Department of Computer Science University of Cyprus. EPL342 Databases. Lab 1. Introduction to SQL Server Panayiotis Andreou

Transcription

1 Department of Computer Science University of Cyprus EPL342 Databases Lab 1 Introduction to SQL Server 2008 Panayiotis Andreou 1-1

2 Before We Begin Start the SQL Server Management Studio Start All Programs Microsoft SQL Server SQL Server Management Studio Server: APOLLO.IN.CS.UCY.AC.CY Authentication: SQL Server Authentication Username: <check your > Password: <check your > 1-2

3 What is SQL Server? Relational Model Database Server Manages two types of databases Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) databases Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) Primary Languages: T-SQL, ANSI-SQL 1-3

4 A brief history of SQL Server Year Version Name SQL Server SQL Server SQL Server SQL Server 6.5 (Hydra) SQL Server 7 (Sphinx) SQL Server 7 OLAP (Plato) SQL Server 2000 (Shiloh) SQL Server bit (Liberty) SQL Server 2005 (Yukon) SQL Server 2008 (Katmai) 1-4

5 Useful Links SQL Server 2008 Home SQL Server 2008 Learning Resources Download SQL Server 2008 Express Edition 1-5

6 Communicating with SQL Server Client SQL Server Query Results Client application Relational Database Management System 1-6

7 Communicating with SQL Server Client Client Application Database API (Native, OLEDB, ODBC, Other) Communication Communication Open Data Services Relational Engine Storage Service Processor Memory SQL Server 1-7

8 Authentication SQL Server 2008 supports two types of authentication: Windows Authentication SQL Server Authentication 1-8

9 Logging-in to SQL Server Server Address Instance Name Server Name You can have multiple server instances installed on the same PC Connecting to UCY SQL Server is installed on APOLLO. Username and password will be send to your Authentication Type Two authentication types: Windows authentication Logs in with the Windows credentials SQL Server authentication Requires SQL Server user/pass 1-9

10 Logging-in to SQL Server Connection Specifics Port Configuration: SQL Server uses dynamic port configuration. To check the port number go to SQL Server Configuration Manager SQL Server 2008 Network Configuration Protocols for SQL Express TCP/IP IP Adresses IP All TCP Dynamic Ports: (e.g., 52468) Remote TCP/IP connections: by default disabled Local connection: When connecting locally on your PC you can use (local) for Server Address Connecting from home: only through VPN (Good luck with that!) 1-10

11 Object Explorer Object Explorer A component that provides a view of all objects in the services and presents a user interface to manage them. 1-11

12 Databases Two types of Databases System Databases: master msdb model Resource tempdb Records all the system-level information for an instance of SQL Server. Is used by SQL Server Agent for scheduling alerts and jobs. Is used as the template for all databases created on the instance of SQL Server. Is a read-only database that contains system objects that are included with SQL Server. Is a workspace for holding temporary objects or intermediate result sets. User Databases 1-12

13 Creating a database Database Consists of two files: <name>.mdf Data file: stores all data <name>_log.ldf Log file: stores all actions performed on database 1-13

14 Inside a database (AdventureWorks) Database Diagrams design and visualize a database Tables System table + user tables Views, Synonyms, Programmability, Security Will talk about them in upcoming lectures 1-14

15 Database Diagram Available here in html and visio formats 1-15

16 Tables System Tables The information used by SQL Server and its components is stored in special tables known as system tables. User Tables Tables created by the user 1-16

17 Table Data To view table data right-click on a table and select open table (e.g., Person.Address) 1-17

18 Table Information Columns Data stored on the table, e.g., Firstname, Lastname, Address Keys Special columns e.g., columns with unique values (PersonID) Constraints Rules applied to the table, e.g., PersonID must be unique Indexes, Statistics Will talk about them in upcoming lectures 1-18

19 Table - Columns Primary Key Value that uniquely identifies each row of the table Foreign Key The primary key of another table Column Name Data Type Allow Nulls 1-19

20 SQL Server 2008 Data Types Exact Numerics Integers bigint Integer (whole number) data from -2^63 (- 9,223,372,036,854,775,808) through 2^63-1 (9,223,372,036,854,775,807). int Integer (whole number) data from -2^31 (- 2,147,483,648) through 2^31-1 (2,147,483,647). smallint Integer data from -2^15 (-32,768) through 2^15-1 (32,767). tinyint Integer data from 0 through 255. bit bit Integer data with either a 1 or 0 value. decimal and numeric decimal Fixed precision and scale numeric data from - 10^38 +1 through 10^38 1. numeric Functionally equivalent to decimal. money and smallmoney money Monetary data values from -2^63 (- 922,337,203,685, ) through 2^63-1 (+922,337,203,685, ), with accuracy to a ten-thousandth of a monetary unit. smallmoney Monetary data values from -214, through +214, , with accuracy to a ten-thousandth of a monetary unit. 1-20

21 SQL Server 2008 Data Types Approximate Numerics float Floating precision number data with the following valid values: -1.79E through E - 308, 0 and 2.23E through 1.79E real Floating precision number data with the following valid values: -3.40E + 38 through E - 38, 0 and 1.18E - 38 through 3.40E datetime and smalldatetime datetime Date and time data from January 1, 1753, through December 31, 9999, with an accuracy of three-hundredths of a second, or 3.33 milliseconds. smalldatetime Date and time data from January 1, 1900, through June 6, 2079, with an accuracy of one minute. 1-21

22 SQL Server 2008 Data Types Character Strings char Fixed-length non-unicode character data with a maximum length of 8,000 characters. varchar Variable-length non-unicode data with a maximum of 8,000 characters. text Variable-length non-unicode data with a maximum length of 2^31-1 (2,147,483,647) characters. Unicode Character Strings nchar Fixed-length Unicode data with a maximum length of 4,000 characters. nvarchar Variable-length Unicode data with a maximum length of 4,000 characters. sysname is a system-supplied user-defined data type that is functionally equivalent to nvarchar(128) and is used to reference database object names. ntext Variable-length Unicode data with a maximum length of 2^30-1 (1,073,741,823) characters. 1-22

23 SQL Server 2008 Data Types Binary Strings binary Fixed-length binary data with a maximum length of 8,000 bytes. varbinary Variable-length binary data with a maximum length of 8,000 bytes. image Variable-length binary data with a maximum length of 2^31-1 (2,147,483,647) bytes. Other Data Types cursor A reference to a cursor. sql_variant A data type that stores values of various SQL Server-supported data types, except text, ntext, timestamp, and sql_variant. table A special data type used to store a result set for later processing. timestamp A database-wide unique number that gets updated every time a row gets updated. uniqueidentifier A globally unique identifier (GUID). 1-23

24 Command prompt access SQL Server 2008 support command-line access to databases with SQLCMD.exe Login with sqlcmd -U someuser -P Execute queries: sqlcmd -d AdventureWorks -q "SELECT FirstName, LastName FROM Person.Contact sqlcmd -d AdventureWorks -q "SELECT TOP 5 FirstName FROM Person.Contact;SELECT TOP 5 LastName FROM Person.Contact;" More

25 Other Information Have you send your lab group details? 1-25