Oracle Database 10g: Data Guard Administration

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Oracle Database 10g: Data Guard Administration"

Martin Payne
5 years ago
Views:

1 Oracle Database 10g: Data Guard Administration Student Guide D17316GC11 Edition 1.1 January 2005 D40345

2 Authors Donna Keesling Ric Van Dyke Technical Contributors and Reviewers Christopher Andrews Larry Baumann Tammy Bednar Harald van Breederode Mary Bryksa Bernhard de Cock Buning Larry Carpenter Sean Connolly Raymond Dutcher Mark Fuller Joel Goodman Raymond Guzman Ziemowit Jankowski Nitin Karkhanis Jiangbin Luo Ashish Ray Vivian Schupmann Jim Spiller S Matt Taylor Michael Verheij John Watson Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. This documentation contains proprietary information of Oracle Corporation. It is provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and is also protected by copyright law. Reverse engineering of the software is prohibited. If this documentation is delivered to a U.S. Government Agency of the Department of Defense, then it is delivered with Restricted Rights and the following legend is applicable: Restricted Rights Legend Use, duplication or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions for commercial computer software and shall be deemed to be Restricted Rights software under Federal law, as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of DFARS , Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software (October 1988). This material or any portion of it may not be copied in any form or by any means without the express prior written permission of Oracle Corporation. Any other copying is a violation of copyright law and may result in civil and/or criminal penalties. If this documentation is delivered to a U.S. Government Agency not within the Department of Defense, then it is delivered with Restricted Rights, as defined in FAR , Rights in Data-General, including Alternate III (June 1987). The information in this document is subject to change without notice. If you find any problems in the documentation, please report them in writing to Education Products, Oracle Corporation, 500 Oracle Parkway, Box SB-6, Redwood Shores, CA Oracle Corporation does not warrant that this document is error-free. All references to Oracle and Oracle products are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle Corporation. All other products or company names are used for identification purposes only, and may be trademarks of their respective owners. Publisher Nita Brozowski

3 Contents Preface 1 Oracle Data Guard: Overview Objectives 1-2 Causes of Data Loss 1-3 Every System Faces Down Time 1-4 What Is Oracle Data Guard? 1-5 Types of Standby Databases 1-6 Oracle Data Guard Broker Framework 1-7 Types of Services 1-8 Role Transitions: Switchover and Failover 1-9 Data-Protection Modes 1-11 Benefits of Implementing Oracle Data Guard 1-13 Role of Data Guard in a High Availability Architecture 1-14 Oracle Data Guard and Real Application Clusters 1-16 Maximum Availability Architecture 1-17 Summary 1-18 Practice 1: Overview Understanding the Oracle Data Guard Architecture Objectives 2-2 Data Guard Operational Requirements: Hardware and Operating System 2-3 Data Guard Operational Requirements: Oracle Database Software 2-4 Oracle Data Guard: Architecture 2-6 Primary Database Flow 2-7 Standby Database Flow 2-8 Standby Redo Logs 2-9 Data Guard Redo Apply: Architecture 2-10 Data Guard SQL Apply: Architecture 2-12 SQL Apply Process: Architecture 2-13 Real-Time Apply 2-14 Setting the DB_UNIQUE_NAME Parameter 2-16 Specifying Role-Based Destinations 2-17 Combinations for VALID_FOR 2-19 Identifying Destination Settings 2-20 Standby Redo Log Configuration 2-21 Number of Standby Redo Logs 2-22 Using SQL to Add Standby Redo Logs 2-23 Using Enterprise Manager to Add Standby Redo Logs 2-24 Standby Database Modes 2-25 Summary 2-27 Practice 2-1: Overview (Architecture) 2-28 Practice 2-2: Overview (Installing the Oracle Management Agent) 2-29 Practice 2-3: Overview (Configuring Your Primary Database) 2-30 iii

4 3 Data Guard Broker and Enterprise Manager Objectives 3-2 Features of Data Guard Broker 3-3 Data Guard Broker: Components 3-4 Data Guard Broker: Configurations 3-5 Data Guard Broker: Management Model 3-6 Data Guard Broker: Architecture 3-7 Life Cycle of a Broker Configuration 3-8 Data Guard Broker: Requirements 3-9 Data Guard Broker and the SPFILE 3-11 Data Guard Monitor: DMON Process 3-13 Data Guard Monitor: Configuration File 3-14 Benefits of Using the Data Guard Broker 3-15 Data Guard Broker Interfaces 3-17 Using Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Grid Control 3-19 Data Guard Overview Page 3-20 Enterprise Manager Metrics and Alerts 3-21 Using Data Guard Metrics 3-22 Managing Data Guard Metrics 3-23 Benefits of Using Enterprise Manager 3-24 Using the Command-Line Interface of the Data Guard Broker 3-25 Summary Creating a Configuration with Enterprise Manager Objectives 4-2 Enabling FORCE LOGGING Mode 4-3 Using Enterprise Manager to Create a Broker Configuration 4-5 Creating a Configuration 4-6 Using the Add Standby Database Wizard 4-8 Step 1: Specify the Backup Type 4-9 Step 2: Specify the Backup Options 4-10 Step 3: Select the Oracle Home Instance Name 4-11 Step 3: Select the Oracle Home Oracle Home 4-12 Step 4: Specify the Standby Database File Locations Access Method 4-13 Step 4: Specify the Standby Database File Locations File Locations 4-14 Step 5: Specify Standby Database Configuration Parameters 4-15 Step 6: Review the Configuration Information 4-16 Standby Database Creation: Processing 4-17 Standby Database Creation: Progress 4-19 Standby Database Creation: Job Details 4-20 Verifying a Configuration 4-21 Reviewing Results of the Verify Operation 4-22 Creating Standby Redo Logs 4-23 Viewing the Data Guard Configuration Status 4-24 Viewing Data Guard Performance 4-25 Summary 4-27 Practice 4: Overview 4-28 iv

5 5 Creating a Physical Standby Database by Using SQL Objectives 5-2 Steps to Create a Physical Standby Database 5-3 Preparing the Primary Database 5-4 Initialization Parameters on the Primary Database 5-5 LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG 5-6 LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n 5-7 LOCATION and SERVICE Attributes 5-8 LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_n 5-9 Specifying Values for DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT 5-10 Specifying Values for LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT 5-11 Specifying a Value for LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT 5-12 Specifying a Value for STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT 5-13 ARCHIVE_LAG_TARGET 5-14 LOG_ARCHIVE_TRACE Parameter 5-15 LOG_ARCHIVE_TRACE 5-16 Backing Up the Primary Database by Using RMAN 5-17 Creating a Control File for the Standby Database 5-18 Copying Files to the Standby Database System 5-19 Oracle Managed Files (OMF) and Automatic Storage Management (ASM) 5-20 Initialization Parameters on the Standby 5-21 Specifying a Value for STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST 5-22 Setting Up the Environment to Support the Standby Database 5-23 Starting Up the Physical Standby Database 5-25 Additional Configuration Tasks 5-26 Special Note: Standby Database on Same System 5-27 Summary Data Protection Modes and Log Transport Services Objectives 6-2 Data Protection Modes and Log Transport Modes 6-3 Attributes of LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n 6-4 Setting the Log Transport Mode 6-6 Data Protection Modes 6-8 Maximum Protection 6-9 Maximum Availability 6-10 Maximum Performance 6-11 Setting the Data Protection Mode 6-12 Setting the Data Protection Mode by Using the CLI 6-14 Setting the Protection Mode by Using SQL 6-15 Delaying the Application of Redo 6-16 Using Enterprise Manager to Delay the Application of Redo 6-17 Setting LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n to Delay the Application of Redo 6-18 Using Flashback Database Instead of Apply Delay 6-19 Additional Attributes That Affect Log Transport Services 6-20 ALTERNATE and NOALTERNATE Attributes 6-21 MAX_FAILURE and NOMAX_FAILURE Attributes 6-22 NET_TIMEOUT and NONET_TIMEOUT Attributes 6-23 REOPEN and NOREOPEN Attributes 6-24 Summary 6-25 Practice 6: Overview 6-26 v

6 7 Data Guard SQL Apply Architecture Objectives 7-2 Benefits of Implementing a Logical Standby Database 7-3 Securing Your Logical Standby Database 7-5 Preparing to Create a Logical Standby Database 7-6 Unsupported Data Types 7-7 Unsupported Objects 7-8 Checking for Tables with Unsupported Data Types 7-9 Unsupported DDL Commands 7-10 Ensuring Unique Row Identifiers 7-11 Adding a Disabled Primary Key RELY Constraint 7-13 Supplemental Logging 7-14 Enabling Supplemental Logging 7-16 Verifying Values of Initialization Parameters 7-17 Creating a Logical Standby Database with Enterprise Manager 7-18 Using the Add Standby Database Wizard 7-19 Step 1: Specifying the Backup Type 7-20 Step 2: Specifying the Backup Options 7-21 Step 3: Selecting the Oracle Home Instance Name 7-22 Step 4: Specifying the Standby Database File Locations Access Method 7-23 Step 4: Specifying the Standby Database File Location File Locations 7-24 Step 5: Specifying Standby Database Configuration Parameters 7-25 Step 6: Reviewing the Configuration Information 7-26 Standby Database Creation Processing 7-27 Resolving a Failed or Canceled Configuration Creation 7-28 Summary 7-29 Practice 7: Overview Creating a Logical Standby Database by Using SQL Objectives 8-2 Preparing to Create a Logical Standby Database 8-3 Creating a Logical Standby Database 8-4 Step 1: Create a Physical Standby Database 8-5 Step 2: Prepare the Primary Database to Support a Logical Standby Database 8-6 Step 3: Prepare to Transition to a Logical Standby Database 8-8 Step 4: Start the Logical Standby Database 8-10 Step 5: Verify That the Logical Standby Database Is Performing Properly 8-12 Additional Configuration Tasks 8-14 Summary Switchover and Failover Objectives 9-2 Types of Roles in an Oracle Data Guard Configuration 9-3 Role Management Services 9-4 Role Transitions: Switchover and Failover 9-5 Role Transition Decision Tree 9-7 Switchover 9-8 Switchover: Before 9-9 Switchover: After 9-10 vi

7 Standby Redo Logs and Switchovers 9-11 Preparing for a Switchover 9-12 Performing a Switchover with Enterprise Manager 9-13 Performing a Switchover to a Physical Standby by Using SQL 9-16 Performing a Switchover to a Logical Standby by Using SQL 9-18 Considerations When Performing a Switchover to a Logical Standby Database 9-23 Situations That Prevent a Switchover 9-25 Failover 9-26 Failover Considerations 9-27 Performing a Failover with Enterprise Manager 9-28 Performing a Failover to a Physical Standby Database 9-31 Performing a Failover to a Logical Standby Database 9-32 Performing a Failover to a Physical Standby Database by Using SQL 9-33 Performing a Failover to a Logical Standby Database by Using SQL 9-36 Activating a Standby Database 9-38 Using Flashback Database After Failover 9-39 Summary 9-42 Practice 9: Overview Using Data Guard with RAC Objectives 10-2 Real Application Clusters and Data Guard 10-3 Configuration Considerations with RAC 10-4 Multi-Instance Primary with a Single-Instance Standby 10-6 Multi-Instance Primary with a Multi-Instance Standby 10-7 Log Transport with RAC to RAC 10-8 Setting Up a Primary Database with RAC 10-9 Setting Up a Standby Database with RAC Assigning Threads to Standby Redo Log Groups Apply Instance Failover Role Transitions with RAC Troubleshooting Summary Other Considerations for Oracle Data Guard Objectives 11-2 Offloading Backups to a Physical Standby 11-3 Backing Up a Physical Standby Database with RMAN 11-4 Backup and Recovery of a Logical Standby Database 11-6 Using Flashback Database and Real-Time Apply 11-7 Using Flashback Database After RESETLOGS 11-8 Enabling Redo Encryption Cascaded Redo Log Destinations Configuring Cascaded Redo Log Destinations: Physical Standby Configuring Cascaded Redo Log Destinations: Logical Standby Role Transitions with Cascaded Redo Log Destinations Summary vii

8 12 Workshop Objectives 12-2 Workshop Premise 12-3 Workshop Flow 12-4 Workshop Scenarios 12-5 Summary 12-8 Workshop Steps Appendix A: Practices and Solutions Appendix B: Oracle Data Guard: History viii

Oracle Database 10g: Data Guard Administration

Oracle Database 10g: Data Guard Administration Volume I Student Guide D17316GC20 Edition 2.0 October 2006 D47657 Author Donna K. Keesling Technical Contributors and Reviewers Christopher D. Andrews Harald