Data Grids, Digital Libraries, and Persistent Archives

Transcription

1 Data Grids, Digital Libraries, and Persistent Archives Reagan W. Moore 1

2 Archive Definition Computer science - archive is the hardware and software infrastructure used to manage data Preservation community - archives is the material that is being preserved 2

3 Persistent Archive Software system that manages evolution of the hardware and software infrastructure A persistent archive preserves the authenticity and integrity of digital entities while the underlying technology evolves Combination of the material that is being preserved and the infrastructure used to preserve the material 3

4 Data Grid Grid Community definition The infrastructure used to manage distributed data as a collection Digital library and preservation community definition The distributed data that is being organized and managed as a collection A data grid is a mechanism to support sharing of data and the collection that is being shared 4

5 Data Sharing Management of access controls on local resources to share data Put controls on resources Creation of a collection that is being shared across distributed resources Put controls on collection The SRB data grid does both, enacts controls on both resources and on collections (data and metadata) 5

6 Topics Data Grids - managing distributed data Distributed data management for a project Digital Libraries - publication of data Management of collection hierarchies Persistent Archives - preservation of data Management of technology evolution Storage Resource Broker example Currently supporting all three (seven) data management environments 6

7 Data Management Systems (Supported by Storage Resource Broker) Data collecting Sensor systems, object ring buffers and portals Data organization Collections, manage data context Data sharing Data grids, manage heterogeneity of resources Data publication Digital libraries, support discovery Data preservation Persistent archives, manage technology evolution Data analysis Processing pipelines, manage knowledge extraction 7

8 Data Management Systems Data grid for managing distributed data Latency management for bulk analyses of collections Infrastructure independent name spaces for describing data, resources, users, and state information Digital library for managing data context Curation services for managing collections Descriptive metadata for discovery Persistent archive to manage technology evolution Interoperability mechanisms between heterogeneous storage systems and user access mechanisms 8

9 Provide Context for Data Properties of files Provenance - source Descriptive attributes Structure Organize properties as metadata in a collection hierarchy Define operations on file properties Manage state information - location, replicas, containers Separate context management from content management Maintain consistency of context as operations are done on content 9

10 Data Grids Software systems that manage distributed data Control global name spaces for Resources Users Files Metadata context Provide standard operations on each name space Provide single sign-on authentication, collection management, latency management, replication, and federation Generic distributed data management technology 10

11 Managing Distributed Data Data Access Methods (Web Browser, DSpace, OAI-PMH) Storage Repository Storage location User name File name File context (creation date, ) Access constraints Naming conventions provided by storage systems 11

12 Data Grids Provide a Level of Indirection for Each Naming Convention Data Access Methods (C library, Unix, Web Browser) Data Collection Storage Repository Storage location User name File name File context (creation date, ) Access constraints Data Grid Logical resource name space Logical user name space Logical file name space Logical context (metadata) Control/consistency constraints Data is organized as a collection 12

13 Logical Name Spaces Storage resources Logical names for managing collections of resources User names (user-name / domain / data grid) Distinguished names for users to manage access controls Digital Entities (files, blobs, structured data, ) Logical name space for global identifiers for files Context - Metadata attributes Standard metadata attributes, Dublin Core State information resulting from data grid operations User-defined metadata 13

14 Logical Resource Name Represents a list of physical resources Operations on the logical resource name result in operations on the list of physical resources Load leveling -write to the next physical resource in the list Fault tolerance - write to k of n physical resources Replication - write to each physical resource Compound resource - write to the disk cache in front of the tape archive Federated resource - write to the controlled resource in another data grid 14

15 Storage Repository Virtualization How does one access data stored on multiple systems? User Application Archive Database File System 15

16 Storage Repository Virtualization (Standard Operations on Logical Resource Names) Remote operations Unix file system Latency management Procedures Transformations Third party transfer Filtering Queries Collective operations Load leveling Fault tolerance Replication User Application Common set of operations for interacting with every type of storage repository Archive Database File System 16

17 Logical File Name Abstraction How does one identify files stored on multiple systems? User Application Archive at SDSC Database At U Md File System at NARA 17

18 Context Abstraction Logical name space Location independent identifier Persistent identifier User Application Collection owned data Access controls Audit trails Checksums Descriptive metadata Common naming convention and set of attributes for describing digital entities Inter-realm authentication Single sign-on system Archive at SDSC Database At U Md File System at U Texas 18

19 Federated Server Architecture Logical Name Or Attribute Condition Read Application Peer-to-peer Brokering Parallel Data Access SRB server /6 4 SRB server SRB agent 2 5 SRB agent 1.Logical-to-Physical mapping 2.Identification of Replicas 3.Access & Audit Control R1 MCAT Data Access R2 Server(s) Spawning 19

20 SRB Latency Management Remote Proxies, Staging Data Aggregation Containers Prefetch Source Replication Server-initiated I/O Network Network Streaming Parallel I/O Destination Destination Caching Client-initiated I/O 20

21 Latency Management -Bulk Operations Bulk register Create a logical name for a file Bulk load Create a copy of the file on a data grid storage repository Bulk unload Provide containers to hold small files and pointers to each file location Bulk delete Mark as deleted in metadata catalog After specified interval, delete file Bulk metadata load Requests for bulk operations for access control setting, 21

22 Data Grid Federation Link multiple independent data grids Coordinate metadata between independent metadata catalogs Provide consistency and access constraints for each of the four logical name spaces (resources, users, files, metadata) Peer-to-peer federations, data access Replication federations, shared resources Hierarchical federations, consistency constraints Tune data grid federation by implementing different consistency and access constraints 22

23 Federation Data Access Methods (Web Browser, DSpace, OAI-PMH) Data Collection A Data Grid Logical resource name space Logical user name space Logical file name space Logical context (metadata) Control/consistency constraints Data Collection B Data Grid Logical resource name space Logical user name space Logical file name space Logical context (metadata) Control/consistency constraints Access controls and consistency constraints on cross registration of digital entities 23

24 Replication Constraints Peer-to-Peer Data Grids Free Floating Partial User-ID Sharing Occasional Interchange Partial Resource Sharing Replicated Data Consistency Constraints System Set Access Controls System Controlled Complete Synch Complete User-ID Sharing User and Data Replica System Managed Replication Connection From Any Zone Complete Resource Sharing Replicated Catalog Replication Data Grids No Metadata Synch 24 Resource Interaction Access Constraints Federation Environments Hierarchical Zone Organization One Shared User-ID Nomadic System Managed Replication System Set Access Controls System Controlled Partial Synch No Resource Sharing Snow Flake Super Administrator Zone Control Master Slave System Controlled Complete Synch No User-ID Sharing Deep Archive Hierarchical Data Grids

25 Generic Infrastructure SDSC developed the Storage Resource Broker (SRB) to support access to distributed data Effort started in 1996 as a DARPA funded project Now support over 30 national/international projects Development team of 12 staff is led by Michael Wan, data management systems Arcot Rajasekar, information management systems 25

26 Data Grid Capabilities Data manipulation Containers Parallel I/O Firewall interactions Resource interactions Fault tolerance Load leveling Replication HIPAA security requirements Authentication of all users Access controls on data and metadata Audit trails Data encryption Centralized control Application interfaces C library, Shell commands, Java, Perl, Python, WSDL, workflow 26

27 Digital Library Collection hierarchy for organizing data User-defined metadata Collection level metadata Metadata manipulation Schema extension Bulk metadata processing Queries on metadata Access controls on metadata Views on collections Digital library APIs DSpace, Fedora, OAI-PMH, web browsers METS metadata XML schema 27

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29 Persistent Archives Authenticity metadata Provenance User logical name space Integrity metadata Audit trails, checksums Access controls Consistency Context update on all content operations Persistency Infrastructure independence Storage repository abstraction Information repository abstraction Access abstraction (standard operations) 29

30 National Archives Persistent Archive NARA U Md SDSC MCAT MCAT MCAT Principle copy stored at NARA with complete metadata catalog Replicated copy at U Md for improved access, load balancing and disaster recovery Deep Archive at SDSC, no user access, but complete copy 30

31 Data Grid Federation - zonesrb Application C, C++, Java Libraries Linux I/O Unix Shell Java, NT Browser Kepler Actors DLL / Python, Perl Federation Management HTTP DSpace OpenDAP OAI, WSDL, WSRF Consistency & Metadata Management / Authorization,Authentication,Audit Logical Name Space Latency Management Data Transport Metadata Transport Catalog Abstraction Databases DB2, Oracle, Sybase, Postgres, mysql, Informix Archives - Tape, Sam-QFS, DMF, ORB HPSS, ADSM, UniTree, ADS Storage Repository Virtualization File Systems Unix, NT, Mac OSX Databases DB2, Oracle, Sybase, SQLserver,Postgres, mysql, Informix 31

32 Examples of Extensibility Storage Repository Driver evolution Initially supported Unix file system Added archival access - UniTree, HPSS Added FTP/HTTP Added database blob access Added database table interface Added Windows file system Added project archives - Dcache, Castor, ADS Added Object Ring Buffer, Datascope Adding GridFTP version 3.3 Database management evolution Postgres DB2 Oracle Informix Sybase mysql (most difficult port - no locks, no views, limited SQL) 32

33 Examples of Extensibility The 3 fundamental APIs are C library, shell commands, Java Other access mechanisms are ported on top of these interfaces API evolution Initial access through C library, Unix shell command Added inq Windows browser (C++ library) Added mysrb Web browser (C library and shell commands) Added Java (Jargon) Added Perl/Python load libraries (shell command) Added WSDL (Java) Added OAI-PMH, OpenDAP, DSpace digital library (Java) Added Kepler actors for dataflow access (Java) Adding GridFTP version 3.3 (C library) 33

34 Sites Using the SRB Academia Sinica, Taiwan ASCC, Computing Centre, Taiwan Australian National University Bedford Oceanography,Canada Bioinformatics Institute, Singapore CSIRO, Australia Data Storage Institute, Singapore EGEE, French National Center GeoForschungsZentrum, Germany James Cook University, Australia KEK High Energy Physics, Japan Max Planck Institute, Netherlands Parallab, Norway South Australian Advanced Computing UIB (Parallab), Norway University of Amsterdam University of Cambridge, Astronomy University of Cambridge, e-science University of Edinburgh University of Genoa, Italy University of Hong Kong Univrsity of Manchester University of Oslo University of Southampton York Univ (UK) CiteSeer, Penn State City Univ. of New York Geospatial Environment, UCSD Drexel University EOSDIS Distributed Active, NASA Goddard Georgia Tech Kentucky State Libraries & Archives Library of Congress Los Alamos National Lab NASA Ames NASA Goddard Space Flight Center NCSA Grid Computing NIH (NCI Center for Bioinformatics) Penn State University Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center Purdue University. Indiana Stanford University TACC, University of Texas Texas A & M UC Santa Cruz UCLA UCSD Neuroscience University of Maryland University of Michigan, CAC department University of New Mexico University of Washington University of Wisconsin USC Yale University 34

35 Storage Resource Broker Collections at SDSC (11/2/2004) GBs of data stored Number of files Number of Users Data Grid Ź Ź Ź NSF/ITR - National Virtual Observatory 53,858 9,536, NSF - 24,738 5,754, Hayden Planetarium - Evolution of the Solar System visualizations 7, , NSF/NPACI - Joint Center for Structural Genomics 5, , NSF/NPACI - Biology and Environmental collections 8,851 33, NSF - TeraGrid, ENZO Cosmology simulations 121,550 1,096,947 3,247 NIH - Biomedical Informatics Research Network 6,002 4,107, Digital Library Ź Ź Ź NLM - Digital Embryo image collection , NSF/NPACI - Long Term Ecological Reserve 253 8, NSF/NPACI - Grid Portal 2,211 51, NIH - Alliance for Cell Signaling microarray data , NSF - National Science Digital Library SIO Explorer collection 2, , NSF/NPACI -Transana education research video collection 92 2, NSF/ITR - Southern California Earthquake Center 91,040 1,791, Persistent Archive Ź Ź Ź UCSD Libraries archive , NARA- Research Prototype Persistent Archive , NSF - National Science Digital Library persistent archive 3,571 26,908, TOTAL 328 TB 51 million 4,900 35

36 Grid Interfaces GSI, support versions 1, 2, 3, Java GridFTP version 3.3 interface to SRB collection Use GSI certificate to identify the user to the SRB Reference file by a SRB logical name space Use SRB access controls for allowed operations Initially support serial transport SRB supports 4 different firewall interaction protocols (client-driven parallel I/O, server-driven parallel I/O, bulk file registration, federated data grid access) GridFTP version 3.3 driver for SRB collection Store data at a remote site under the SRB ID Data will be shareable through SRB access controls\ Store data at a remote site under user GSI certificate Data will not be shareable through SRB access controls 36

37 Grid Interfaces Replica Location Service Interface Simon Metson GMCat mimics the LRC interface, enabling the files registered in an MCat to appear on the giggle framework (RLS). Available from (also linked from the third party software on the SRB page) Storage Resource Manager SRM Version 1, SRB driver created to store data in SRM SRM Version 2, development effort to put SRM interface on top of SRB (Alasdair Earl) SRM Version 3, development effort to put SRM interface on top of SRB (Peter Kunszt) 37

38 Conclusion Distributed data management systems can be built on generic data grid infrastructure Data grids to support bulk access across remote sites Integration of data grid and digital library capabilities to manage massive data collections Federation of data grids to build international discipline-wide collections 38

39 QuickTime and a FF (Uncompressed) decompresso are needed to see this picture. QuickTime and a F (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime and a QuickTime and a F (Uncompressed) decompressorf (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. are needed to see this picture. QuickTime and a F (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime and a F (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. SDSC SRB Team (left to right) Arun Jagatheesan George Kremenek Sheau-Yen Chen Arcot Rajasekar (SRB development lead) Reagan Moore (SRB PI) Michael Wan (SRB architect) Roman Olschanowsky (BIRN) Bing Zhu Charlie Cowart Lucas Gilbert Tim Warnock Wayne Schroeder (SRB product) Adam Birnbaum (SRB production) Antoine De Torcy Vicky Rowley (BIRN) Marcio Faerman (SCEC) Students & emeritus Erik Vandekieft Reena Mathew Xi (Cynthia) Sheng Allen Ding Grace Lin Qiao Xin Daniel Moore Ethan Chen Jon Weinburg Supported by about 20 projects (NSF, DOE, NASA, NARA, NIH, LOC, NHPRC) 39

40 For More Information Reagan W. Moore