Cloud Computing 4/17/2016. Outline. Cloud Computing. Centralized versus Distributed Computing Some people argue that Cloud Computing. Cloud Computing.

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Cloud Computing 4/17/2016. Outline. Cloud Computing. Centralized versus Distributed Computing Some people argue that Cloud Computing. Cloud Computing."

Derick Bradley
6 years ago
Views:

Cloud Computing By: Muhammad Naseem Assistant Professor Department of Computer Engineering, Sir Syed University of Engineering & Technology, Web: http://sites.google.

1 Cloud Computing By: Muhammad Naseem Assistant Professor Department of Computer Engineering, Sir Syed University of Engineering & Technology, Web: Outline Cloud Computing. o Public, Private and Hybrid Cloud. o IaaS, PaaS, SaaS Types & Model. Architectural Design. o Generic cloud, Layered Cloud, Virtualization, Challenges. Public Cloud Platform. o Google App Engine, Amazon Web Services, Cloud Computing Over the past two decades, the world economy has rapidly moved from manufacturing to more service-oriented. In 2010, 80 percent of the U.S. economy was driven by the service industry, leaving only 15 percent in manufacturing and 5 percent in agriculture and other areas. Cloud computing benefits the service industry most and advances business computing with a new paradigm. In 2009, the global cloud service marketplace reached $17.4 billion. Developers of innovative cloud applications no longer acquire large capital equipment in advance. They just rent the resources from some large data centers that have been automated for this purpose. Clouds aim to power the next generation of data centers by architecting them as virtual resources over automated hardware, databases, user interfaces, and application environments. Cloud computing is a high-throughput computing (HTC) paradigm whereby the infrastructure provides the services through a large data center or server farms. Cloud computing avoids large data movement, resulting in much better network bandwidth utilization. Machine virtualization has enhanced resource utilization, increased application flexibility, and reduced the total cost of using virtualized data-center resources. The main idea is to move desktop computing to a service-oriented platform using server clusters and huge databases at data centers. Cloud computing leverages its low cost and simplicity to both providers and users. Centralized versus Distributed Computing Some people argue that Cloud Computing o Centralized computing at data centers. o It is the practice of distributed parallel computing over data-center resources. All computations in cloud applications are distributed to servers in a data center. These are mainly virtual machines (VMs) in virtual clusters created out of datacenter resources. cloud platforms are systems distributed through virtualization. 1

The application and infrastructure services are offered on a flexible price-per-use basis. Private Cloud A private cloud is built within the domain of an intranet owned by a single organization.

2 Public Cloud A public cloud is built over the Internet and can be accessed by any user who has paid for the service. Google App Engine (GAE), Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, IBM Blue Cloud, and Salesforce.com s Force.com. A public cloud delivers a selected set of business processes. The application and infrastructure services are offered on a flexible price-per-use basis. Private Cloud A private cloud is built within the domain of an intranet owned by a single organization. Private clouds give local users a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run service workloads within their administrative domains. A private cloud is supposed to deliver more efficient and convenient cloud services. It may impact the cloud standardization, while retaining greater customization and organizational control. Hybrid Cloud A hybrid cloud is built with both public and private clouds. Public Clouds promote standardization, preserve capital investment, and offer application flexibility. Private Clouds attempt to achieve customization and offer higher efficiency, resiliency, security, and privacy. The services provided over the cloud can be generally categorized into three different service models. o Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) o Platform as a Service (PaaS) o Software as a Service (SaaS) These form the three pillars on top of which cloud computing solutions are delivered to end users. These models are offered based on various Service-Level Agreements (SLAs) between providers and users. Infrastructure as a Service This model allows users to use virtualized IT resources for computing, storage, and networking. The user does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure, but has control over the OS, storage, deployed applications, and possibly select networking components. 2

3 Cloud Name Amazon EC2 GoGrid Rackspace Cloud FlexiScale in the UK Joyent Cloud VM Instance Capacity (Per Instance) Processor :1 20 EC2. Memory GB. Storage TB. Processor :1 6 CPUs. Memory GB. Storage GB. Processor :4 Core CPU. Memory GB. Storage GB. Processor :1 4 CPUs. Memory GB. Storage GB. Processor :1 8 CPUs. Memory GB. Storage GB. API and Access Tools CLI or web Service (WS) portal REST, Java, PHP, Python, Ruby REST, Python, PHP, Java, C#,.NET web console No specific API, SSH, Virtual/Min Hypervisor Guest OS Linux, Linux, Linux Linux, OS-level virtualization, OpenSolaris Platform-as-a-Service The platform cloud is an integrated computer system consisting of both H/W and S/W infrastructure. The user application can be developed on this virtualized cloud platform using some programming languages and software tools supported by the provider (e.g., Java, Python,.NET). The user does not manage the underlying cloud infrastructure. This PaaS model enables a collaborated S/W development platform for users from different parts of the world. This model also encourages 3 rd parties to provide s/w management, integration, & service monitoring solutions. Cloud Name Google App Engine Salesforce.com Force.com Microsoft Azure Amazon Elastic Aneka Languages and Developer Tools Python, Java, and Eclipse-based IDE Apex, Eclipsebased IDE, webbased Wizard.NET, Azure tools for MS Visual Studio Hive, Pig, C++, Cascading, Java, Ruby, Perl, Python, PHP NET, stand-alone SDK Programming Models Supported by Provider, web programming on demand Workflow, Excel-like formula, Web programming on demand Unrestricted model Threads, task, Target Applications and Storage Option Web applications and BigTable storage Business applications such as CRM Enterprise and web applications Data processing and e-commerce NET enterprise applications, HPC Software as a Service The SaaS model provides software applications as a service. As a result, on the customer side, there is no upfront investment in servers or software licensing. On the provider side, costs are kept rather low, compared with conventional hosting of user applications. The best examples of SaaS services include Google Gmail and docs, Microsoft SharePoint, and the CRM software from Salesforce.com. Three Success Story of SaaS. New York Times (archival articles and newspapers), Eli Lily Company (DNA sequence analysis), Pitney Bowes(B2B transactions). Cloud Differences Cloud Differences in Perspectives of Providers, Vendors, and Users Cloud Players IaaS PaaS SaaS IT administrators/cloud providers Software developers (vendors) End users or business Users Monitor SLAs To deploy and store data To deploy and store data Monitor SLAs and enable service platforms Enabling platforms via configurators and APIs To develop and test web software Monitor SLAs and deploy software Develop and deploy software Use business software ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN OF COMPUTE AND STORAGE CLOUDS A Generic Cloud Architecture Design. o Cloud Platform Design Goals (Scalability, virtualization, efficiency, and reliability) o Enabling Technologies for Clouds. Layered Cloud Architectural Development. o Market-Oriented Cloud Architecture. o Quality of Service Factors. 3

Architectural Design Challenges Challenge 1 Service Availability and Data Lockin Problem. Challenge 2 Data Privacy and Security Concerns. Challenge 3 Unpredictable Performance and Bottlenecks.

4 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN OF COMPUTE AND STORAGE CLOUDS Virtualization Support and Disaster Recovery. o Hardware Virtualization. o Virtualization Support in Public Clouds o Storage Virtualization for Green Data Centers. o Virtualization for IaaS. o VM Cloning for Disaster Recovery. Architectural Design Challenges Challenge 1 Service Availability and Data Lockin Problem. Challenge 2 Data Privacy and Security Concerns. Challenge 3 Unpredictable Performance and Bottlenecks. Challenge 4 Distributed Storage and Widespread Software Bugs. Challenge 5 Cloud Scalability, Interoperability, and Standardization. Challenge 6 Software Licensing and Reputation Sharing. Google App Engine Google has hundreds of data centers and has installed more than 460,000 servers worldwide. Google has pioneered cloud development by leveraging the large number of data centers it operates. Google pioneered cloud services in Gmail, Google Docs, and Google Earth, among other applications. Google cloud platform and major building blocks The building blocks of Google s cloud computing application include the Google File System for storing large amounts of data, the programming framework for application developers, Chubby for distributed application lock services, and BigTable as a storage service for accessing structural or semistructural data. Functional Modules of GAE The GAE platform comprises the following five major components. o Datastore. o Application Runtime Environment. o Software Development Kit (SDK). o Administration Console. o Web Service Infrastructure. Google offers essentially free GAE services to all Gmail account owners 4

Amazon Web Services VMs can be used to share computing resources both flexibly and safely. Amazon has been a leader in providing public cloud services.

EBS (Elastic Block Service) provides the block storage interface which can be used to support traditional applications.

5 Amazon Web Services VMs can be used to share computing resources both flexibly and safely. Amazon has been a leader in providing public cloud services. S3 (Simple Storage Service) provides the object-oriented storage service for users. EBS (Elastic Block Service) provides the block storage interface which can be used to support traditional applications. SQS stands for Simple Queue Service, and its job is to ensure a reliable message service between two processes. Different from Google, Amazon provides a more flexible cloud computing platform for developers to build cloud applications. Amazon cloud computing infrastructure AWS Offerings in 2011 Service Area Compute Messaging Storage Content Delivery Monitoring Support Database Networking Web Traffic E-Commerce Payments and Billing Workforce Service Modules and Abbreviated Names Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), Elastic, Auto Scaling SQS, Simple Notification Service (SNS) S3, Elastic Block Storage (EBS), AWS Import/Export Amazon CloudFront Amazon CloudWatch AWS Premium Support Amazon SimpleDB, Relational Database Service (RDS) Virtual Private Cloud (VPC), Elastic Load Balancing Alexa Web Information Service, Alexa Web Sites Fulfillment Web Service (FWS) Flexible Payments Service (FPS), Amazon DevPay Amazon Mechanical Turk In 2008, Microsoft launched a Azure platform to meet the challenges in cloud computing. This platform is built over Microsoft data centers. The platform is divided into three major component platforms. (User applications, Azure service platform, Azure). The Azure platform applies the standard web communication protocols SOAP and REST. platform for cloud computing Azure Services Live service. o Microsoft Live applications and apply the data involved across multiple machines concurrently..net service. o Application development on local hosts and execution on cloud machines SQL Azure o Relational database associated with the SQL server in the cloud SharePoint service o Scalable and manageable platform for users to develop their special business applications Dynamic CRM service. o CRM applications in financing, marketing, and sales and promotions. 5

What is Cloud Computing? What are the Private and Public Clouds? What are IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS? What is the Amazon Web Services (AWS)?

What is Cloud Computing? What are the Private and Public Clouds? What are IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS? What is the Amazon Web Services (AWS)? What is Amazon Machine Image (AMI)? Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)?