Introduction to Database Systems CSE 414. Lecture 3: SQL Basics
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1 Introduction to Database Systems CSE 414 Lecture 3: SQL Basics CSE Spring
2 Review Relational data model Schema + instance + query language Query language: SQL Create tables Retrieve records from tables Declare keys and foreign keys CSE Spring
3 Discussion Tables are NOT ordered they are sets or multisets (bags) Tables are FLAT No nested attributes Tables DO NOT prescribe how they are implemented / stored on disk This is called physical data independence CSE Spring
4 Table Implementation How would you implement this? cname country no_employees for_profit GizmoWorks USA True Canon True Hitachi True HappyCam Canada 500 False CSE Spring
5 Table Implementation How would you implement this? cname country no_employees for_profit GizmoWorks USA True Canon True Hitachi True HappyCam Canada 500 False Row major: as an array of objects GizmoWorks USA True Canon True Hitachi True HappyCam Canada 500 False CSE Spring
6 Table Implementation How would you implement this? cname country no_employees for_profit GizmoWorks USA True Canon True Hitachi True HappyCam Canada 500 False Column major: as one array per attribute GizmoWorks Canon Hitachi HappyCam USA Canada True True True False 6
7 Table Implementation How would you implement this? cname country no_employees for_profit GizmoWorks USA True Canon True Hitachi True HappyCam Canada 500 False Physical data independence The logical definition of the data remains unchanged, even when we make changes to the actual implementation CSE Spring
8 First Normal Form cname country no_employees for_profit Canon Y Hitachi Y All relations must be flat: we say that the relation is in first normal form CSE Spring
9 First Normal Form cname country no_employees for_profit Canon Y Hitachi Y All relations must be flat: we say that the relation is in first normal form E.g., we want to add products manufactured by each company: CSE Spring
10 First Normal Form cname country no_employees for_profit Canon Y Hitachi Y All relations must be flat: we say that the relation is in first normal form E.g., we want to add products manufactured by each company: cname country no_employees for_profit products Canon Y Hitachi Y pname price category SingleTouch Photography Gadget 200 Toy pname price category AC 300 Appliance
11 First Normal Form cname country no_employees for_profit Canon Y Hitachi Y All relations must be flat: we say that the relation is in first normal form E.g., we want to add products manufactured by each company: cname country no_employees for_profit products Non-1NF! Canon Y Hitachi Y pname price category SingleTouch Photography Gadget 200 Toy pname price category AC 300 Appliance
12 First Normal Form We will learn how different languages and data models handle this aspect Now it s in 1NF Company cname country no_employees for_profit Canon Y Hitachi Y Products pname price category manufacturer SingleTouch Photography Canon AC 300 Appliance Hitachi Gadget 200 Toy Canon CSE Spring
13 SQL Structured Query Language Most widely used language to query relational data One of the many languages for querying relational data A declarative programming language CSE Spring
14 Selections in SQL SELECT * FROM Product WHERE price > CSE Spring
15 Demo 2 CSE Spring
16 Product(pname, price, category, manufacturer) Company(cname, country) Joins in SQL pname price category manufacturer MultiTouch gadget Canon SingleTouch photography Canon Gizom 50 gadget GizmoWorks SuperGizmo gadget GizmoWorks cname GizmoWorks Canon Hitachi country USA Retrieve all ese products that cost < $150 CSE Spring
17 Product(pname, price, category, manufacturer) Company(cname, country) Joins in SQL pname price category manufacturer MultiTouch gadget Canon SingleTouch photography Canon Gizom 50 gadget GizmoWorks SuperGizmo gadget GizmoWorks cname GizmoWorks Canon Hitachi country USA Retrieve all ese products that cost < $150 SELECT pname, price FROM Product, Company WHERE... CSE Spring
18 Product(pname, price, category, manufacturer) Company(cname, country) Joins in SQL pname price category manufacturer MultiTouch gadget Canon SingleTouch photography Canon Gizom 50 gadget GizmoWorks SuperGizmo gadget GizmoWorks cname GizmoWorks Canon Hitachi country USA Retrieve all ese products that cost < $150 SELECT P.pname, C.price FROM Product as P, Company as C WHERE P.manufacturer=C.cname AND P.country='' AND C.price < 150 Join Predicate CSE Spring Selection predicates
19 Product(pname, price, category, manufacturer) Company(cname, country) Joins in SQL pname price category manufacturer MultiTouch gadget Canon SingleTouch photography Canon Gizom 50 gadget GizmoWorks SuperGizmo gadget GizmoWorks cname GizmoWorks Canon Hitachi country USA Retrieve all USA companies that manufacture gadget products CSE Spring
20 Product(pname, price, category, manufacturer) Company(cname, country) Joins in SQL pname price category manufacturer MultiTouch gadget Canon SingleTouch photography Canon Gizom 50 gadget GizmoWorks SuperGizmo gadget GizmoWorks cname GizmoWorks Canon Hitachi country USA Retrieve all USA companies that manufacture gadget products Why DISTINCT? SELECT DISTINCT cname FROM Product, Company WHERE country='usa' AND category = 'gadget' AND manufacturer = cname CSE Spring
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