Outline. Petri nets. Introduction Examples Properties Analysis techniques. 1 EE249Fall04
|
|
- Posy Fisher
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Outline Petri nets Introduction Examples Properties Analysis techniques 1
2 Petri Nets (PNs) Model introduced by C.A. Petri in 1962 Ph.D. Thesis: Communication with Automata Applications: distributed computing, manufacturing, control, communication networks, transportation PNs describe explicitly and graphically: sequencing/causality conflict/non-deterministic choice concurrency Basic PN model Asynchronous model (partial ordering) Main drawback: no hierarchy 2
3 Example: Synchronization at single track rail segment Preconditions 3
4 Playing the token game 4
5 Conflict for resource track 5
6 Petri Net Graph Bipartite weighted directed graph: Places: circles Transitions: bars or boxes Arcs: arrows labeled with weights Tokens: black dots p2 p1 t1 t2 2 p4 t3 3 6 p3
7 Petri Net A PN (N,M0) is a Petri Net Graph N places: represent distributed state by holding tokens marking (state) M is an n-vector (m1,m2,m3 ), where mi is the non-negative number of tokens in place pi. initial marking (M 0 ) is initial state transitions: represent actions/events enabled transition: enough tokens in predecessors firing transition: modifies marking and an initial marking M0. p1 t1 p2 t2 2 p4 7 Places/Transitions: conditions/events p3 t3 3
8 Transition firing rule A marking is changed according to the following rules: A transition is enabled if there are enough tokens in each input place An enabled transition may or may not fire The firing of a transition modifies marking by consuming tokens from the input places and producing tokens in the output places
9 Concurrency, causality, choice t1 t2 t5 9 t3 t4 t6
10 Concurrency, causality, choice t1 Concurrency t2 t5 10 t3 t4 t6
11 Concurrency, causality, choice t1 t2 Causality, sequencing t5 11 t3 t4 t6
12 Concurrency, causality, choice t1 t2 t5 12 t3 t4 t6 Choice, conflict
13 Concurrency, causality, choice t1 t2 t5 13 t3 t4 t6 Choice, conflict
14 Communication Protocol Send msg Receive msg P1 P2 Send Ack Receive Ack 14
15 Communication Protocol Send msg Receive msg P1 P2 Send Ack Receive Ack 15
16 Communication Protocol Send msg Receive msg P1 P2 Send Ack Receive Ack 16
17 Communication Protocol Send msg Receive msg P1 P2 Send Ack Receive Ack 17
18 Communication Protocol Send msg Receive msg P1 P2 Send Ack Receive Ack 18
19 Communication Protocol Send msg Receive msg P1 P2 Send Ack Receive Ack 19
20 Producer-Consumer Problem Produce Buffer Consume 20
21 Producer-Consumer Problem Produce Buffer Consume 21
22 Producer-Consumer Problem Produce Buffer Consume 22
23 Producer-Consumer Problem Produce Buffer Consume 23
24 Producer-Consumer Problem Produce Buffer Consume 24
25 Producer-Consumer Problem Produce Buffer Consume 25
26 Producer-Consumer Problem Produce Buffer Consume 26
27 Producer-Consumer Problem Produce Buffer Consume 27
28 Producer-Consumer Problem Produce Buffer Consume 28
29 Producer-Consumer Problem Produce Buffer Consume 29
30 Producer-Consumer Problem Produce Buffer Consume 30
31 Producer-Consumer Problem Produce Buffer Consume 31
32 Producer-Consumer Problem Produce Buffer Consume 32
33 Producer-Consumer Problem Produce Buffer Consume 33
34 Producer-Consumer with priority A Consumer B can consume only if buffer A is empty Inhibitor arcs B 34
35 PN properties Behavioral: depend on the initial marking (most interesting) Reachability Boundedness Schedulability Liveness Conservation Structural: do not depend on the initial marking (often too restrictive) Consistency Structural boundedness 35
36 Reachability Marking M is reachable from marking M0 if there exists a sequence of firings σ = M0 t1 M1 t2 M2 M that transforms M0 to M. The reachability problem is decidable. p1 t1 p2 t2 p4 Μ0 = (1,0,1,0) t3 p3 t3 M1 = (1,0,0,1) t2 36 Μ0 = (1,0,1,0) M = (1,1,0,0) M = (1,1,0,0)
37 Liveness Liveness: from any marking any transition can become fireable Liveness implies deadlock freedom, not viceversa Not live 37
38 Liveness Liveness: from any marking any transition can become fireable Liveness implies deadlock freedom, not viceversa Not live 38
39 Liveness Liveness: from any marking any transition can become fireable Liveness implies deadlock freedom, not viceversa Deadlock-free 39
40 Liveness Liveness: from any marking any transition can become fireable Liveness implies deadlock freedom, not viceversa Deadlock-free 40
41 Boundedness Boundedness: the number of tokens in any place cannot grow indefinitely (1-bounded also called safe) Application: places represent buffers and registers (check there is no overflow) Unbounded 41
42 Boundedness Boundedness: the number of tokens in any place cannot grow indefinitely (1-bounded also called safe) Application: places represent buffers and registers (check there is no overflow) Unbounded 42
43 Boundedness Boundedness: the number of tokens in any place cannot grow indefinitely (1-bounded also called safe) Application: places represent buffers and registers (check there is no overflow) Unbounded 43
44 Boundedness Boundedness: the number of tokens in any place cannot grow indefinitely (1-bounded also called safe) Application: places represent buffers and registers (check there is no overflow) Unbounded 44
45 Boundedness Boundedness: the number of tokens in any place cannot grow indefinitely (1-bounded also called safe) Application: places represent buffers and registers (check there is no overflow) Unbounded 45
46 Conservation Conservation: the total number of tokens in the net is constant Not conservative 46
47 Conservation Conservation: the total number of tokens in the net is constant Not conservative 47
48 Conservation Conservation: the total number of tokens in the net is constant Conservative
49 Analysis techniques Structural analysis techniques Incidence matrix T- and S- Invariants State Space Analysis techniques Coverability Tree Reachability Graph 49
50 Incidence Matrix t2 p1 t1 p2 p3 t3 A= t1 t2 t p1 p2 p3 Necessary condition for marking M to be reachable from initial marking M 0 : there exists firing vector v s.t.: M = M 0 + A v 50
51 State equations E.g. reachability of M = T from M 0 = T p1 t1 p2 t2 p3 t3 A= v 1 = = but also v 2 = T or any v k = 1 (k) (k+1) T
52 Necessary Condition only t2 t1 t3 2 2 Firing vector: (1,2,2) Deadlock!! 52
53 State equations and invariants Solutions of Ax = 0 (in M = M0 + Ax, M = M0) T-invariants sequences of transitions that (if fireable) bring back to original marking periodic schedule in SDF e.g. x = T 53 t2 p1 t1 p2 p3 t3 A=
54 Application of T-invariants Scheduling Cyclic schedules: need to return to the initial state i *k2 + o *k1 T-invariant: (1,1,1,1,1) Schedule: i *k2 *k1 + o 54
55 State equations and invariants Solutions of ya = 0 S-invariants sets of places whose weighted total token count does not change after the firing of any transition (y M = y M ) e.g. y = T t2 p1 t1 p2 p3 t3 A T =
56 Application of S-invariants Structural Boundedness: bounded for any finite initial marking M0 Existence of a positive S-invariant is CS for structural boundedness initial marking is finite weighted token count does not change 56
57 Summary of algebraic methods Extremely efficient (polynomial in the size of the net) Generally provide only necessary or sufficient information Excellent for ruling out some deadlocks or otherwise dangerous conditions Can be used to infer structural boundedness 57
58 Coverability Tree Build a (finite) tree representation of the markings Karp-Miller algorithm Label initial marking M0 as the root of the tree and tag it as new While new markings exist do: select a new marking M if M is identical to a marking on the path from the root to M, then tag M as old and go to another new marking if no transitions are enabled at M, tag M dead-end while there exist enabled transitions at M do: obtain the marking M that results from firing t at M on the path from the root to M if there exists a marking M such that M (p)>=m (p) for each place p and M is different from M, then replace M (p) by ω for each p such that M (p) >M (p) introduce M as a node, draw an arc with label t from M to M and tag M as new. 58
59 Coverability Tree Boundedness is decidable with coverability tree 1000 t2 p1 t1 p2 p3 t3 p4 59
60 Coverability Tree Boundedness is decidable with coverability tree t2 p1 t1 p2 p t t3 p4 60
61 Coverability Tree Boundedness is decidable with coverability tree t2 p1 t1 p2 p t t t3 p4 61
62 Coverability Tree Boundedness is decidable with coverability tree t2 p1 t1 p2 p3 t3 p t t t
63 Coverability Tree Boundedness is decidable with coverability tree t2 p1 t1 p2 p3 t3 p t t t2 010ω 63
64 Coverability Tree Is (1) reachable from (0)? t1 p1 t2 t1 p1 t
65 Coverability Tree Is (1) reachable from (0)? t1 p1 t2 0 t1 ω (0) (1) (2) t1 2 p1 2 t2 65
66 Coverability Tree Is (1) reachable from (0)? t1 p1 t2 0 t1 ω (0) (1) (2) t1 2 p1 2 t2 0 t1 ω (0) (2) (0) 66
67 Coverability Tree Is (1) reachable from (0)? t1 p1 t2 0 t1 ω (0) (1) (2) t1 2 p1 2 t2 0 t1 ω (0) (2) (0) Cannot solve the reachability problem 67
68 Reachability graph t2 p1 t1 p2 p3 100 t3 For bounded nets the Coverability Tree is called Reachability Tree since it contains all possible reachable markings 68
69 Reachability graph t2 p1 t1 p2 p3 t t1 For bounded nets the Coverability Tree is called Reachability Tree since it contains all possible reachable markings 69
70 Reachability graph t2 p1 t1 p2 p3 t t1 t3 For bounded nets the Coverability Tree is called Reachability Tree since it contains all possible reachable markings 70
71 Reachability graph t2 p1 t1 p2 p3 t3 t t1 t3 For bounded nets the Coverability Tree is called Reachability Tree since it contains all possible reachable markings 71
72 Subclasses of Petri nets Reachability analysis is too expensive State equations give only partial information Some properties are preserved by reduction rules e.g. for liveness and safeness Even reduction rules only work in some cases Must restrict class in order to prove stronger results 72
73 Marked Graphs Every place has at most 1 predecessor and 1 successor transition Models only causality and concurrency (no conflict) YES NO 73
74 State Machines Every transition has at most 1 predecessor and 1 successor place Models only causality and conflict (no concurrency, no synchronization of parallel activities) YES NO 74
75 Free-Choice Petri Nets (FCPN) Free-Choice (FC) every transition after choice has exactly 1 predecessor place t1 Confusion (not-free-choice) t2 Extended Free-Choice Free-Choice: the outcome of a choice depends on the value of a token (abstracted non-deterministically) rather than on its arrival time. 75
76 Free-Choice nets Introduced by Hack ( 72) Extensively studied by Best ( 86) and Desel and Esparza ( 95) Can express concurrency, causality and choice without confusion Very strong structural theory necessary and sufficient conditions for liveness and safeness, based on decomposition exploits duality between MG and SM 76
77 MG (& SM) decomposition An Allocation is a control function that chooses which transition fires among several conflicting ones ( A: P T). Eliminate the subnet that would be inactive if we were to use the allocation... Reduction Algorithm Delete all unallocated transitions Delete all places that have all input transitions already deleted Delete all transitions that have at least one input place already deleted Obtain a Reduction (one for each allocation) that is a conflict free subnet 77
78 MG reduction and cover Choose one successor for each conflicting place: 78
79 MG reduction and cover Choose one successor for each conflicting place: 79
80 MG reduction and cover Choose one successor for each conflicting place: 80
81 MG reduction and cover Choose one successor for each conflicting place: 81
82 MG reduction and cover Choose one successor for each conflicting place: 82
83 MG reductions The set of all reductions yields a cover of MG components (Tinvariants) 83
84 MG reductions The set of all reductions yields a cover of MG components (Tinvariants) 84
85 MG reductions The set of all reductions yields a cover of MG components (Tinvariants) 85
86 Hack s theorem ( 72) Let N be a Free-Choice PN: N has a live and safe initial marking (well-formed) if and only if every MG reduction is strongly connected and not empty, and the set of all reductions covers the net every SM reduction is strongly connected and not empty, and the set of all reductions covers the net 86
87 Hack s theorem Example of non-live (but safe) FCN 87
88 Hack s theorem Example of non-live (but safe) FCN 88
89 Hack s theorem Example of non-live (but safe) FCN 89
90 Hack s theorem Example of non-live (but safe) FCN 90
91 Hack s theorem Example of non-live (but safe) FCN 91
92 Hack s theorem Example of non-live (but safe) FCN 92
93 Hack s theorem Example of non-live (but safe) FCN 93
94 Hack s theorem Example of non-live (but safe) FCN 94
95 Hack s theorem Example of non-live (but safe) FCN 95
96 Hack s theorem Example of non-live (but safe) FCN 96
97 Hack s theorem Example of non-live (but safe) FCN 97
98 Hack s theorem Example of non-live (but safe) FCN 98
99 Hack s theorem Example of non-live (but safe) FCN 99
100 Hack s theorem Example of non-live (but safe) FCN 100
101 Hack s theorem Example of non-live (but safe) FCN 101
102 Hack s theorem Example of non-live (but safe) FCN Deadlock 102
103 Summary of LSFC nets Largest class for which structural theory really helps Structural component analysis may be expensive (exponential number of MG and SM components in the worst case) But number of MG components is generally small FC restriction simplifies characterization of behavior 103
104 Petri Net extensions Add interpretation to tokens and transitions Colored nets (tokens have value) Add time Time/timed Petri Nets (deterministic delay) type (duration, delay) where (place, transition) Stochastic PNs (probabilistic delay) Generalized Stochastic PNs (timed and immediate transitions) Add hierarchy Place Charts Nets 104
105 PNs Summary 2 PN Graph: places (buffers), transitions (actions), tokens (data) Firing rule: transition enabled if there are enough tokens in each input place Properties Structural (consistency, structural boundedness ) Behavioral (reachability, boundedness, liveness ) Analysis techniques Structural (only CN or CS): State equations, Invariants Behavioral: coverability tree Reachability Subclasses: Marked Graphs, State Machines, Free-Choice PNs 105
106 References T. Murata Petri Nets: Properties, Analysis and Applications 106
Petri Nets ee249 Fall 2000
Petri Nets ee249 Fall 2000 Marco Sgroi Most slides borrowed from Luciano Lavagno s lecture ee249 (1998) 1 Models Of Computation for reactive systems Main MOCs: Communicating Finite State Machines Dataflow
More informationEE249 Discussion Petri Nets: Properties, Analysis and Applications - T. Murata. Chang-Ching Wu 10/9/2007
EE249 Discussion Petri Nets: Properties, Analysis and Applications - T. Murata Chang-Ching Wu 10/9/2007 What are Petri Nets A graphical & modeling tool. Describe systems that are concurrent, asynchronous,
More informationWEEK 5 - APPLICATION OF PETRI NETS. 4.4 Producers-consumers problem with priority
4.4 Producers-consumers problem with priority The net shown in Fig. 27 represents a producers-consumers system with priority, i.e., consumer A has priority over consumer B in the sense that A can consume
More informationContents Introduction Petri Net Toolbox at a First Glance... 4
Learning about Petri Ne t Toolbox For Use with MATLAB Version 2.1 Mihaela-Hanako Matcovschi Cristian Mahulea Octavian Pastravanu 2005 Contents Contents... 2 Introduction Petri Net Toolbox at a First Glance...
More informationPetri Nets ~------~ R-ES-O---N-A-N-C-E-I--se-p-te-m--be-r Applications.
Petri Nets 2. Applications Y Narahari Y Narahari is currently an Associate Professor of Computer Science and Automation at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. His research interests are broadly
More informationCoverability Graph and Fairness
Coverability Graph and Fairness prof.dr.ir. Wil van der Aalst www.vdaalst.com Recall reachability analysis or1 x r1 rg1 g1 go1 o1 r2 rg2 g2 go2 o2 or2 Petri net standard properties Boundedness Terminating
More informationFrom Task Graphs to Petri Nets
From Task Graphs to Petri Nets Anthony Spiteri Staines Department of Computer Inf. Systems, Faculty of ICT, University of Malta Abstract This paper describes the similarities between task graphs and Petri
More informationEmbedded Systems 7 BF - ES - 1 -
Embedded Systems 7-1 - Production system A modelbased realtime faultdiagnosis system for technical processes Ch. Steger, R. Weiss - 2 - Sprout Counter Flow Pipeline-Processor Based on a stream of data
More informationDiscrete, Continuous, and Hybrid Petri Nets
Discrete, Continuous, and Hybrid Petri Nets Bearbeitet von René David, Hassane Alla 1. Auflage 2004. Buch. XXII, 570 S. Hardcover ISBN 978 3 540 22480 8 Format (B x L): 15,5 x 23,5 cm Gewicht: 2080 g Weitere
More informationAn Algorithm to Compute a Basis of Petri Net Invariants
An Algorithm to Compute a Basis of Petri Net Invariants S. Cayir and M. Ucer Electronics and Communication Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey cayirs@itu.edu.tr and murvet@ehb.itu.edu.tr
More informationPetri Net-based Thread Composition for Improved System Level Simulation
Petri Net-based Thread Composition for Improved System Level Simulation Nick Savoiu UC Irvine savoiu@ics.uci.edu Sandeep K. Shukla Virginia Tech shukla@vt.edu Rajesh K. Gupta UC San Diego gupta@cs.ucsd.edu
More informationEmbedded Systems 7. Models of computation for embedded systems
Embedded Systems 7 - - Models of computation for embedded systems Communication/ local computations Communicating finite state machines Data flow model Computational graphs Von Neumann model Discrete event
More informationEmbedded Systems 7. Petri net plan coordination for robocup teams G. Kontes and M.G. Lagoudakis BF - ES BF - ES - 2 -
Embedded Systems 7-1 - Petri net plan coordination for robocup teams G. Kontes and M.G. Lagoudakis - 2-1 Passing Maneuver Teamwork Design Based on Petri Net Plan P. F. Palamara, V. A. Ziparo, L. Iocchi,
More informationDiagnostic Information for Control-Flow Analysis of Workflow Graphs (aka Free-Choice Workflow Nets)
Diagnostic Information for Control-Flow Analysis of Workflow Graphs (aka Free-Choice Workflow Nets) Cédric Favre(1,2), Hagen Völzer(1), Peter Müller(2) (1) IBM Research - Zurich (2) ETH Zurich 1 Outline
More informationPetri Nets. Robert A. McGuigan, Department of Mathematics, Westfield State
24 Petri Nets Author: College. Robert A. McGuigan, Department of Mathematics, Westfield State Prerequisites: The prerequisites for this chapter are graphs and digraphs. See Sections 9.1, 9.2, and 10.1
More informationEE 249 Discussion: Synthesis of Embedded Software using Free- Choice Petri Nets
EE 249 Discussion: Synthesis of Embedded Software using Free- Choice Petri Nets By :Marco Sgroi, Luciano Lavagno, Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli Shanna-Shaye Forbes Software synthesis from a concurrent
More informationCA441 BPM - Modelling Workflow with Petri Nets. Modelling Workflow with Petri Nets. Workflow Management Issues. Workflow. Process.
Modelling Workflow with Petri Nets 1 Workflow Management Issues Georgakopoulos,Hornick, Sheth Process Workflow specification Workflow Implementation =workflow application Business Process Modelling/ Workflow
More informationAPETRI net (PN) (cf. [1] [3]) is said to be live if it is possible
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL, VOL 57, NO 2, FEBRUARY 2012 435 On the Existence of Supervisory Policies That Enforce Liveness in Partially Controlled Free-Choice Petri Nets R S Sreenivas, Senior
More informationPetri Nets: Properties, Applications, and Variations. Matthew O'Brien University of Pittsburgh
Petri Nets: Properties, Applications, and Variations Matthew O'Brien University of Pittsburgh Introduction A Petri Net is a graphical and mathematical modeling tool used to describe and study information
More informationSolution: Petri nets Homework 1. Discussed on Thursday 21 st April, 2016.
Technische Universität München (I7) Summer term 2016 Prof. J. Esparza / P. Meyer Thursday 14 th April, 2016 Solution Petri nets Homework 1 Discussed on Thursday 21 st April, 2016. For questions regarding
More informationConcurrent Systems Modeling using Petri Nets Part II
Concurrent Systems Modeling using Petri Nets Part II Marlon Dumas (Based on lecture material by Wil van der Aalst Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands http://www.workflowcourse.com) PN-1
More informationIntroduction to Electronic Design Automation. Model of Computation. Model of Computation. Model of Computation
Introduction to Electronic Design Automation Model of Computation Jie-Hong Roland Jiang 江介宏 Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University Spring 03 Model of Computation In system design,
More informationTimo Latvala. January 28, 2004
Reactive Systems: Kripke Structures and Automata Timo Latvala January 28, 2004 Reactive Systems: Kripke Structures and Automata 3-1 Properties of systems invariants: the system never reaches a bad state
More informationAn Introduction to Modular Process Nets
An Introduction to Modular Process Nets Dietmar Wikarski 1 TR-96-019 April 1996 1. On leave from Fraunhofer Institute for Software Engineering and Systems Engineering (ISST) Berlin, Germany An Introduction
More informationModelling, Analysis and Scheduling with Dataflow Models
technische universiteit eindhoven Modelling, Analysis and Scheduling with Dataflow Models Marc Geilen, Bart Theelen, Twan Basten, Sander Stuijk, AmirHossein Ghamarian, Jeroen Voeten Eindhoven University
More informationHierarchical Petri Net Simulator: Simulation, Design Validation, and Model Checking Tool for Hierarchical Place/Transition Petri Nets
Hierarchical Petri Net Simulator: Simulation, Design Validation, and Model Checking Tool for Hierarchical Place/Transition Petri Nets Yojiro Harie and Katsumi Wasaki Interdisciplinary Graduate School of
More informationStochastic Petri nets
Stochastic Petri nets 1 Stochastic Petri nets Markov Chain grows very fast with the dimension of the system Petri nets: High-level specification formalism Markovian Stochastic Petri nets adding temporal
More informationPetri Nets and PNeS in Modeling and Analysis of Concurrent Systems
Petri Nets and PNeS in Modeling and Analysis of Concurrent Systems Zbigniew Suraj and Piotr Grochowalski Department of Computer Science University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland e-mail:{zbigniew.suraj,piotrg}@ur.edu.pl
More informationConcurrent Systems Modeling using Petri Nets Part II
Concurrent Systems Modeling using Petri Nets Part II Marlon Dumas (Based on lecture material by Wil van der Aalst Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands http://www.workflowcourse.com) PN-1
More informationT Reactive Systems: Kripke Structures and Automata
Tik-79.186 Reactive Systems 1 T-79.186 Reactive Systems: Kripke Structures and Automata Spring 2005, Lecture 3 January 31, 2005 Tik-79.186 Reactive Systems 2 Properties of systems invariants: the system
More informationRavi K. Gedela, Sol M. Shatz and Haiping Xu Concurrent Software Systems Lab The University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL USA
Compositional Petri Net Models of Advanced Tasking in Ada-95 1 Ravi K. Gedela, Sol M. Shatz and Haiping Xu Concurrent Software Systems Lab The University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL 60607 USA Abstract
More informationComposability Test of BOM based models using Petri Nets
I. Mahmood, R. Ayani, V. Vlassov and F. Moradi 7 Composability Test of BOM based models using Petri Nets Imran Mahmood 1, Rassul Ayani 1, Vladimir Vlassov 1, and Farshad Moradi 2 1 Royal Institute of Technology
More informationFundamental Algorithms for System Modeling, Analysis, and Optimization
Fundamental Algorithms for System Modeling, Analysis, and Optimization Stavros Tripakis, Edward A. Lee UC Berkeley EECS 144/244 Fall 2014 Copyright 2014, E. A. Lee, J. Roydhowdhury, S. A. Seshia, S. Tripakis
More informationFrom synchronous models to distributed, asynchronous architectures
From synchronous models to distributed, asynchronous architectures Stavros Tripakis Joint work with Claudio Pinello, Cadence Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, UC Berkeley Albert Benveniste, IRISA (France)
More informationA Quality of Service Decision Model for ATM-LAN/MAN Interconnection
A Quality of Service Decision for ATM-LAN/MAN Interconnection N. Davies, P. Francis-Cobley Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol Introduction With ATM networks now coming of age, there
More informationModels of Petri Nets
Artificial Intelligence Applications to Business and Engineering Domains 113 Models of Petri Nets MODELING AND SOLVING TECHNOLOGICAL TASKS BY LANGUAGE OF PETRI NETS Nataliya Golian, Vera Golian, Olga Kalynychenko
More informationA Schedulability-Preserving Transformation Scheme from Boolean- Controlled Dataflow Networks to Petri Nets
Schedulability-Preserving ransformation Scheme from oolean- ontrolled Dataflow Networks to Petri Nets ong Liu Edward. Lee University of alifornia at erkeley erkeley,, 94720, US {congliu,eal}@eecs. berkeley.edu
More informationPerformance Testing from UML Models with Resource Descriptions *
Performance Testing from UML Models with Resource Descriptions * Flávio M. de Oliveira 1, Rômulo da S. Menna 1, Hugo V. Vieira 1, Duncan D.A. Ruiz 1 1 Faculdade de Informática Pontifícia Universidade Católica
More informationBuilding Synchronous DataFlow graphs with UML & MARTE/CCSL
Building Synchronous DataFlow graphs with UML & MARTE/CCSL F. Mallet, J. DeAntoni, C. André, R. de Simone Aoste - INRIA/I3S Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis UML & Formal methods Ambiguity and structural
More informationDataflow Languages. Languages for Embedded Systems. Prof. Stephen A. Edwards. March Columbia University
Dataflow Languages Languages for Embedded Systems Prof. Stephen A. Edwards Columbia University March 2009 Philosophy of Dataflow Languages Drastically different way of looking at computation Von Neumann
More informationFinal exam to Modellierung
Name: First name: Matr.Nr: Universität Duisburg-Essen WS 2008/09 Ingenieurwissenschaften / Informatik 4. August 2009 Professor: Prof. Dr. Barbara König Klausur Final exam to Modellierung The exam consists
More informationBy: Chaitanya Settaluri Devendra Kalia
By: Chaitanya Settaluri Devendra Kalia What is an embedded system? An embedded system Uses a controller to perform some function Is not perceived as a computer Software is used for features and flexibility
More informationDUH! Deadlocks. Concurrency Issues. The TENEX Case. If a process requests all systems buffers, operator console tries to print an error message
1 Concurrency Issues Past lectures: Problem: Safely coordinate access to shared resource Solutions: Use semaphores, monitors, locks, condition variables Coordinate access within shared objects Deadlocks
More informationEECS 144/244: Fundamental Algorithms for System Modeling, Analysis, and Optimization
EECS 144/244: Fundamental Algorithms for System Modeling, Analysis, and Optimization Dataflow Lecture: SDF, Kahn Process Networks Stavros Tripakis University of California, Berkeley Stavros Tripakis: EECS
More informationThroughout this course, we use the terms vertex and node interchangeably.
Chapter Vertex Coloring. Introduction Vertex coloring is an infamous graph theory problem. It is also a useful toy example to see the style of this course already in the first lecture. Vertex coloring
More informationINF672 Protocol Safety and Verification. Karthik Bhargavan Xavier Rival Thomas Clausen
INF672 Protocol Safety and Verication Karthik Bhargavan Xavier Rival Thomas Clausen 1 Course Outline Lecture 1 [Today, Sep 15] Introduction, Motivating Examples Lectures 2-4 [Sep 22,29, Oct 6] Network
More informationModeling Hybrid Systems with Petri Nets
Modeling Hybrid Systems with Petri Nets Debjyoti Bera, Kees van Hee and Henk Nijmeijer Abstract The behavior of a hybrid system is a mixture of continuous behavior and discrete event behavior. The Simulink/Stateflow
More informationModelling of a Sequential Low-level Language Program Using Petri Nets
Innovative Systems Design and Engineering ISSN 2222-1727 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2871 (Online) Vol 2, No 5, 2011 www.iiste.org Modelling of a Sequential Low-level Language Program Using Petri Nets Ganiyu Rafiu
More informationFinite Automata Theory and Formal Languages TMV027/DIT321 LP4 2016
Finite Automata Theory and Formal Languages TMV027/DIT321 LP4 2016 Lecture 15 Ana Bove May 23rd 2016 More on Turing machines; Summary of the course. Overview of today s lecture: Recap: PDA, TM Push-down
More informationThe SPIN Model Checker
The SPIN Model Checker Metodi di Verifica del Software Andrea Corradini Lezione 1 2013 Slides liberamente adattate da Logic Model Checking, per gentile concessione di Gerard J. Holzmann http://spinroot.com/spin/doc/course/
More informationModular Petri Net Processor for Embedded Systems
Modular Petri Net Processor for Embedded Systems Orlando Micolini 1, Emiliano N. Daniele, Luis O. Ventre Laboratorio de Arquitectura de Computadoras (LAC) FCEFyN Universidad Nacional de Córdoba orlando.micolini@unc.edu.ar,
More informationUsing Petri Nets To Test Concurrent Behavior Of Web Applications
Using Petri Nets To Test Concurrent Behavior Of Web Applications Sunitha Thummala & Jeff Offutt Presented by Omar Al-Debagy Outline Introduction Scope of the Research Paper Petri Nets Modelling Web Applications
More informationSpecifications and Modeling
12 Specifications and Modeling Peter Marwedel TU Dortmund, Informatik 12 Springer, 2010 2012 年 10 月 17 日 These slides use Microsoft clip arts. Microsoft copyright restrictions apply. Hypothetical design
More informationMODERN automated manufacturing systems require. An Extended Event Graph With Negative Places and Tokens for Time Window Constraints
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, VOL. 2, NO. 4, OCTOBER 2005 319 An Extended Event Graph With Negative Places and Tokens for Time Window Constraints Tae-Eog Lee and Seong-Ho Park
More informationFormal Support for QVT-Relations with Coloured Petri Nets
Formal Support for QVT-Relations with Coloured Petri Nets Juan de Lara Univ. Autónoma de Madrid (Spain) MODELS 2009 Denver, Colorado, USA Esther Guerra 1 Univ. Carlos III de Madrid (Spain) Motivation Model-to-Model
More informationStructured System Theory
Appendix C Structured System Theory Linear systems are often studied from an algebraic perspective, based on the rank of certain matrices. While such tests are easy to derive from the mathematical model,
More informationSOLVING DEADLOCK STATES IN MODEL OF RAILWAY STATION OPERATION USING COLOURED PETRI NETS
SOLVING DEADLOCK STATES IN MODEL OF RAILWAY STATION OPERATION USING COLOURED PETRI NETS Michal Žarnay University of Žilina, Faculty of Management Science and Informatics, Address: Univerzitná 8215/1, Žilina,
More informationInst: Chris Davison
ICS 153 Introduction to Computer Networks Inst: Chris Davison cbdaviso@uci.edu ICS 153 Data Link Layer Contents Simplex and Duplex Communication Frame Creation Flow Control Error Control Performance of
More informationPetri Nets. Petri Nets. Petri Net Example. Systems are specified as a directed bipartite graph. The two kinds of nodes in the graph:
System Design&Methodologies Fö - 1 System Design&Methodologies Fö - 2 Petri Nets 1. Basic Petri Net Model 2. Properties and Analysis of Petri Nets 3. Extended Petri Net Models Petri Nets Systems are specified
More informationModel checking pushdown systems
Model checking pushdown systems R. Ramanujam Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai jam@imsc.res.in Update Meeting, IIT-Guwahati, 4 July 2006 p. 1 Sources of unboundedness Data manipulation: integers,
More informationA counter-example to the minimal coverability tree algorithm
A counter-example to the minimal coverability tree algorithm A. Finkel, G. Geeraerts, J.-F. Raskin and L. Van Begin Abstract In [1], an algorithm to compute a minimal coverability tree for Petri nets has
More informationOn Petri Nets and Predicate-Transition Nets
On Petri Nets and Predicate-Transition Nets Andrea Röck INRIA - project CODES Roquencourt - BP 105 Le Chesnay Cedex 78153, FRANCE Ray Kresman Department of Computer Science Bowling Green State University
More informationJoint Entity Resolution
Joint Entity Resolution Steven Euijong Whang, Hector Garcia-Molina Computer Science Department, Stanford University 353 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA {swhang, hector}@cs.stanford.edu No Institute
More informationThe alternator. Mohamed G. Gouda F. Furman Haddix
Distrib. Comput. (2007) 20:21 28 DOI 10.1007/s00446-007-0033-1 The alternator Mohamed G. Gouda F. Furman Haddix Received: 28 August 1999 / Accepted: 5 July 2000 / Published online: 12 June 2007 Springer-Verlag
More informationComputational Models for Concurrent Streaming Applications
2 Computational Models for Concurrent Streaming Applications The challenges of today Twan Basten Based on joint work with Marc Geilen, Sander Stuijk, and many others Department of Electrical Engineering
More informationA Brief Introduction to Coloured Petri Nets
A Brief Introduction to Coloured Petri Nets Kurt Jensen Computer Science Department, University of Aarhus NyMunkegade, Bldg. 540, DK-8000 AarhusC, Denmark E-mml: kjensen9 WWV~: http://www.daimi.aau.dk/~kjensen/
More informationFinite Math Linear Programming 1 May / 7
Linear Programming Finite Math 1 May 2017 Finite Math Linear Programming 1 May 2017 1 / 7 General Description of Linear Programming Finite Math Linear Programming 1 May 2017 2 / 7 General Description of
More informationIntroduction to Mathematical Programming IE496. Final Review. Dr. Ted Ralphs
Introduction to Mathematical Programming IE496 Final Review Dr. Ted Ralphs IE496 Final Review 1 Course Wrap-up: Chapter 2 In the introduction, we discussed the general framework of mathematical modeling
More informationFeedback Control Logic for Forbidden-State Problems of Marked Graphs: Application to a Real Manufacturing System
18 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL, VOL 48, NO 1, JANUARY 2003 Feedback Control Logic for Forbidden-State Problems of Marked Graphs: Application to a Real Manufacturing System Asma Ghaffari, Nidhal
More informationQualitative Analysis of WorkFlow nets using Linear Logic: Soundness Verification
Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics San Antonio, TX, USA - October 2009 Qualitative Analysis of WorkFlow nets using Linear Logic: Soundness Verification
More informationEssentially Decision Free Petri Nets for Real-Time Resource Allocation
Essentially Decision Free Petri Nets for Real-Time Resource Allocation B.H. Krogh and R.S. Sreenivas Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University
More informationReachability Analysis
Reachability Analysis prof.dr.ir. Wil van der Aalst www.vdaalst.com Strong point of Petri nets Math. foundation Graphical notation Compactness Today s lecture Concurrency, locality Analysis techniques
More informationLinear programming and duality theory
Linear programming and duality theory Complements of Operations Research Giovanni Righini Linear Programming (LP) A linear program is defined by linear constraints, a linear objective function. Its variables
More informationLinear Programming. Linear programming provides methods for allocating limited resources among competing activities in an optimal way.
University of Southern California Viterbi School of Engineering Daniel J. Epstein Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering ISE 330: Introduction to Operations Research - Deterministic Models Fall
More informationLecture 1: Examples, connectedness, paths and cycles
Lecture 1: Examples, connectedness, paths and cycles Anders Johansson 2011-10-22 lör Outline The course plan Examples and applications of graphs Relations The definition of graphs as relations Connectedness,
More informationEmbedded Systems 8. Identifying, modeling and documenting how data moves around an information system. Dataflow modeling examines
Embedded Systems 8 - - Dataflow modeling Identifying, modeling and documenting how data moves around an information system. Dataflow modeling examines processes (activities that transform data from one
More informationAsynchronous Models. Chapter Asynchronous Processes States, Inputs, and Outputs
Chapter 3 Asynchronous Models 3.1 Asynchronous Processes Like a synchronous reactive component, an asynchronous process interacts with other processes via inputs and outputs, and maintains an internal
More informationDistributed Algorithms 6.046J, Spring, 2015 Part 2. Nancy Lynch
Distributed Algorithms 6.046J, Spring, 2015 Part 2 Nancy Lynch 1 This Week Synchronous distributed algorithms: Leader Election Maximal Independent Set Breadth-First Spanning Trees Shortest Paths Trees
More informationMURPHY S COMPUTER LAWS
Bosch Workshop 04/08/18 Brandenburg University of Technology at Cottbus, Dep. of Computer Science MURPHY S COMPUTER LAWS (1) No program without faults. DEPENDABLE SOFTWARE - AN UNREALISTIC DREAM OR JUST
More informationNONBLOCKING COMMIT PROTOCOLS
Dale Skeen NONBLOCKING COMMIT PROTOCOLS MC714 Sistemas Distribuídos Nonblocking Commit Protocols Dale Skeen From a certain point onward there is no longer any turning back. That is the point that must
More informationPETRI NET MODELLING OF CONCURRENCY CONTROL IN DISTRIBUTED DATABASE SYSTEM
PETRI NET MODELLING OF CONCURRENCY CONTROL IN DISTRIBUTED DATABASE SYSTEM Djoko Haryono, Jimmy Tirtawangsa, Bayu Erfianto Abstract- The life time of transaction is divided into two stages: executing stage
More informationCSE237a Final Exam Winter Prof. Tajana Simunic Rosing. Problem Maximum points Points earned Total 100
CSE237a Final Exam Winter 2018 Name: PID: Problem Maximum points Points earned 1 15 2 10 3 15 4 20 5 20 6 20 Total 100 Instructions 1. Write your name on every page. 2. Please make sure your writing is
More informationTimed Circuit Verification Using TEL Structures
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL. 20, NO. 1, JANUARY 2001 129 Timed Circuit Verification Using TEL Structures Wendy Belluomini, Member, IEEE, Chris J.
More informationModeling Routing Constructs to Represent Distributed Workflow Processes Using Extended Petri Nets
Modeling Routing Constructs to Represent Distributed Workflow Processes Using Extended Petri Nets Mehmet Karay * Final International University, Business Administrative, Toroslar Avenue, No:6, 99370, Catalkoy,
More informationAPPLICATION OF COLORED PETRI NET IN MODELING OF AN AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISE INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
APPLICAION OF COLORED PERI NE IN MODELING OF AN AGRICULURAL ENERPRISE INFORMAION MANAGEMEN SYSEM Fangtian Zhang 1, Kaiyi Wang 1,2,*, Jin Sui 1, Chang Liu 1, Zhongqiang Liu 1 1 National Engineering Research
More informationSDL. Jian-Jia Chen (slides are based on Peter Marwedel) TU Dortmund, Informatik 年 10 月 18 日. technische universität dortmund
12 SDL Jian-Jia Chen (slides are based on Peter Marwedel) TU Dortmund, Informatik 12 2017 年 10 月 18 日 Springer, 2010 These slides use Microsoft clip arts. Microsoft copyright restrictions apply. Models
More informationOverview of Dataflow Languages. Waheed Ahmad
Overview of Dataflow Languages Waheed Ahmad w.ahmad@utwente.nl The purpose of models is not to fit the data but to sharpen the questions. Samuel Karlins 11 th R.A Fisher Memorial Lecture Royal Society
More informationTimed Automata: Semantics, Algorithms and Tools
Timed Automata: Semantics, Algorithms and Tools Johan Bengtsson and Wang Yi Uppsala University Email: {johanb,yi}@it.uu.se Abstract. This chapter is to provide a tutorial and pointers to results and related
More informationTest 1 Last 4 Digits of Mav ID # Multiple Choice. Write your answer to the LEFT of each problem. 2 points each t 1
CSE 0 Name Test Fall 00 Last Digits of Mav ID # Multiple Choice. Write your answer to the LEFT of each problem. points each t. What is the value of k? k=0 A. k B. t C. t+ D. t+ +. Suppose that you have
More informationDesign of Safe PLC Programs by Using Petri Nets and Formal Methods
Design of Safe PLC Programs by Using Petri Nets and Formal Methods EUGEN IOAN GERGELY 1, LAURA COROIU 1, ALEXANDRU GACSADI 2 1 Department of Electrical Drives and Automation 2 Department of Electronics
More informationSupply Tank 1. Storage Tank 1 TE1. Supply Tank 2. Storage Tank 2 TE2
AN APPROACH BASED ON DYNAMIC UML DIAGRAMS AND ON A TOKEN PLAYER ALGORITHM FOR THE SCENARIO VERIFICATION OF REAL TIME SYSTEMS Stéphane Julia, Elis^angela Mieko Kanacilo Faculdade de Ci^encia da Computaοc~ao,
More informationMANUFACTURING SYSTEM MODELING USING PETRI NETS
International Conference on Economic Engineering and Manufacturing Systems Braşov, 26 27 November 2009 MANUFACTURING SYSTEM MODELING USING PETRI NETS Daniela COMAN, Adela IONESCU, Mihaela FLORESCU University
More informationPN Matlab Toolbox 2.0
PN Matlab Toolbox. Martina Svadova, Zdenek Hanzalek Center for Applied Cybernetics, Czech Technical University Abstact. This paper introduces PN Matlab Toobox. further called PN Toolbox. PN Toolbox is
More informationGoals of Program Optimization (1 of 2)
Goals of Program Optimization (1 of 2) Goal: Improve program performance within some constraints Ask Three Key Questions for Every Optimization 1. Is it legal? 2. Is it profitable? 3. Is it compile-time
More informationASYNCHRONOUS circuits promise a number of important
1108 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL 17, NO 11, NOVEMBER 1998 Structural Methods for the Synthesis of Speed-Independent Circuits Enric Pastor, Jordi Cortadella,
More informationGraphs and Orders Cours MPRI
Graphs and Orders Cours MPRI 2012 2013 Michel Habib habib@liafa.univ-paris-diderot.fr http://www.liafa.univ-paris-diderot.fr/~habib Chevaleret novembre 2012 Table des Matières Introduction Definitions
More informationPETRI NET ANALYSIS OF BATCH RECIPES
Presented at FOCAPO 98, Snowbird, USA. PETRI NET ANALYSIS OF BATCH RECIPES STRUCTURED WITH GRAFCHART Charlotta Johnsson and Karl-Erik Årzén Department of Automatic Control, Lund Institute of Technology,
More informationMathematical and Algorithmic Foundations Linear Programming and Matchings
Adavnced Algorithms Lectures Mathematical and Algorithmic Foundations Linear Programming and Matchings Paul G. Spirakis Department of Computer Science University of Patras and Liverpool Paul G. Spirakis
More informationApplication of an Exact Transversal Hypergraph in Selection of SM-Components
Application of an Exact Transversal Hypergraph in Selection of SM-Components Łukasz Stefanowicz, Marian Adamski, and Remigiusz Wisniewski University of Zielona Góra, Institute of Computer Engineering and
More informationTimed Petri Nets in Modeling and Analysis of Cluster Tools
562 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOL. 17, NO. 5, OCTOBER 2001 Timed Petri Nets in Modeling and Analysis of Cluster Tools Wlodek M. Zuberek Abstract Timed Petri nets are used as models
More information