Oracle9i Database: Using OLAP

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1 Oracle9i Database: Using OLAP Student Guide D16001GC10 Edition 1.0 October 2003 D38689

2 Author Karen Kehn Technical Contributors and Reviewers William Endress Patricia Fay Nancy Greenberg Rosita Hanoman Thomas Hefter Yi Lu Marcelo Manzano Jose Marco-Dominguez David Michael Nagavalli Pataballa Carey Probst Morgan Russell Janet Stern Jameson White Copyright 2003, Oracle. All rights reserved. This documentation contains proprietary information of Oracle Corporation. It is provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and is also protected by copyright law. Reverse engineering of the software is prohibited. If this documentation is delivered to a U.S. Government Agency of the Department of Defense, then it is delivered with Restricted Rights and the following legend is applicable: Restricted Rights Legend Use, duplication or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions for commercial computer software and shall be deemed to be Restricted Rights software under Federal law, as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of DFARS , Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software (October 1988). This material or any portion of it may not be copied in any form or by any means without the express prior written permission of Oracle Corporation. Any other copying is a violation of copyright law and may result in civil and/or criminal penalties. If this documentation is delivered to a U.S. Government Agency not within the Department of Defense, then it is delivered with Restricted Rights, as defined in FAR , Rights in Data-General, including Alternate III (June 1987). The information in this document is subject to change without notice. If you find any problems in the documentation, please report them in writing to Education Products, Oracle Corporation, 500 Oracle Parkway, Box SB-6, Redwood Shores, CA Oracle Corporation does not warrant that this document is error-free. Oracle is a registered trademark and all references to Oracle and Oracle products are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle Corporation. All other products or company names are used for identification purposes only, and may be trademarks of their respective owners. Publisher Michael Sebastian

3 Contents Preface 1 Introduction to Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) Objectives 1-2 Why Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)? 1-3 Data Warehousing and OLAP 1-4 Characteristics of Transactional and Analytical Queries 1-6 Types of Business Intelligence Applications 1-7 Reporting Applications 1-8 Ad Hoc Query and Reporting 1-9 Multidimensional Analytical Applications 1-10 Predictive Analysis and Planning Applications 1-12 Additional Trends in Business Intelligence Applications 1-13 Oracle9i Integrated Relational-Multidimensional Database 1-15 Advantages of an Integrated RDBMS-MDDS 1-16 Overview of Installing OLAP 1-18 Migration from Express Server 1-20 For More Information 1-24 Summary OLAP Components Objectives 2-2 Oracle9i OLAP Architecture 2-3 Advantages of Multidimensional Technology 2-5 Integrated Database Process 2-6 Integrated Relational and Multidimensional Data Storage 2-7 Multidimensional Data Model (Logical View) 2-8 Multidimensional Data Model (Physical View) 2-10 Components of OLAP 2-12 Calculation Engine 2-13 Analytic Workspaces 2-14 OLAP Catalog Metadata 2-15 OLAP API 2-16 OLAP DML 2-17 PL/SQL Table Functions 2-19 Summary 2-20 iii

4 3 Designing and Building a Database for OLAP Objectives 3-2 Types of Data That Are Stored in a Data Warehouse 3-3 OLAP Metadata Model 3-5 Relational Cube 3-7 Measures 3-8 Dimensions 3-9 Time Dimensions 3-11 Hierarchical Dimensions 3-13 Levels 3-14 Attributes 3-15 Multidimensional Cube 3-17 Measure Folders 3-18 Components of the OLAP Toolset 3-19 Oracle Warehouse Builder (OWB) 3-20 Capabilities of Using OWB 3-21 Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM) 3-22 Capabilities of Using OEM 3-23 Analytic Workspace Manager (AWM) Tool 3-24 Capabilities of Using AWM 3-25 CWM DBMS_AWM API 3-27 Implementing OLAP in the Data Warehouse 3-28 Data Structures in the Relational and Multidimensional Data Stores 3-29 Relational Table Storage 3-30 Multidimensional Storage 3-31 Temporary and Persistent Analytic Workspaces (AWs) 3-32 Schema: Overview 3-33 Choosing a Schema 3-35 Summary Developing OLAP Applications Objectives 4-2 Applications Access to Oracle OLAP 4-3 Methods of Querying Analytic Workspaces 4-4 How Is the Data Accessed in Multidimensional Objects? 4-5 Methods of Accessing Multidimensional Data Using SQL 4-6 SQL Queries Selecting from Relational Views and Tables 4-7 SQL Queries Selecting Directly from Table Functions 4-8 Embedding OLAP DML Commands in SQL 4-9 PL/SQL Packages: Direct Interaction with the Multidimensional Engine 4-10 iv

5 Java Solution for OLAP 4-12 Understanding the OLAP API 4-13 How the OLAP API Accesses Multidimensional Data 4-14 Intelligent Caching 4-16 Calculation Capabilities 4-17 Oracle Java Development Environment 4-19 Introducing BI Beans 4-20 BI Beans and the OLAP API 4-21 JDeveloper and BI Beans: Example 4-23 Summary Creating OLAP Metadata Objectives 5-2 Overview of the OLAP Catalog 5-3 CWM and CWM2 5-4 OLAP Catalog Components 5-5 Logical Steps for Creating OLAP Metadata 5-6 Accessing the OLAP Catalog for CWM 5-7 Usage of CWM and CWM2 5-8 Dimension Tables with Complex Hierarchies 5-9 Solved and Unsolved Fact Data 5-10 Multidimensional Data 5-11 Parent/Child Dimensions 5-12 Methods for Creating OLAP Metadata 5-13 Oracle Warehouse Builder 5-14 Creating Metadata by Using Oracle Enterprise Manager 5-15 Accessing OLAP Management 5-16 Defining CWM Metadata for Dimension Tables 5-17 Using the Dimension Wizard 5-18 Defining CWM Metadata for Fact Tables 5-20 Cube Viewer 5-22 Creating Metadata Using PL/SQL 5-23 CWM2 Packages 5-24 Views of OLAP Catalog Metadata 5-26 Summary Creating Materialized Views for OLAP API Objectives 6-2 Materialized Views (MVs) 6-3 Benefits of Materialized Views 6-4 Materialized Views Required for a Cube 6-5 Using the DBMS_ODM Package 6-6 DBMS_ODM Subprograms 6-8 v

6 Dimension Materialized Views 6-10 Fact Materialized Views 6-12 Statistics 6-13 Bitmap Indexes 6-14 Summary Analytic Workspaces Objectives 7-2 Analytic Workspaces (AWs) 7-3 Advantages of Analytic Workspaces 7-4 Choosing to Use an Analytic Workspace 7-5 Oracle Warehouse Builder 7-6 Analytic Workspace Manager (AWM) Tool 7-8 OLAP Catalog View 7-9 Object View 7-10 Steps to Create an AW Using AWM 7-11 The Create Analytic Workspace Wizard 7-12 AW Objects 7-24 Customize with the Worksheet Tool 7-25 Enable the AW for Applications 7-26 Creating AWs Programmatically 7-27 Step One: Create the OLAP Catalog Metadata 7-28 Step Two: Identify Data for the AW 7-29 Step Three: Define the Load Jobs 7-30 Step Four: Execute the Load Jobs 7-32 Step Five: Generate SQL Access to the AW 7-33 Step Six: Create Metadata for the AW Data 7-34 AW Data Dictionary Views 7-35 Summary Analytic Workspaces and OLAP DML Objectives 8-2 Analytic Workspace Objects and OLAP DML 8-3 OLAP DML 8-4 Basic Categories of OLAP DML Commands 8-6 Aggregation 8-7 Allocation 8-8 Data Selection 8-9 Data Exchange 8-10 File Reading and Writing 8-12 Financial Operations 8-13 Forecasts and Regressions 8-14 vi

7 Models 8-15 Numeric Computations 8-16 Statistical Operations 8-17 Text Manipulation 8-18 Time Series Manipulation 8-19 Methods of Executing OLAP DML Commands 8-20 Executing the OLAP Worksheet 8-21 OLAP Worksheet 8-22 Embedding OLAP DML Commands 8-23 Summary SQL Access to Analytic Workspaces Objectives 9-2 Overview of DBMS_AW and OLAP_TABLE 9-3 DBMS_AW Package 9-4 DBMS_AW: Examples 9-6 OLAP_TABLE Function: Overview 9-8 Embedding an OLAP_TABLE Function in a View 9-9 Process of Embedding an OLAP_TABLE Function in a View 9-10 Step One: Creating an Abstract Data Type 9-11 Step Two: Creating the View 9-12 Step Three: Selecting Data from the View 9-13 Optimizing Analytic Capabilities with SQL 9-14 Advantages of the OLAP_TABLE Function 9-15 Using the OLAP_TABLE Function in a SQL SELECT Statement 9-16 SQL SELECT Statement: Example 9-17 Supported Data Forms 9-18 Summary OLAP API Access to Analytic Workspaces Objectives 10-2 OLAP API: Overview 10-3 Multidimensional Concepts with OLAP API 10-4 What Data Can You Access Through the OLAP API? 10-5 What Can an Application Do with the Oracle API? 10-6 OLAP API Architecture 10-7 Physical Level 10-8 Metadata Level 10-9 Metadata Object Level Application Model Developing an OLAP API Application Template Objects vii

8 Source Objects Cursor Objects Presentation Objects BI Beans: Example Transaction Processing Executing DML Commands Through a Connection Summary Administrative Tasks Associated with Oracle OLAP Objectives 11-2 Administration: Overview 11-3 Parameters for Oracle OLAP 11-5 Initialization Parameters for OLAP API 11-7 Creating Tablespaces for Analytic Workspaces 11-9 Setting Up Usernames Granting Roles and Privileges to a User Through OEM Controlling Access to External Files Monitoring Performance OLAP Performance Views V$AW_CALC V$AW_OLAP V$AW_SESSION_INFO User-Owned Tables That Are Associated with Aws System Tables That Are Associated with Aws Summary Appendix A: Practices Appendix B: Solutions viii

Oracle Database 10g: Advanced PL/SQL

Oracle Database 10g: Advanced PL/SQL Student Guide D17220GC10 Edition 1.0 June 2004 D39598 Authors Nancy Greenberg Aniket Raut Technical Contributors and Reviewers Andrew Brannigan Christoph Burandt Dairy