Resilient Networks in Japan

Transcription

1 Resilient Networks in Japan 2 September, 2015 Kenji KANEKO Deputy Director of the International Cooperation Division, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) Japan

2 11 th March, Miyako City, Iwate Prefecture

3 The Great East Japan Earthquake 2 - Date and Time: 11 March 2011 (FRI) 14:46 JST (05:46 UTC) - Magnitude: 9.0 (the largest magnitude recorded in Japan s history) - Hypocenter: N38.1, E142.9 (130km ESE off Oshika Peninsula) Depth 24km JMA Seismic Intensity Miyako(Iwate) Run-up height:38m* Sendai Tokyo Otsuchi(Iwate) Run-up height:17m* Hypocenter Fukushima nuclear power station (Japan Meteorological Agency) Kesennuma(Miyagi) Run-up height: 20m* * The 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami Joint Survey Group (

4 Thanks for assistance from all around the world 3 Offers from 163 countries and regions, and 43 international organizations Condolences expressed by more than 180 countries and regions, and more than 60 international organizations As of October 17,2011, survey by Ministry of Foreign Affairs Japan 3

5 Major earthquakes in Japan ( ) Fukui Earthquake (1948) Magnitude: 7.1 Casualties: 3,769 Earthquakes over 100 casualties* Nobi Earthquake (1891) Magnitude: 8.0 Casualties: 7,273 4 *Dead or missing Great Hanshin Earthquake (1995) Magnitude: 7.3 Casualties: 6,434 (Japan Meteorological Agency) Great Kanto Earthquake (1923) Magnitude: 7.9 Casualties > 105,000 Last 5 years, ( ) M times M times M8.0-1 time

6 Summary of damages 5 Great East Japan Earthquake ( ) Great Hanshin Earthquake ( ) Magnitude *1 Dead 15,835 6,434 *1 Missing 3,669 3 Damaged *1 903, ,686 Houses Damaged *2 > 22, Fishing Boats Damaged *2 > Fishing Ports Damaged *2 23,600ha 214ha Farmland *1 As of November 7, 2011 (source: National Police Agency) *2 As of November 24, 2011 (source: MAFF)

7 Changes in the number of telephone subscribers 6 Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake ( ) Fixed-line 60.2million 0.95 times as many Mobile: 4.33million Docomo: 2.21million Others: 2.13million Radio pagers: 9.35million Frequency allocation width: 136MHz Key service: voice calls Frequency allocation width: 320MHz Key service: voice, mail and data Radio pagers: 0.15million Fixed-line 57.4million Mobile 118million PHS* 3.68million NTT subscriber phones 35.4million 0ABJ IP phones 17.0million Docomo 57.5million KDDI 32.7million Softbank mobile 24.9million *launched in July 1995 Great East Japan Earthquake ( ) Others: 5.07million (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)

8 Voice traffic congestion (mobile network) 7 Tohoku region Red: originating Blue: recieved Tokyo The traffic increased more than 10 times after the quake Estimated to be 60 times if the restriction was not applied

9 Traffic Restrictions 8 Due to heavy congestions, carriers applied traffic restrictions. Fixed-line Telephones Mobile Communications (%) (%) NTT East KDDI Softbank Telecom DoCoMo (Voice) DoCoMo (Packet) au (Voice) au (Packet) Softbank (Voice) Softbank (Packet) (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications) Voice traffic was restricted by as much as 70-95%! Packet traffic was restricted by 30% or lower.

10 Damage to Mobile Networks 9 Base stations collapsed or Backup batteries ran out Central office (housing building) Central office, customer building, etc. (relay building) Backup generators ran out of fuel because of long power outages Transmission line relay station Area A Base station Communication cable RNC Trunk exchange Area B Cables cut off or Network duct destroyed

11 Base station damages and blackouts 10 Number of off-the-air base stations 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1, /11 Peaked on March 14 3/18 Date 4/1 NTT NTTドコモ docomo KDDI(au) Softbank emobile KDDI(au) ソフトバンク イー モバイル blackout 東北電力管内の停電戸数 in Tohoku region 4/15 5/ Number of blackout houses [million] The Quake Occurred Aftershock (M7.4)

12 Disconnection 11 Over 80% of communications disconnection of fixed and mobile was caused by widespread and prolonged power outages. Fixed telephone Mobile telephone Interrupted transmission 13% Collapse or outflow 4% Flood 3% Interrupted transmission 11.9% Earthquake 0.1% Tsunami 2.8% Power outage 80% Power outage 85.3%

13 Summary of the 3.11 disaster 12 Earthquake Tsunami Congestion Blackout Preparation before the 3.11 disaster - Anti-seismic buildings & cables based on the Hanshin earthquake (1995) - Route diversity - Flood prevention based on local government hazard maps - Emergency message services (started after the Hanshin earthquake (1995)) - Emergency battery and generator 3.11 Minimum problems Serious damage Unexpectedly high tsunami The services worked, but lack of awareness Serious disruption Unexpectedly long and wide-area blackouts

14 Communication demand in a disaster area 13 Emergency recovery period Disaster Tentative recovery period Change in real-time communication (ex. telephone) Explosively increased soon after disaster occurs Communication needs 2 ~ 3 days Provide minimum and necessary communication 1 week ~ 1 month ~ 1 year Change of communication for official and business activities Data communication increases because of disaster recovery and business recovery Time

15 Countermeasures (reported by Information Communications Council, February 17, 2012) Ⅰ Blackouts Generators/ longer life batteries Disaster Center, etc. Disclosure of well-prepared facilities Lager cell coverage Switch Operating Line Ⅴ Others PHS also available Ⅱ Disruptions of Lines/Netwroks Building Base Station Disaster Center, etc. Base Station Controller Backup Line ＰＨＳ Deployment Generator cars securing emergency/ priority calls 1４ Thorough redundancy of network Backup Line Building Deployment Vehicle/ portable base station Authentication facility Building Authentication facility Switch Switch Building Backup with geographically distributed facilities Switch Call restriction Disclosure of network capacity Ordinary Mobile Phones Ⅳ Traffic Congestion Disclosure of network congestion the latest hazard maps Ⅲ Tsunami / Flood

16 Trade-off against cost 15 Targets must be achieved under the cost constraint Network resilience High Low High Cost Low

17 Trade-off against cost 16 Targets must be achieved under the cost constraint High Network resilience Technological Breakthrough Low High Cost Low

18 Solution for congestion & failure: Network Function Virtualization 17 In daily life Voice calls s Contents Delivery Occupied resources In daily life Voice calls s Contents Delivery Emergency in disaster Available resources Overload traffic Assignable resources Mission-critical and fixed resources Voice calls s Contents Delivery Emergency in disaster

19 Movable and Deployable ICT Resource Unit (MDRU) 18 Other MDRUs Public Network Network node MDRU Disaster area Digital coherent technology ensures communication link through alive optical fiber in any quality Evacuation Center

20 Thank you for your attention.