule Polymer ferrule One fiber per connector Common types include SC, LC, FC, and ST Multiple fibers in linear array (for example, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72) in single connector providing high-density connectivity Common type is MPO or MTP

17 Anatomy of a 12-fiber Multimode MPO Connector The MPO fiber connector has 4 major areas: Fiber Ferrule Alignment pins/sockets Polarity key Key Fibers Polymer Ferrule Alignment pins/sockets 12 Fiber MultiMode Connector (Female)

18 Focused on the Connection Adapter MPO Male MPO Female

19 Focused on the Connection Physical Contact The Physical Contact area is the critical joining point in the fiber network. If there is not a clean physical connection, the light path is disrupted d and the connection is compromised.

20 Top-view Cross Section 12 Fiber MPO - Clean Physical Contact Example of Clean Connection (no contamination)

21 Top-view Cross Section 12 Fiber MPO Dirty Air Gap Particle Dirt Example of Dirty Connection (contamination causing air gaps, back reflection, insertion loss) Dirt Back Reflection Insertion Loss 12

22 Inspect Before You Connect sm Follow this simple INSPECT BEFORE YOU CONNECT process to ensure fiber end faces are clean prior to mating connectors.

23 IEC Sets Requirements for Connector Quality Even for MPO! CLADDING Zone CORE Zone Multimode MPO Connectors

24 Inspect and Clean Both Connectors in Pair! Inspecting BOTH sides of the connection is the ONLY WAY to ensure that it will be free of contamination and defects. Patch Cord ( Male ) Inspection Bulkhead ( Female ) Inspection Patch cords are easy to access and view compared to the fiber inside the bulkhead, which is frequently overlooked. The bulkhead side may only be half of the connection, but it is far more likely to be dirty and problematic.

25 Inspect ALL fibers in a Multi-Fiber Connector!

26 What Other Tests Need to be Polarity Checks Performed? Type A cord Type B adapter Type B cord =???!!! Test from MPO to simplex (SC/LC) Insertion loss measurement Need to be able to perform reference Loss per fiber with Pass/Fail Power measurements on live systems

27 Check Polarity for Fiber Map For existing installations, i the endto-end polarity is often not known Fiber Map shows the polarity of the system or trunk

28 Test Scenario 1: MPO to MPO MPO Bulkhead MPO Trunk MPO Bulkhead MPO Test Reference Cords Tester with MPO RX Tester with MPO TX Easiest way to test Test permanent link trunks Test 40G channels Ensure polarity and loss

29 Test Scenario 2: MPO to Single Fiber MPO Cassette MPO Trunk MPO Bulkhead Tester with MMF RX MMF Test Reference Cord MPO Test Reference Cord Tester with MPO TX One end MPO source Other end simplex power meter Testing from MPO to Fanouts or Cassettes End-to-end trunks for 10G to QSFP Fiber Map from MPO to LC/SC

30 Test Scenario 3: Any Source to MPO MPO Bulkhead MPO Trunk Bulkhead Tester with MPO RX MPO Test Reference Cord Any Source One end MPO power meter Other end any source Fault isolation Testing output power from 40G optics

31 Test Scenario 4: 100G Testing Using Array Testing 24 fiber MPO Trunks Use Array or Y cable 24 fiber MPO to 2x 12 fiber MPO 100Gbps Ethernet Link 20 fiber MPO Link CXP at both ends

32 Test Scenario 5: Selected Channels Can apply to any of the above scenarios Allows selection of which of the 12 channels are active At the Remote (TX) and at the Local (RX) Helps in cases when 8 or fewer fibers are present in MPO links (40GBASE- SR4) Results reflect topology No unwanted fails due to nonexistent channels

33 Things to Remember for Loss Reference first! Measurements Connector gender may require three cord reference test method Three cord reference test method is recommended for channel testing (plugs at both ends) Check the reference! Set limit Network or Custom (db) Auto-Test Makes it Easy!

34 Auto-Test Results Loss and Fiber Map

35 Copper Infrastructure

36 Why Does Anyone Want Copper in the Data Center? Backwards compatible with other BASE-T technologies Auto-negotiate Migration path vs. forklift upgrade Potentially cheaper than fiber Installation Maintenance Uses a well-known and understood media Category 6A for 10GBASE-T Power over Ethernet Wireless Access Points

37 Where is 10GBASE-T Today? Major network equipment vendors have added 10GBASE-T switches to their offerings Servers now come with 10GBASE-T on the motherboard Copper has always been the cheapest way to connect servers Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) has significantly lowered to power Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) has significantly lowered to power requirements and allowed a low-power mode

38 Copper Moving Beyond 10G Achieving 40G in copper is needed because Servers of the future will require this speed of connectivity Large datacenters are connecting servers at 40G today using fiber 40G over copper standard does exist today 40GBASE-CR4 < 7m (used within racks) Occupies a lot of space per Gbps compared to BASE-T But most commonly used lengths are between 10 m and 30 m Evolving CAT8/40GBASE-T standards support 30 m (EoR)

39 TIA/IEEE Working Groups TR42.7 is the TIA engineering sub-committee responsible for copper cabling Since Feb 2011 it has been working to develop a new category of cabling to support future applications beyond 10GBASE-T This new category of cabling will be called Category 8 and it will operate up to 2000 GHz A liaison has been established with the IEEE Next Generation BASE-T study group The IEEE has formed a Next Generation BASE-T study group 40GBASE-T (802.3bq) This group is meeting every month to get this standard ratified quickly Preserve existing Ethernet frame structure and min/max frame sizes Auto-Negotiate to lower Ethernet speeds

40 Upcoming Category 8 Standard Likely to be available by 2015 Will allow an RJ45 connector Supports 30m of 40GBASE-T Specified to 2000 MHz Shielded cable required Primarily targeted at Datacenter markets with smaller channel length requirement Many limits are already defined Please note this standard is not ratified yet, but very much on its way.

41 Testing/Certification of Copper Cabling ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-C.2 standard requires that installations be field tested to ensure the cabling system (as installed) meets the performance characteristics of a given category Many cable vendors provide warranties on cable installations only if installations are certified according to these specifications Many customers of cabling contractors insist on documented test results

42 What is Field Tester Accuracy? Defined in ISO/IEC /Ed. 2 TIA 1152 ISO draft Level V is for Class FA (1000 MHz) TIA 1152 Level IIIe is for Category 6A (500 MHz) expect 2000 MHz Level VIII Defines baseline, link and channel accuracy of a field tester in comparison with a network analyzer for various parameters Ensures that cable certifiers are precise with minimal internal noise that would impact actual measurements Typically independent verification of Level V and Level IIIe accuracy is required

43 Certifying Category 8 Frequency of Testing Should be capable of certifying cables up to 2 GHz (at least) Accuracy of Field Tester TIA-1182 Speed of Testing With the increase in frequency test times should not be inordinate Legacy testers take 25 s for CAT 6A (500 MHz)

44 Summary Data consumption has exploded in the past few years Everything in Enterprise/Data Centers is NEW Servers / Topologies / Standards / Infrastructure New fiber infrastructures built around MPO connectivity Supports 1G / 10G / 40G / 100G 40/100G TODAY) Specific Testing Issues (Polarity / Interoperability / Loss Budgets) Inspect Before You Connect Critical for MPO! Copper is at Cat6A for 10Gbps TODAY Moving to higher h categories and dfaster speeds Category 8 (2000MHz) & 40GBASE-T Today s Enterprise/Data Center test tools must be able to: Test BOTH Fiber & Copper Support the latest standards and best practices Test 1G / 10G / 40G / 100G applications

45 Thank-You!