Lightning Protection and Grounding Solutions for Wireless Networks

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Cornelius Ford
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1 Lightning Protection and Grounding Solutions for Wireless Networks

2 Aircraft launching step leader 2 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

3 Lightning Protection 101 Why is lightning protection needed? Everything is grounded, right? Not entirely.. About 70% of the energy propagates on the shield (grounded) About 30% of the energy can go down the center conductor to the radio equipment So what do we do about the center conductor? Use in-line lightning protectors What do these do? Destroy the energy? Absorb the energy? Divert the energy? 3 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

4 Lightning Protection 101 What do we want in-line protectors to do during a lightning strike? Turn on quickly Let through as little voltage and energy as possible What do we want them to do after a lightning strike? Turn off quickly Continue to protect the equipment (not fail) 4 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

5 Lightning Protection 101 What do we want them to do when there is no lightning? Nothing, we want them to be electrically invisible and non-disruptive to the transmission of RF Pass through RF at the operating frequency How do we do that? We design and manufacture them to operate with: Low insertion loss Low return loss (VSWR) Low Passive Intermodulation (PIM) 5 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

6 Lightning Protection 101 What about proper grounding of wireless systems? That s a whole other subject.. Radial and Ground Rod System Radials with ground rods extending out from the tower base, form a fast transient low resistance ground system for a single point ground coaxial cable entry panel. When rods are placed along radials with other rods, a capacitive plate is simulated for a more efficient transfer of energy into the earth. 6 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

7 RF Protection Technologies Performance Overview 7 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

LP-BTR Series DC blocked (20-1000MHz) LP-BTR-NFF LP-BTR-NMP LP-BTR-NMS N Female/Female N Male on Protected N Male on Surge DC blocked design Multi-strike capability Broad band performance up to 1GHz

8 LP-BTR Series DC blocked ( MHz) LP-BTR-NFF LP-BTR-NMP LP-BTR-NMS N Female/Female N Male on Protected N Male on Surge DC blocked design Multi-strike capability Broad band performance up to 1GHz Exceptional RF characteristics Universal bulkhead and flange mounting Elongated Female connectors Weatherization gasket included Solid Brass design / White Bronze plating Phosphor Bronze center pin construction Silver plated center pin Insertion Loss: < 0.1dB Return Loss: <-26dB VSWR: <1.1:1 Energy throughput: <200uJ 8 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

9 LP-BTR Series Applications LP-BTR-NFF N Female/Female LP-BTR-NMP N Male on Protected LP-BTR-NMS N Male on Surge Potential customers and market segments Applications requiring ( MHz) band DC blocked for surge performance Oil/Gas Electric Utilities SCADA Automation Air Traffic Control Public Safety Security Railroads - Transportation 9 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

LP-STR-D series DC blocked (800-2500MHz) LP-STR-DFF DIN Female/Female LP-STR-DMP DIN Male on Protected LP-STR-DMS DIN Male on Surge Fully weatherized body to IP67 Broadband RF performance

10 LP-STR-D series DC blocked ( MHz) LP-STR-DFF DIN Female/Female LP-STR-DMP DIN Male on Protected LP-STR-DMS DIN Male on Surge Fully weatherized body to IP67 Broadband RF performance Multi-strike capability Maintenance free design Maximum surge current: 50kA Throughput voltage: 440mV Throughput energy: 700pJ 900/1900/2100MHz: <-160dBc Insertion Loss: < 0.1dB Return Loss: <-26dB 10 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

LP-STR-N Series DC Blocked (800-2500MHz) LP-STR-NFF N Female/Female LP-STR-NMP N Male on Protected

Maintenance free design Maximum surge current: 50kA Throughput voltage: 440mV Throughput energy: 700pJ PIM@

11 LP-STR-N Series DC Blocked ( MHz) LP-STR-NFF N Female/Female LP-STR-NMP N Male on Protected LP-STR-NMS N Male on Surge Fully weatherized body to IP67 Broadband RF performance Multi-strike capability Maintenance free design Maximum surge current: 50kA Throughput voltage: 440mV Throughput energy: 700pJ PIM@ 900/1900/2100MHz: <-160dBc Insertion Loss: < 0.1dB Return Loss: <-26dB 11 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

LP-STRL-D series DC Blocked (680-2200MHz) LP-STR-DFF DIN Female/Female LP-STR-DMP DIN Male on Protected LP-STR-DMS DIN Male on Surge Fully weatherized body to IP67 Broadband RF performance

12 LP-STRL-D series DC Blocked ( MHz) LP-STR-DFF DIN Female/Female LP-STR-DMP DIN Male on Protected LP-STR-DMS DIN Male on Surge Fully weatherized body to IP67 Broadband RF performance Multi-strike capability Maintenance free design Maximum surge current: 50kA Throughput voltage: 440mV Throughput energy: 700pJ 900/1900/2100MHz: <-160dBc Insertion Loss: < 0.1dB Return Loss: <-26dB 12 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

LP-STRL-N series DC Blocked (680-2200MHz) LP-STR-NFF N Female/Female LP-STR-NMP N Male on Protected LP-STR-NMS N Male on Surge Fully weatherized body to IP67 Broadband RF performance Multi-strike

13 LP-STRL-N series DC Blocked ( MHz) LP-STR-NFF N Female/Female LP-STR-NMP N Male on Protected LP-STR-NMS N Male on Surge Fully weatherized body to IP67 Broadband RF performance Multi-strike capability Maintenance free design Maximum surge current: 50kA Throughput voltage: 440mV Throughput energy: 700pJ PIM@ 900/1900/2100MHz: <-160dBc Insertion Loss: < 0.1dB Return Loss: <-26dB 13 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

Potential customers and market segments Network Operators Carriers OEMs Public Safety 700MHz spectrum LTE

14 LP-STRL- Series Applications LP-STRL-NFF N Female/Female LP-STRL-NMP N Male on Protected LP-STRL-NMS N Male on Surge LP-STRL-DFF DIN Female/Female LP-STRL-DMP DIN Male on Protected LP-STRL-DMS DIN Male on Surge Potential customers and market segments Network Operators Carriers OEMs Public Safety 700MHz spectrum LTE (Long Term Evolution) Low PIM requirements DC blocking applications 14 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

15 Times-Protect PIM Test Data (LP-STR and LP-STRL series) 15 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

16 Competitor Brand Ultra Low PIM protector 16 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

Multi strike capability Fully weatherized to

17 DC Pass product family Applications requiring power Broadband design Bi-directional operation Multi strike capability Fully weatherized to IP67 17 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

18 LP-GTR-D Series DC pass (DC-2500MHz) LP-GTR-DFF/23/35 LP-GTR-DFM/23/35 DIN Female/Female DIN Female/Male Fully weatherized body to IP67 Broadband RF performance Multi-strike capability Bi-directional operation 90Vdc turn on (50 Watts) 230Vdc turn on (210 Watts) 350Vdc turn on (550 Watts) White Bronze plated body Phosphor Bronze center pin Silver plated center pin Insertion Loss: < 0.2dB Return Loss: <-26dB 18 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

19 LP-GTR-N Series DC Pass (DC-3000MHz) LP-GTR-NFF/23 N Female/Female LP-GTR-NFM/23 N Female/Male Fully weatherized body to IP67 Broadband RF performance Multi-strike capability Bi-directional operation 90Vdc turn on voltage (50 Watts) 230Vdc turn on voltage (210 Watts) White Bronze plated body Phosphor Bronze center pin Silver plated center pin Insertion Loss: < 0.25dB Return Loss: <-26dB 19 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

LP-GTR Series Applications LP-GTR-NFF/23 N Female/Female LP-GTR-NFM/23 N Female/Male LP-GTR-DFF/23/35 DIN Female/Female LP-GTR-DFM/23/35 DIN Female/Male Universal Grounding Mounting Bracket included

20 LP-GTR Series Applications LP-GTR-NFF/23 N Female/Female LP-GTR-NFM/23 N Female/Male LP-GTR-DFF/23/35 DIN Female/Female LP-GTR-DFM/23/35 DIN Female/Male Universal Grounding Mounting Bracket included with every GTR Series Device Potential customers and market segments GPS receiver Tower Mounted Electronics DC pass requirements for 50/210/550Watts Universal right angle bracket adaptor included 20 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

21 Universal mounting and grounding bracket LP-BFDN-CW 21 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

22 The preferred method for product recommendation is by obtaining the actual network operating data as opposed to competitor part number as cross-ref. There are many overlaps in competitive products which might otherwise disqualify our parts, even though our products could satisfy customer requirements. 22 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

23 Times-Protect new Products coming.. LP-WBX-NFF/NMP/NMS Series (2-6GHz operation) LP-GPX-05-NFF/NFM L1, L2 &L3 GPS Protector (1-2GHz) Times-Protect Product Selection Calculator 23 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

24 LP-WBX-NFF/NMP/NMS (2-6GHz operation) 24 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

25 LP-GPX-05-NFF & NFM (1-2GHz - L1, L2 & L3 GPS Protector) 25 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

LP-WBX-NFF LP-WBX-NMP LP-WBX-NMS User voltage: 5Vdc Voltage throughput: <12Vpk Energy

26 Surge Performance Data for LP-GPX and LP-WBX Series at 6kV/3kA (1.2x50/8x20us) wave-shape LP-GPX-05-NFF LP-GPX-05-NFM Bidirectional operation LP-WBX-NFF LP-WBX-NMP LP-WBX-NMS User voltage: 5Vdc Voltage throughput: <12Vpk Energy throughput: <110uJ Voltage throughput: <2Vpk Energy throughput: <150nJ 26 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

Product Type Product Selection Matrix LP-BTR-N (20-1000MHz) DC blocked N type SCADA, LMR, Utilities, Public Safety, Oil, Gas LP-STR-D & N Series (800-2500MHz) DC blocked DIN & N type Cellular

27 Product Type Product Selection Matrix LP-BTR-N ( MHz) DC blocked N type SCADA, LMR, Utilities, Public Safety, Oil, Gas LP-STR-D & N Series ( MHz) DC blocked DIN & N type Cellular Carriers LP-STRL- D & N Series ( MHz) DC blocked DIN & N, type LTE, 700MHz Public Safety Spectrum, Cellular Carriers LP-WBX-N Series ( MHz) DC blocked Broadband Wireless LP-GPX-N ( MHz) N type (5V) - L1, L2 &L3 Band GPS Protector LP-GTR-N Series LP-GTR-D Series DC-3000MHz DC pass N type (50/210 Watts) DC-2500MHz DC pass DIN type (50/210/550 Watts) Smart Panel & Grounding Accessories f (MHz)

28 Times Protect CROSS REFERENCE POLYPHASER Times-Protect TIMES-PROTECT ADVANTAGES NOTES IS-B50LN-C2 IS-B50NX-C2 IS-NEMP-C2 IS-B50LN-C2-MA IS-50NX-C2-MA IS-NEMP-C2-MA IS-B50LN-C2-ME IS-50NX-C2-ME IS-NEMP-C2-ME LP-BTR50NFF LP-BTR50NMS LP-BTR50NMP 1. Lower Insertion Loss and Return Loss 2. Broader operating frequency minimizes number of parts in inventory and easier application selection. 3. Solid brass body vs. aluminum 4. White bronze body plating vs. aluminum Universal mounting bracket for bulkhead and flange included. Self captivated screws in the bracket allow for any orientation (flange, bulkhead) DSXL DSXLMA DSXLME LP-STRNFF LP-STRNMS LP-STRNMP 1. Broader frequency range ( MHz vs MHz) 2. Much lower energy throughput (700pJ vs. <0.5uJ) 3. Better PIM <-160dBc at 900/1800/2100MHz vs. non-published 4. Much higher surge current rating 50kA (as tested) vs. 20KA for PPC 5. Much higher RF 500W vs. 300W for PPC 6. Weatherization (body) to IP67 vs. IP65 for PPC DSXL-D DSXL-D-MA DSXL-D-ME LP-STRDFF LP-STRDMS LP-STRDMP Broader frequency range ( MHz vs MHz) Much lower energy throughput (700pJ vs. <0.5uJ) Better PIM <-160dBc at 900/1800/2100MHz vs. non-published Much higher surge current rating 100kA (as tested) vs. 30KA for PPC Much higher RF 700W vs. 500W for PPC Weatherization (body) to IP67 vs. IP65 for PPC GT-DFF-AL GT-DFM-AL LP-GTRDFF LP-GTRDFM Weatherization (body) to IP67 vs. IP65 for PPC Solid brass body vs. aluminum White bronze plating vs. aluminum Replaceable protection component vs. non-replaceable with PPC PPC may be lower cost due to nonreplaceable design and aluminum construction. RGT RGT-ME LP-GTRNFF LP-GTRNFM Broader frequency range (DC-3000MHz vs. DC-2400MHz) for N type Weatherization (body) to IP67 vs. IP65 for PPC Solid brass body White bronze plating Phosphor bronze silver plated center pin This comparison is for the replaceable design from PPC, not the aluminum N type. 28 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

29 Smart-Panel LP-SP-12N LP-SP-12D LP-SP-24N LP-SP-24D Lightning Protector Feed-through LP-FT-DFDF DIN Plug LP-DP 29 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

30 Smart-Panel Exterior View Nothing to steal here!!!!! 30 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

31 Damage and Fix External grounding after theft The high impedance fix 31 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

maintenance Proposed method: Addresses theft issue Does not require external shield grounding kits Makes provisions for

32 External view of traditional method and Smart-Panel Solution Traditional method consisting of: High material and labor cost Lack of provisions for other service entries Theft exposure Very high impedance return path to ground High preventative maintenance Proposed method: Addresses theft issue Does not require external shield grounding kits Makes provisions for Coax/EWG/Data/DC and fiber Minimal labor cost All prep work performed at the shelter manufacturer 32 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

Interior view of traditional method and Smart-Panel Solution RF Protectors Bulkhead mounted 2/0 Conductors to ground Traditional method: Requires separate Inside MGB (IMGB) Trapeze or

method: All RF protectors bulkhead mounted for best surge performance Assembly accommodates different wall thickness Provisions for grounding of all protectors to the same SPG Low

33 Interior view of traditional method and Smart-Panel Solution RF Protectors Bulkhead mounted 2/0 Conductors to ground Traditional method: Requires separate Inside MGB (IMGB) Trapeze or other method to ground SPDs Performance affected by long ground wires High impedance IMGB ground conductor Single point ground by installation High ground loop probability Propose method: All RF protectors bulkhead mounted for best surge performance Assembly accommodates different wall thickness Provisions for grounding of all protectors to the same SPG Low impedance ground path for lightning current Control of MGB potential rise due to low L of assembly Accommodates for additional equipment mounting 33 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

34 Ground lead considerations for installation of RF protectors Applied surge wave-shape 6KV/3KA (8X20us) Bulkhead mounted SPD without added ground L Surge return directly connected to protector ground Effects of 1.5 ft ground lead inductance of #1 AWG Cu wire Voltage and energy throughput drastically increases +25.6V, -9.2V +544V, -176V Su rge Gen er ator + - Ce nte r Pin DUT Chassis Ground Voltage Measured at O-scope Surge Generator + - Center Pin DUT Ground Inductance Voltage Measured at O- sco pe Note: The length of the grounding conductor connected to any lightning protection device has a major effect on the protector performance as illustrated by the above test. Leadless/Bulkhead installation technique for RF lightning protection devices will eliminate this additive voltage and energy throughput to the protected equipment 34 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

35 Benefits of new design approach Single point grounding accomplished by design 30 Degree RF feeder entries create natural drip-line Accommodates up to 24 RF feeder cables, wave guide, data, telemetry, DC and fiber entries Impedance and inductance controlled through geometry of design. Provisions for installation of LP Devices to create true single point grounding Materials: C110 copper or Al 6061-T6 No external coax ground kits required eliminating potential water ingress Theft proof design Weatherized to IP-67 Protection voltage during strike much lower than designs using long ground conductors Adjustable to shelter wall thickness Provisions for lightning strike counter and ground resistance monitor with remote alarms Allows installation of multiple lightning protectors on the same ground reference plain 35 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

36 Products Value-engineered designs Times-Protect offers.. Equal or better performance at a better price Broadband Low PIM performance Superior materials and design Rigid manufacturing tolerances Superior Grounding Solutions (Smart-Panel) Support Technical sales and applications engineering expertise Customer visits Engineering seminars on grounding & lightning protection for wireless networks Publications 36 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

37 Comments, Discussion and Questions 37 / TMS Times standard PowerPoint Template /

Lightning Protection for Wireless Networks

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