Unshackle the Cloud: Commoditization of the Cloud
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1 Unshackle the Cloud: Commoditization of the Cloud Hakim Weatherspoon Assistant Professor, Dept of Computer Science CS 5412, Guest Lecture, Cornell University January 24, 2012
2 Context The promise of the Cloud A computer utility; a commodity Catalyst for technology economy Revolutionizing for health care, financial systems, scientific research, and society
3 Context The promise of the Cloud ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. NIST Cloud Definition
4 Context The promise of the Cloud ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. NIST Cloud Definition
5 Context The promise of the Cloud ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. However, cloud platforms entail significant risk Vendor Lock-in Storage Lock-in Computation Lock-in
6 Challenge How to use the cloud? Storage Computation Network Without being locked into a single cloud provider?
7 Outline Breaking Cloud Storage Lock-in Breaking Cloud Computation Lock-in (Nested) Virtualization
8 Vendor Lock-in: Cloud Storage Large organizations considering using the cloud New York Times Netflix Nintendo Cornell Library of Congress The more data you have, the harder it is to move Switching providers entails paying for bandwidth twice Inhibits opportunistic migration
9 Vendor Lock-in: Cloud Storage How hard is it to move a PetaByte? Titan tech boom, randy katz, 2008
10 Vendor Lock-in: Cloud Storage All my valuable data/computation is in the cloud Am I locked in to one provider forever? The more data you have, the harder it is to move RACS: Redundant Array of Cloud Storage Collaboration with the Internet Archive and IBM k=3 n=4 RACS(3,4)
11 Vendor Lock-in: Cloud Storage All my valuable data/computation is in the cloud Am I locked in to one provider forever? The more data you have, the harder it is to move RACS(3,4) RACS: Redundant Array of Cloud Storage Collaboration with the Internet Archive and IBM Object 100 KB k=3 33KB 33KB 33KB 33KB n=4 Relative Storage n/k Relative Upload Bandwidth Relative Download Bandwidth 1 n/k RACS(3,4)
12 Vendor Lock-in: Cloud Storage Estimated Cost of Switching Cloud Providers 33KB RACS(3,4) Object 100 KB 33KB 33KB Relative Storage n/k Relative Upload Bandwidth n/k Relative Download Bandwidth 1 33KB
13 Vendor Lock-in: Cloud Storage Graduate Students Hussam Abu-Libdeh Lonnie Princehouse Ji Yong Shin Collaborators Sandra Payette (Fedora Commons) Website:
14 Vendor Lock-in: Cloud Computation Cloud storage is only a half third of the story What about computation? How can I move my computation between clouds?
15 Vendor Lock-in: Cloud Computation Move computation via Virtualization Virtualize processor Instruction Set Architecture Full Virtualization vs Paravirtualization (of hardware) VMWare vs (Original) Xen Xen Separation of policy and mechanism DomU hosts guest operating system in virtual machine Dom0 manages devices and guests Control Transfer: Hypercalls and Events (like syscalls and device interrupts)
16 Vendor Lock-in: Cloud Computation Linux Dom0 Backend PCI-Driver Shared Memory Device: Ring Linux DomU: VM Frontend Xen Baremetal
17 Vendor Lock-in: Cloud Computation Can I compute in the cloud if some of my data is in a vault at home or on another provider VMM App Guest OS 33KB Object 100 KB VMM App Guest OS App Guest OS VMM VMM 33KB 33KB 33KB VMM
18 Vendor Lock-in: Cloud Computation Guest OS VMM App
19 Vendor Lock-in: Cloud Computation VMM App Guest OS 10/11/2010 IBM Visit, Critical Infrastructure, by Hakim Weatherspoon 19
20 Unshackle the Cloud: xclouds 10/11/2010 IBM Visit, Critical Infrastructure, by Hakim Weatherspoon 20
21 How to Build xclouds 10/11/2010 IBM Visit, Critical Infrastructure, by Hakim Weatherspoon 21
22 How to Build xclouds 10/11/2010 IBM Visit, Critical Infrastructure, by Hakim Weatherspoon 22
23 How to Build xclouds 10/11/2010 IBM Visit, Critical Infrastructure, by Hakim Weatherspoon 23
24 How to Build xclouds: Alternatives 10/11/2010 IBM Visit, Critical Infrastructure, by Hakim Weatherspoon 24
25 How to Build xclouds: Alternatives 10/11/2010 IBM Visit, Critical Infrastructure, by Hakim Weatherspoon 25
26 How to Build xclouds: Alternatives 10/11/2010 IBM Visit, Critical Infrastructure, by Hakim Weatherspoon 26
27 How to Build xclouds: Another Layer Linux Dom0 Backend PCI-Driver Shared Memory Device: Ring Linux DomU: VM Frontend Xen Baremetal
28 How to Build xclouds: Another Layer Linux Dom0 Backend Dom0 for Xenblanket Backend Frontend PV- DomU Frontend PV- DomU Frontend PCI-Driver Xen Blanket 1st-Layer Xen Hypercalls Device Baremetal
29 Hypercall Passthrough Need Hypercall Passthrough Nested Dom0 must be able to get information about shared memory devices from 1st Layer-Xen Nested Dom0 can only issue hypercall to Nested Xen So, nested Xen should help passthrough related hypercalls
30 Will xclouds Perform? 10/11/2010 IBM Visit, Critical Infrastructure, by Hakim Weatherspoon 32
31 Configuration for Comparison 10/11/2010 IBM Visit, Critical Infrastructure, by Hakim Weatherspoon 33
32 Nested Microbenchmark 10/11/2010 IBM Visit, Critical Infrastructure, by Hakim Weatherspoon 34
33 Disk Write Throughput 10/11/2010 IBM Visit, Critical Infrastructure, by Hakim Weatherspoon 35
34 Network Receive Throughput 10/11/2010 IBM Visit, Critical Infrastructure, by Hakim Weatherspoon 36
35 xclouds works Today! Nested paravirtual device drivers Xen on EC2
36 xclouds works Today! Nested paravirtual device drivers Xen on EC2 App Guest OS VMM VMM 33KB Object 100 KB App Guest OS VMM VMM App Guest OS VMM VMM VMM VMM 33KB 33KB Can create your own Cloud-within-a-Cloud VMM VMM 33KB
37 xclouds works Today! Graduate Students Dan Williams Zhefu Jiang Ji Yong Shin External Collaborators Hani Jamjoom (IBM)
38 Summary With great power comes great responsibility Cloud technology can be used to address economic concerns Treating the cloud as a commodity Users need to be able to trade-off overhead and vendor mobility Providers need to be accountable to users and environment Lots more research to do to achieve the promise of the Cloud
39 Nature is a mutable cloud which is always and never the same Paper Trail Theme: Cloud & Vendor Lock-in xcloud/xen-blanket in EuroSys-2012 xcloud in HotCloud-2011 Overdriver in VEE-2011 RACS in SOCC-2010 More at and also hweather@cs.cornell.edu Ralph Waldo Emerson
40 Backup
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