KISSsys Instruction 905, Rev. 0

Transcription

1 KISSsys Instruction 905, Rev. 0 Different basic modelling techniques KISSsoft AG Uetzikon Hombrechtikon Switzerland Tel: Fax: info@kisssoft.ag

2 1 Document information 1.1 Document change record Revision Date Author Comments HD Original document 1.2 Table of content 1 Document information Document change record Table of content References Introduction Requirements Scope of model Conventions Mixing the modelling techniques Basic settings in KISSsys What is where Recommendations Building the model using templates Introduction Modelling of machine elements Connections Calculations Power input and output Building the model using icons Introduction Modelling of machine elements Connections Calculations Power input and output Building the model using Assistant Introduction Modelling of machine elements and calculations Adding connections and gear calculations Power input and output Building the model using Elements box Introduction Modelling of the group GB and the shafts Modelling of the connections, gear calculations and power input and output References [1] Tutorial 2 / 30

3 2 Introduction 2.1 Requirements Make sure that you have worked through the first tutorial, [1] before you go through this document. 2.2 Scope of model In this document, we will look at the modelling on KISSsys level. We will not add gear or shaft data to the model. So, the scope of the model is a) the schematic b) the tree structure. Let us model first a simple two stage parallel shaft gearbox as shown below Three shafts, s1, s2, s3 Two bearings on each shaft, b1 to b6 Pinion z1 on shaft s1 Gear z2 on shaft s2, pinion z3 on shaft s2 Gear z4 on shaft s3 Input coupling cin on shaft s1 Output coupling cout on shaft s3 Mesh z1z2 connects pinion z1 to gear z2 Mesh z3z4 connects pinion z3 to gear z4 Figure Two stage helical gearbox 2.3 Conventions In this document, we use the following conventions z stands for a gear s stands for a shaft c stands for a coupling b stands for a bearing The element names are followed by a number to identify them as per the above plan Connections connecting two machine elements get a name that is the result of the two names of the two machine elements put together. E.g. if a connection is connecting z1 to z2, then, the connection name is z1z Mixing the modelling techniques Below, we will se four different modelling techniques to build a model. Note that you can mix the different modelling techniques anytime. 3 / 30

4 2.5 Basic settings in KISSsys Note that for all four modelling approaches require that you are in administrator mode. For this, press or go to menu or press Alt+A. Note that the settings in KISSsys should be such that whenever an element is added to the model, KISSsys asks the user to enter the element name manually. To make sure this is the case, choose menu Extras/Settings. Go to tab Elements and press All questions : Figure Settings so that whenever an element is added to the model, the user is requested to assign a name (names are not automatically assigned by KISSsys). 2.6 What is where We will be using four different modelling techniques. 1) Using the templates 2) Using the icons / icon bars 3) Using the assistant 4) Using the elements box In KISSsys (once you are in administrator mode), they can be found here: 4 / 30

5 Assistant Elements box Icons / icon bar left and icon bar right Templates Figure Locating the four different modelling techniques options inside the KISSsys window 2.7 Recommendations 1) Plan your model before you start building the model. Means: make a sketch as shown in Figure Assign all names in this plan. This will greatly accelerate your modelling and reduce the risk of failure. This is the most important step in building the model! 2) Try out all techniques. 3) The more complex the transmission, the more likely it is that the technique using icons is the fastest as you directly work in the schematic. 5 / 30

6 3 Building the model using templates 3.1 Introduction This is the traditional way of modelling and the most general approach. It should be mastered by all KISSsys users as it is the most versatile approach even if it is not always the fastest. Once you activate administrator mode, you will see that the default templates are opened (figure below, left). Alternatively, you may open the default templates in the menu File/Open templates Figure Left: default templates, opened automatically once administrator mode is active. Right: opening templates through menu File Note the structure of the default template: Tables contain predefined tables (they look like an Excel sheet) where data (e.g. gear data) for all elements in the KISSsys model are shown as an overview. Also, empty table is available, allowing the user to create his own user interface. In ksoftcalculations, the KISSsoft calculations are listed. Note that there are two subfolders. Use withsystem. ksys2dplot this is an element to present data as a 2D plot. ksys3dview is an element to display a 3D graphics of the model. ksyscasing allows you to define a box or a cylinder or to import CAD data into the 3D view of the model ksysconstraints are connections between different elements, e.g. to connect two gears to create a mesh. ksyselement are the different maschine elements like shafts, bearings, gears, couplings and so on that make up the gearbox. ksysgroup is the element to organize your model into groups. Also, if you use coaxial shafts, put them in a group. ksysspeedorforce are the boundary condiitions or input and output points in your model where speed and torque values can be assigned, e.g. to define a power source / a motor as an input. ksystable is a generic table definition for the user to program his own 6 / 30

7 table, for experienced users ksystext is a text box that you may want to add to your model to take notes or to describe your model Figure Elements in the templates 3.2 Modelling of machine elements First we add a group to the model. In the tree structure, select ksysgroup. Then, use the left mouse button to drag the group into the schematic. Assign a name GB Figure Drag ksysgroup from Templates to Diagram. Figure Assign name "GB" to the group Now, we add three shafts s1, s2 and s3 into the group GB. For this, select ksysshaft in the templates and use left mouse to drag it into the group GB in the diagram. Repeat this three times and assign the shaft names: 7 / 30

8 Figure Drag the shaft element ksysshaft three times from the templates into the group GB Figure Left: Assign shaft names. Right: resulting tree structure in Model. Now we add the gears on the shafts. In the templates, select ksyshelicalgear. Use left mouse button to move the gear element once onto shaft s1, twice onto shaft s2 and once onto shaft s3. Figure Drag the gear element ksyshelicalgear from the templates onto the shafts s1, s2, s3. Figure Left: assign gear names. Right: resulting tree structure in Model. Now, add the bearings. In the templates, select ksysrollerbearing. Use left mouse button to drag it two times on shaft s1, two times onto shaft s2 and two times onto shaft s3. Each time you drop a bearing onto a shaft, you will be asked to assign a bearing name. 8 / 30

9 Figure Drag the element ksysrollerbearing three times onto each shaft. Figure Left: assign bearing name. Right: resulting tree structure Now, we add a coupling on the input shaft and one on the output shaft. For this, select the coupling ksyscoupling in the template. Use left mouse to drag it onto shaft s1 and drop it. Assign the name cin. Do the same again to drop a coupling onto the shaft s3 and assign the name cout. Figure Drag and drop the element ksyscoupling once onto the shaft s1 and once onto the shaft s2 9 / 30

10 Figure Left: assign name to the couplings. Right: resulting tree structure. 3.3 Connections Now, we connect the pinion z1 and the gear z2 as well as the pinion z3 to the gear z4. For this, select ksysgearpairconstraint in the templates and use left mouse to drag and drop it into the group GB. Do this two times. Once you drop the connection into the group GB, you have to assign a name to the connection (use z1z2 for the first mesh and z3z4 for the second mesh) and you have to define which two gears are to be connected. Figure Drag and drop the connection ksysgearpairconstraint twice into the group GB Figure Left: Assign a name to the connection. Right: define which two gears are to be connected. 10 / 30

11 Figure Resulting tree structure 3.4 Calculations To add a calculation, in the model, arrange the window Templates and the window Model next to each other. Then, drag the calculation HelicalGearPair from Templates onto the gear pair connection in the Model. Drag the calculation HelicalGearPair once onto the connection z1z2 and drop it. Assign the name z1z2 to the calculation (note that the connection and the calculation both may use the same name). Then, repeat the process for z3z4. Figure Drag and drop the calculation HelicalGearPair from the Templates onto the connections in the Model. 11 / 30

12 Figure 3.4-2Left: Assign name to the calculation. Right: Resulting tree structure in Model. Finally, drag the shaft calculations from the left side icon bar onto each shaft s1, s2 and s3. Drop the shaft calculation and name it also s1, s2, s3. So, we use the same name for the shaft itself (the machine element / the physical object) and for the calculation. Of course, you could also use another name for the calculation, e.g. calcs1. The advantage of using such a name is that it may be more easy to understand. Figure Drag and drop of shaft calculations onto the shafts 3.5 Power input and output Finally, drag the power input or output element ksysspeedorforce from the Templates to the Diagram and drop it outside of the group GB. Do this twice, assign the names Input and Output. Connect the Input to the coupling cin on shaft s1 and connect the Output to the coupling cout on shaft s4. 12 / 30

13 Figure Drag and drop the power input / output ksysspeedorforce twice from the Templates to the Diagram. Drop it outside of the group GB. Figure Left: connect the Input to the coupling cin. We assign a speed and torque value. Right: connect the Output to the coupling cout. We do not define a speed or torque, it will be calculated. We may now run the kinematic calculation. 13 / 30

14 4 Building the model using icons 4.1 Introduction This is the fastest and most convenient way to model a system and is strongly recommended. On the right side of the KISSsys window, you will find all the icons that can be dragged directly into the Diagram. On the left side of the KISSsys window, you will find the icons that you should drag and drop directly into the Model in the tree structure. 4.2 Modelling of machine elements First, drag and drop the symbol (group) into the Diagram and assign the name GB similar to above. Figure Left: Drag and drop the group from the right side icons into the Diagram and assign the name GB. Right: resulting tree structure in Model. Now drag and drop the symbol name s1, s2 and s3. (shaft) into the group GB in the Diagram three times. Assign the Figure Left: drag and drop the shaft element from the right side icons into the group GB in the diagram three times, assign the names s1, s2 and s3. Right: resulting tree strucure in Model. 14 / 30

15 Now drag and drop the symbol (cylindrical gear) once onto the shaft s1, twice onto shaft s2 and once onto shaft s3. Assign the names z1, z2, z3 and z4. Figure Left: drag and drop the gear element from the right side icons onto the shafts. Right: resulting tree structure in Model. Now drag and drop the icon the names b1 to b6. (roller bearing) from the right side icons two times on each shaft. Assign Figure Left: Drag and drop the roller bearing icon from right side icons twice on each shaft. Right: resulting model in Model. Now, drag and drop the icon (coupling) from the right side icons once onto shaft s1 and once onto shaft s3. When you drop it onto s1, assign the name cin. When you drop the second one onto shaft s3, assign the name cout. 15 / 30

16 Figure Left: drag and drop the coupling element once onto the input shaft and once onto the output shaft. Right: resulting tree structure. Now, all machine elements are present in the group GB. 4.3 Connections Drag and drag and drop the gear pair connection symbol twice into the group GB. When you drop it, assign the names z1z2 for the connection representing the first stage mesh and z3z4 for the connection representing the second stage mesh. Also, define which gears should be connected. Figure Left: drag and drop the gear pair connection two times into the group GB. Right: resulting tree structure. Figure Left: Connection for first stage, z1z2, connecting the pinion z1 to the gear z2. Right: connection for the second stage, z3z4, connecting the pinion z3 to the gear z4. 16 / 30

17 4.4 Calculations Until now, we took the icons from the right side icons bar. Now, to add the calculations to the connections, drag and drop the gear pair calculation from the left side icons bar. Drag and drop the symbol (gear pair calculation) onto the two connections z1z2 and z3z4. Once you drop the calculation, assign the name z1z2 and z3z4. Figure Left: drag and drop the gear pair calculation from left side icons bar onto the connections z1z2 and z3z4. Right: resulting model. 4.5 Power input and output Drag and drop the Input / Output element, symbol from the right side icon bar into the Diagram. Figure 4.5-1Left: Drag and drop the power input / output ksysspeedorforce twice from the Templates to the Diagram. Drop it outside of the group GB. Right: resulting model 17 / 30

18 Figure Left: connect the Input to the coupling cin. We assign a speed and torque value. Right: connect the Output to the coupling cout. We do not define a speed or torque, it will be calculated. 18 / 30

19 5 Building the model using Assistant 5.1 Introduction The assistant is helpful for simple cases. It is similar to a wizard, giving some guidance to the user. It is started by pressing or by selecting. Select paralle shaft asssitance for our example: Figure Select Parallel shafts assistant. Note that the symbols available in the assistant will change depending on the status of your model. When you use the assistant, we should model shaft by shaft. This means we will first add the shaft s1 to the group GB and then we add all elements that belong to the shaft s1. Note The icon The icon allows you to undo the last step. will move you one level higher in the tree structure On top of the window, you are seeing your current position. All elements that you select will be placed here. When you use the, your position changes, e.g. from to 19 / 30

20 You can also see your current position (the place where the machine elements you click will be placed) in the tree structure, it is highlighted: Current position is now the group GB : Once you add a shaft to the group GB, your position changes and the shaft is automatically selected:. Once you press the button, the next higher level is active. 5.2 Modelling of machine elements and calculations First press the symbol to add a group to the model. Assign the name GB. Figure Left: press symbol Group to add a group. Right: Resulting structure in the model. Press the symbol to add a shaft to the group GB. Assign the name s1 to this shaft. Note how the appearance of the assistant changes. You will notice that in the tree structure, the shaft s1 is selected. Accordingly, the assistant presents you with those elements that can be added onto shaft s1. 20 / 30

21 Figure Left: assistant offering the options / elements that can be added onto the shaft s1. Right: model. Now press the icon to add the input coupling cin, to add the pinion z1 and two times to add b1 and b2 on shaft s1. Also, press the icon s1. The resulting tree structure is: to add the shaft calculation s1 onto the shaft Figure 5.2-3Modelling of shaft s1 is completed Now, use the button to move up in the tree structure. You will notice that in the tree structure, the group GB is again selected. Now, we add the shaft s2 and the elements on it. Press, assign the name s2 and a second shaft s2 is added to the group GB 21 / 30

22 Figure Second shaft s2 added to the group GB. Now press the icon to add the gear z2, the same icon again to add the pinion z3 and two times to add b3 and b4 on shaft s2. Also, press the icon shaft s2. The resulting tree structure is: to add the shaft calculation s2 onto the Figure Elements and calculation added onto shaft s2 Now we repeat the process for shaft s3. First, press once so that the group GB is again selected in the tree structure. Then, press to add a new shaft, assign the name s3. Press to add the output coupling cout. Press to add the gear z4 onto the shaft s3. Press two times to add the bearings b5 and b6 onto shaft s3. Finally, press The model in the tree structure will then look like this: to add the shaft calculation s3 on the shaft s2. 22 / 30

23 Figure Model structure. Shafts s1, s2 and s3 now completed. 5.3 Adding connections and gear calculations With the above, the modelling of the shafts is completed. Press tree structure. Then, you will notice there is a new icon. Press ksysgearpairconstraint. so that GB is again selected in the to add a connection z1z2 of type Figure Adding a connection z1z2 of type ksysgearpairconstraint Again, you will see the icons in the assistant have changed. Also, notice that currently, in the tree structure, the connection z1z2 is selected. So, press to add a gear calculation to the connection z1z2. Assign the name z1z2 to the gear calcualtion. The tree structure will now look like this: 23 / 30

24 Figure Model after having added the connection "z1z2" and the calculation "z1z2" just underneath Press again, to make sure GB is selected. Press to add a connection z3z4 in the group GB. Select a connection of type ksysgearpairconstraint and assign the name z3z4. Figure Adding a connection z3z4 of type ksysgearpairconstraint. In this connection, gears z3 and z4 are connected. Finally, press look like this: to add a calculation z3z4 underneath the connection z3z4. The model should now 24 / 30

25 Figure Model after this step. 5.4 Power input and output Now, press two times to make sure in the model, the root is selected. Note that the assistant now looks different again Figure Left: Model, root is selected. Right: assistant with new set of symbols that can not be added into the root of the model. 25 / 30

26 Press and assign the name Input. Connect this power input to cin and assign a speed and torque value as shown below, left side. Again, press, assign the name Output and connect it to cout. Do not give a speed and torque value, it will be calculated. Figure Left: Input, connected to cin, with a speed and torque value given. Right: Output connected to cout. Now the model is completed, quite the assistant by pressing Close. Your model should look like this: Figure Model after using assistant. 26 / 30

27 6 Building the model using Elements box 6.1 Introduction The elements box is a more generic form of the assistant requiring some more navigation by the user. In this respect, it is more flexible than the assistant. Elements box Your current position Undo last steps Groups (note that a shaft or a coaxial shaft is also a group) Shaft elements are as the name implies elements that can be placed on a shaft Connections connect different elements The calculations execute a strength rating for one particular shaft or shaft element. For every calculation, you need a machinery element. But it is not necessary that every machinery element has it s own calculation Figure Structure of the elements box System elements allow you to add graphics or tables to complete your model Note Your current position (where the machine elements are put once you click on an icon) is shown here: If you want to change your position, simply click with the mouse on the element in the tree structure. Then, the elemenst you click in the Elements box will be placed there. 6.2 Modelling of the group GB and the shafts Select the root of the model : Open the elements box and click on to add a group GB to the root. In the tree structure, the group GB will be active / your current position: 27 / 30

28 To add a shaft s1 into the group GB, press the icon and assign name s1. Note that then, the shaft s1 is your current position in the tree structure:. In case you want to add shafts s2 and s3 to the group GB before you add machine elements onto the shafts, use the mouse to select GB in the tree structure or use the arrows key to move up and down in the model. We recommend that you use the arrow keys and on your keyboard to move inside your model. So, press once so that the group GB is again active Now, add the shaft s2 by clicking again on times so that the group GB is again active. and assigning the name s2. Now, you have to press two Now, add the shaft s3 by clicking again on this: and giving the name s3. Your model will now look like Figure Left: Model after adding the three shafts. Use arrow keys on your keyboard or the mouse to change the active element. Centre: Model after machine elements have been added onto shaft s1. Right: all machine elements and calculations added onto the shafts Now press two times to make shaft s1 active. Now, press icons to add the coupling cin onto shaft s1, press to add z1 and press two times to add the bearings b1 and b2. Finally, press to add a shaft calculation for this shaft. Your model will look as shown in above figure, centre figure. 6.3 Modelling of the connections, gear calculations and power input and output In a second step we now add the connections. Use the arrow keys and to move inisde the model so that the group GB is active. Then, press the icon, select the ksysgearpairconstraint and assign the name z1z. Select the gears z1 and z2 to be connected. 28 / 30

29 Figure Left side: make sure that your current position is the group GB. After you press the corresponding icon, select the ksysgearpairconstraint. Assign the name z1z2 and select that gears z1 and z2 should be connected. Then, your model will be as shown on the right side and your current position will be the newly added connection z1z2. Note that your current position in the model is the connection z1z. On this connection, you may now directly add the gear pair calculation by pressing the icon and assigning the name z1z2. Your model will then look like shown on the left side in below figure. Now, use the mouse to select the group GB. Again, first press the symbol to add a connection z3z4 in this group. Then, press the to add the calculation z3z4 in the connection z3z4. Your model will then look like shown below, right side Figure Left: model after having added the connection for the first stage, z1z2 and the calculation z1z2 underneath the connection. Right: after having added the connection and calculation of the second stage. Finally, select the root with the mouse to make it active:. Now, press the icon to add an input and and an output element. 29 / 30

30 Figure Left: add an input element, connected to the coupling cin which is on shaft s1. Right: add an output element. The final model will then look the same way again: Figure Final model. 30 / 30