Introduction... xxxi Chapter 1: Introducing SQL Server In Depth... 2

Transcription

1 Introduction... xxxi Chapter 1: Introducing SQL Server In Depth... 2 Why Use SQL Server?... 2 Features Introduced in SQL Server 2008 R Master Data Services... 3 StreamInsight... 3 Multi-Server Administration... 3 PowerPivot for Excel and SharePoint... 3 New Features in SQL Server Product Update... 4 Multi-Subnet Failover Clustering... 4 AlwaysOn Availability Groups... 4 The THROW Statement... 4 Sequence Objects... 4 Support for a Contained Database... 4 The Columnstore Index... 4 Ad-Hoc Query Paging... 5 SQL Server 2012 Express LocalDB... 5 FileTables... 5 PowerPivot Configuration Tool... 5 SQL Server Data Tools... 5 Reporting Services Excel and Word Rendering Extension... 5 Power View... 5 WITH RESULT SETS... 6 SQL Server 2012 Editions... 6 Enterprise Edition... 6 Business Intelligence Edition... 6 Standard Edition... 7 Web Edition... 7

2 Developer Edition... 7 Express Edition... 7 SQL Server 2012 Instances... 7 Default Instance... 7 Named Instance... 7 SQL Server 2012 System Databases... 8 The master Database... 8 The model Database... 8 The msdb Database... 9 The tempdb Database... 9 The Resource Database... 9 Immediate Solutions Installing SQL Server Performing Attended Installation Performing Unattended Installation Upgrading to SQL Server Preparing for Upgrade Performing the Upgrade Summary Chapter 2: Introducing SQL Server 2012 Tools In Depth Development Tools SSMS SSDT Configuration Tools SQL Server Configuration Manager Reporting Services Configuration Manager Performance Tools SQL Server Profiler Database Engine Tuning Advisor Immediate Solutions Registering a Server Importing and Exporting Registered Servers Exporting a Registered Server Importing a Registered Server Summary vi

3 Chapter 3: Building SQL Server Databases In Depth Basic Database Concepts Database Management System Relational Database Management System Exploring Tables in Databases ER Diagrams Explaining Data Integrity Entity Integrity Domain Integrity Referential Integrity User-Defined Integrity Exploring Keys Primary Key Foreign Key Composite key Candidate Key Designing a Database Gathering the Information Categorizing Data into Tables Determining Primary Keys Identifying Relationship among Tables Normalizing Tables Immediate Solutions Performing Database Operations Detaching and Attaching an Existing Database Creating a New Database Deleting a Database Performing Table Operations Creating a New Table Deleting a Table Performing Data Operations Inserting and Updating Data in a Table Retrieving Data from a Table Deleting Data from a Table Importing and Exporting Data Creating a Database Diagram Summary vii

4 Chapter 4: SQL Statements, Operators, and Functions In Depth Introducing Basic SQL Statements The SELECT Statement The INSERT Statement The UPDATE Statement The DELETE Statement Exploring Operators in SQL Server Arithmetic Operators Comparison Operators Logical Operators Assignment Operator Compound Operators Bitwise Operators Unary Operators String Concatenation Operator Scope Resolution Operator Set Operators Exploring Functions in SQL Server Aggregate Functions Scalar Functions Rowset Functions Ranking Functions Adding Comments in a Code Immediate Solutions Working with Basic SQL Statements Using the SELECT Statement Using the INSERT Statement Using the UPDATE Statement Using the DELETE Statement Working with Operators Using Arithmetic Operators Using Comparison Operators Using Logical Operators Using Assignment Operator Using Compound Operators Using Bitwise Operators Using Unary Operators viii

5 Using String Concatenation Operator Using Scope Resolution Operator Using Set Operators Working with Functions Using Aggregate Functions Using Scalar Functions Using Rowset Functions Using Ranking Functions Summary Chapter 5: Programming with T-SQL - I In Depth Data Types Exact Numerics Approximate Numerics Date and Time Character Strings Unicode Character Strings Binary Strings Miscellaneous Data Types Data Type Conversion Control Flow Statements The BEGIN END Statement The IF ELSE Statement The WHILE, BREAK, and CONTINUE Statements The GOTO Statement The RETURN Statement The WAITFOR Statement The Identity Column The Sparse Column The FILESTREAM Attribute FileTables The MERGE Statement Immediate Solutions Performing Data Type Conversion Using the CAST() Function Using the CONVERT() Function Working with Control Flow Statements ix

6 Using the BEGIN END Statement Using the IF ELSE Statement Using the WHILE, BREAK, and CONTINUE Statements Using the GOTO Statement Using the RETURN Statement Using the WAITFOR Statement Modifying Data using the MERGE Statement Retrieving Topmost Records using the TOP Clause Performing Database Operations Creating a Database Dropping a Database Performing Table Operations Creating a Table Altering a Table Truncating a Table Dropping a Table Summary Chapter 6: Programming with T-SQL - II In Depth Understanding Constraints The PRIMARY KEY Constraint The FOREIGN KEY Constraint The UNIQUE Constraint The CHECK Constraint Rules The CREATE RULE Statement The DROP RULE Statement Joins in SQL Server Cross Join Inner Join Outer Join Self-Join Describing Views The CREATE VIEW Statement The ALTER VIEW Statement The DROP VIEW Statement Subqueries x

7 Derived Tables Common Table Expressions Aliases Immediate Solutions Implementing Constraints Using the PRIMARY KEY Constraint Using the UNIQUE Constraint Using the FOREIGN KEY Constraint Using the CHECK Constraint Working with Rules Creating a Rule Dropping a Rule Joining Tables Performing a Cross Join Performing an Inner Join Performing an Outer Join Performing a Self-Join Working with Views Creating a View Altering a View Dropping a View Using Subqueries Using Derived Tables Using Common Table Expressions Creating Aliases Summary Chapter 7: Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions In Depth Benefits of Stored Procedures Types of Stored Procedures System Stored Procedures User-Defined Stored Procedures Extended Stored Procedures Nesting and Recursion Parameters in Stored Procedure The Input Parameter xi

8 The Table-Valued Parameter The Output Parameter Statement-Level Recompilation Types of User-Defined Functions Scalar Function Table-Valued Function Immediate Solutions Creating a Stored Procedure Altering a Stored Procedure Executing a Stored Procedure Dropping a Stored Procedure Passing Data to a Stored Procedure Using Input Parameters Using Table-Valued Parameters Returning Data from a Stored Procedure Working with User-Defined Functions Creating and Executing a Scalar Function Creating and Executing a Table-Valued Function Summary Chapter 8: Triggers in SQL Server In Depth Comparing Triggers and Constraints Limitations of Triggers Types of Triggers DML Triggers DDL Triggers Logon Triggers The CREATE TRIGGER Statement The ALTER TRIGGER Statement The DROP TRIGGER Statement Nested Triggers Immediate Solutions Creating Triggers Creating DML Triggers Creating DDL Triggers Creating Logon Triggers xii

9 Altering Triggers Removing Triggers Summary Chapter 9: Cursors in SQL Server In Depth Cursor Models API Server Cursors Client Cursors Transact-SQL Cursors Cursor Types Static Cursors Dynamic Cursors Forward-Only Cursors Keyset-Driven Cursors Anatomy of a Cursor The DECLARE CURSOR Statement The OPEN Statement The FETCH Statement The CLOSE Statement The DEALLOCATE Statement System-Defined Cursor Functions The CURSOR_STATUS() Function Function Function Cursor Related Database Options The CURSOR_CLOSE_ON_COMMIT Option The CURSOR_DEFAULT Option Cursor Concurrency Options Positional Updates and Deletes The CURSOR THRESHOLD Option Cursor Transaction Isolation Levels Read Committed Read Uncommitted Repeatable Read or Serializable Snapshot Immediate Solutions Creating a Simple Cursor xiii

10 Performing Positioned Updates Performing Positioned Deletes Creating a Cursor to Select a Random Record Summary Chapter 10: Managing Transactions and Locking In Depth The ACID Properties Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability Types of Transactions Autocommit Transactions Explicit Transactions Implicit Transactions Batch-Scoped Transactions Concurrency Problems Concurrency Control Mechanisms Optimistic Concurrency Control Pessimistic Concurrency Control Transaction Isolation Levels Locking in SQL Server Lock Granularity Types of Locks Deadlocking Immediate Solutions Starting, Committing, and Rolling Back a Transaction Creating a Savepoint within a Transaction Handling Deadlocks Summary Chapter 11: Error Handling in SQL Server In Depth Exploring Error Handling Techniques Function The RAISERROR Statement The TRY CATCH Statement xiv

11 Debugging Tools in SQL Server The PRINT Statement Trace Flags SQL Server Management Studio Integrated Debugger Immediate Solutions Using the Function Using the RAISERROR Statement Using the TRY CATCH Statement Using the THROW Statement Creating User-Defined Error Messages Recording an Error Information to the Event Log Debugging a T-SQL Code Summary Chapter 12: Monitoring, Auditing, and Maintaining SQL Server In Depth Overview of SQL Server Monitoring Determining SQL Server Monitoring Goals Selecting a Proper Monitoring Tool Determining the Components for Monitoring Selecting Metrics for Monitored Components Starting the Monitoring Tool Analyzing the Gathered Data SQL Server Monitoring Tools Performance Monitor Activity Monitor SQL Server Profiler SQL Server Audit Database Maintenance Plans Immediate Solutions Monitoring SQL Server Performance Using Performance Monitor Using Activity Monitor Using SQL Server Profiler Using SQL Server Audit Using Maintenance Plan Wizard Summary xv

12 Chapter 13: Data Replication In Depth Need for Replication Benefits of Replication Replication Components Publisher Distributor Subscribers Article Publication Subscription Overview of the Replication Process Types of Replication Snapshot Replication Transactional Replication Merge Replication Replication Agents Snapshot Agent Distribution Agent Log Reader Agent Queue Reader Agent Merge Agent Replication Topologies Central Publisher Central Subscriber Central Publisher with Remote Distributor Multiple Publishers and Multiple Subscribers Immediate Solutions Configuring Replication Creating a Distribution Creating a Publication Creating a Subscription Verifying Replication Monitoring Replication Summary xvi

13 Chapter 14: Log Shipping and Database Mirroring In Depth Exploring Log Shipping Benefits and Limitations The Log Shipping Architecture Exploring Database Mirroring Benefits and Limitations The Database Mirroring Architecture Operating Modes of a Database Mirroring Session Factors Determining the Operating Mode Role Switching Automatic Page Repair Feature Immediate Solutions Configuring Log Shipping Monitoring Log Shipping Configuring Database Mirroring Monitoring Database Mirroring Summary Chapter 15: Implementing Failover Clustering In Depth Introducing Failover Cluster Introducing Multi-Subnet Failover Cluster Exploring Benefits and Limitations of Failover Clustering Explaining Architecture of a SQL Server Failover Cluster Working of the Failover Clustering Immediate Solutions Creating a SQL Server Failover Cluster Creating Single-Node SQL Server Failover Clusters Adding Nodes to a Single-Node SQL Server Failover Cluster Removing a Node from a SQL Server Failover Cluster Summary Chapter 16: Performing Bulk Copy Operations In Depth The bcp Syntax The bcp out Command The bcp in Command xvii

14 Authentication Switches Switches for Error Handling Switches for Partitioning Data Input and Output File Format Switches Optimization Switches Special Insert Switches Switches for bcp Hints Miscellaneous Switches The bcp queryout Command bcp Errors Format Files The BULK INSERT Statement The BULK INSERT Default File Format The BULK INSERT Permissions BULK INSERT and Integration Services Optimizing bcp Performance Immediate Solutions Using the bcp out Command Using the bcp in Command Using the bcp queryout Command Using Format Files Executing the BULK INSERT Statement Summary Chapter 17: SQL Server Service Broker In Depth Enhancements in Service Broker Architecture of Service Broker Messages Services Contracts Queues Dialog Conversations Conversation Groups The Service Broker Endpoint Remote Service Bindings Routes Uses of Service Broker xviii

15 Asynchronous Triggers Reliable Query Processing Reliable Data Collection Large-Scale Batch Processing Distributed Server-Side Processing Data Consolidation The CREATE EVENT NOTIFICATION Statement Immediate Solutions Integrating DDL and DML Operations with Service Broker Creating a Message Queue Creating a Service Broker Service Creating an Event Notification Managing a Service Broker Activating Service Broker in a Database Starting and Stopping a Queue Creating Certificates for Securing the Service Broker Transport Summary Chapter 18: Policy-Based Management In Depth Basic Terminology of PBM Managed Target Facet Condition Policy Policy Category Effective Policy Modes of Policy Evaluation Immediate Solutions Working with Conditions Creating a Condition Viewing or Modifying a Condition Working with Policies Creating a Policy Viewing or Modifying a Policy Evaluating a Policy Specifying a Schedule to Run a Policy Importing a Policy xix

16 Exporting a Policy Summary Chapter 19: Automating SQL Server In Depth SQL Server Agent Jobs Schedules Alerts Operators Database Mail Database Maintenance Plans Immediate Solutions Configuring the SQL Server Agent Service Working with Jobs in SQL Server Agent Creating a Job Defining Job Steps Creating a Job Schedule Executing a Job Creating an Operator Creating Alerts Setting Up Database Mail Creating a Database Maintenance Plan Modifying and Executing a Database Maintenance Plan Summary Chapter 20: Performance Optimization with Query Execution Plans In Depth Explaining the Lifecycle of a Query Query Compilation Query Optimization Query Execution Describing Execution Plan Formats Execution Plan Caching Immediate Solutions Viewing Estimated Query Execution Plans Using the Graphical Format Using the Text Format xx

17 Using the XML Format Viewing Actual Query Execution Plans Using the Graphical Format Using the Text Format Using the XML Format Viewing Procedure Cache Details Summary Chapter 21: Indexing and Partitioning In Depth Indexing Clustered Indexes Non-Clustered Indexes Unique Indexes Columnstore Indexes Indexes with Included Columns Full-Text Indexes Spatial Indexes Filtered Indexes XML Indexes Partitioning Partition Function Partition Scheme Immediate Solutions Creating Indexes Creating a Clustered Index Creating a Non-Clustered Index Creating a Columnstore Index Optimizing Index Performance Enabling and Disabling Indexes Removing Indexes Partitioning a Table Creating a Partition Function Creating a Partition Scheme Creating a Partitioned Table Querying a Partitioned Table Summary xxi

18 Chapter 22: Working with Full-Text Search In Depth Full-Text Search Architecture Full-Text Querying The CONTAINS Predicate The FREETEXT Predicate The CONTAINSTABLE Function The FREETEXTTABLE Function Property Searching Immediate Solutions Creating a Full-Text Catalog Using SSMS Using T-SQL Code Creating a Full-Text Index Using SSMS Using T-SQL Code Executing Full-Text Queries Using the CONTAINS Predicate Using the FREETEXT Predicate Using the CONTAINSTABLE Function Using the FREETEXTTABLE Function Summary Chapter 23: Data Compression In Depth Benefits and Limitations of Data Compression Types of Data Compression Row Compression Page Compression Unicode Compression Compression Savings Immediate Solutions Determining Compression Savings Implementing Data Compression Using SSMS Using T-SQL Code Summary xxii

19 Chapter 24: Resource Governor In Depth Benefits and Limitations of Resource Governor Components of Resource Governor Resource Pools Workload Groups Classification Immediate Solutions Using Resource Governor Creating Resource Pools Creating Workload Groups Creating a Classifier Function Configuring Resource Governor Monitoring Resource Governor Using Performance Counters Using Trace Events Using Dynamic Management Views Using Catalog Views Summary Chapter 25: Security in SQL Server In Depth Enhancements in Security The SQL Server Security Model Authentication Types in SQL Server SQL Server Authentication Windows Authentication Authentication Modes Windows Authentication Mode Mixed Mode Principals and Securables Principals Securables Permissions Types of Permissions Problems with Permissions CAS Application Roles xxiii

20 SQL Server Passwords Encryption User-Supplied Password Encryption Symmetric Key Encryption Asymmetric Key Encryption Encryption Using a Certificate TDE EKM Backing Up Keys Immediate Solutions Performing User-Specific Operations Creating a User at Server Level Creating a User at Database Level Modifying the Existing User Properties Deleting a User at Server Level Deleting a User at Database Level Implementing Permissions Granting Permissions Denying Permission Revoking Permission Creating a Cross-Database Ownership Chaining Using CAS Changing or Resetting Passwords Encrypting Data Using Symmetric Key Encryption Using Asymmetric Key Encryption Using TDE Summary Chapter 26: Backing Up and Restoring Databases In Depth Types of Backups Full Backup Differential Backup File or Filegroup Backup Copy-Only Backup Transaction Log Backup Types of Recovery Models xxiv

21 Simple Recovery Model Full Recovery Model Bulk-Logged Recovery Model Immediate Solutions Selecting the Recovery Model for a Database Backing Up Databases Taking a Full Backup Taking a Differential Backup Taking a File or Filegroup Backup Taking a Copy-Only Backup Taking a Transaction Log Backup Restoring Databases Restoring Files and Filegroups Summary Chapter 27: SQL Server Reporting Services In Depth Basic SSRS Concepts Report Definition Report Types Report Models Data Regions and Maps The SSRS Architecture Report Server Report Manager Report Builder Report Designer Model Designer Reporting Services Configuration Manager Immediate Solutions Configuring SSRS Creating SSRS Reports Creating Reports by using SSDT Creating Reports by using Report Builder Publishing SSRS Reports Summary xxv

22 Chapter 28: SQL Server Analysis Services In Depth Basic SSAS Terminologies New Features of SSAS SSAS Architecture BISM ASSL Analysis Services Tools Analysis Services Deployment Wizard The Rename Instance Tool Objects of SSAS Cubes Cells Measures and Fact Tables Dimensions and Attributes Hierarchies Data Source Views Securing SSAS Deciding the Security Architecture Setting up a Logon Account Setting up an Access for SSAS Cube Designer The Cube Structure Tab The Dimension Usage Tab The Calculations Tab The KPIs Tab The Actions Tab The Partitions Tab The Aggregations Tab The Perspectives Tab The Translations Tab The Browser Tab Immediate Solutions Managing Data Sources in SSAS Creating a New Data Source Modifying an Existing Data Source Deleting a Data Source xxvi

23 Administering SSAS Connecting to an Instance of SSAS Creating an SSAS Database Creating a Data Source View Creating a Cube Adding Attributes to Dimensions Deploying an Analysis Services Project Browsing a Cube Summary Chapter 29: SQL Server Integration Services In Depth New Features of SSIS The SSIS Architecture SSIS Designer SSIS Wizards Command Prompt Utilities Integration Services Service Object Model Run-Time Engine and Run-Time Executables Data Flow Engine and Data Flow Components Components of an SSIS Package Control Flow Elements Data Flow Elements Connection Managers Variables Event Handlers Log Providers SSIS Support in SSMS and SSDT Immediate Solutions Creating a Custom Integration Services Package Using SSIS Designer Using SQL Server Import and Export Wizard Deploying a Custom Integration Services Package Creating Package Configurations Creating a SSIS Package Deployment Utility Using Package Installation Wizard Using SSIS Packages in Integration Services xxvii

24 Importing Integration Services Package Exporting an Integration Services Package Summary Chapter 30: SQL Server 2012 and XML In Depth Benefits of Storing XML Data in SQL Server The XPath Language The OPENXML Statement The FOR XML Clause The xml Data Type The XQuery Language XML DML The insert Keyword The delete Keyword The replace value of Keyword Immediate Solutions Using the OPENXML Statement Using the FOR XML Clause The RAW Mode The AUTO Mode The Explicit Mode The PATH Mode Working with the xml Data Type Using the exist() Method Using the value() Method Using the query() Method Using the nodes() Method Using the modify() Method Summary Chapter 31: SQL Server 2012 and Common Language Runtime In Depth Benefits of CLR Integration Program Execution inside CLR CLR Features Type Safety Verification Application Domains xxviii

25 CAS HPAs The Microsoft.SqlServer.Server Namespace Immediate Solutions Enabling CLR Integration Creating a CLR Stored Procedure Deploying a CLR Stored Procedure to a Test Server Moving a CLR Stored Procedure to Production Server Summary Chapter 32: SQL Server 2012 and Language-Integrated Query In Depth Standard Query Operators Projection Operators Filtering Operators Sorting Operators Grouping Operators Join Operators Aggregation Operators Element Operators Concatenation Operators Partitioning Operators Set Operators Equality Operators Quantifier Operators Generation Operators Data Type Conversion Operators Object Relational Mapping and LINQ to SQL The DataContext Class Immediate Solutions Working with Standard Query Operators Using the Select Operator Using the Where Operator Using the OrderBy Operator Using the GroupBy Operator Using the Join Operator xxix

26 Modifying Databases using the DataContext Class Inserting New Records Updating Existing Records Deleting Records Summary Appendix A: Migrating from MS Access to SQL Server Appendix B: Spatial Data Types Appendix C: Exploring System Functions Appendix D: Data Quality Services Appendix E: Management Data Warehouse in SQL Server Appendix F: Master Data Services Appendix G: PowerPivot for Excel Appendix H: Change Data Capture Appendix I: Assemblies in SQL Server Glossary Index What s on the CD-ROM xxx