Introduction. Assessment Test. Chapter 1 Introduction to Performance Tuning 1. Chapter 2 Sources of Tuning Information 33

Transcription

1 Contents at a Glance Introduction Assessment Test xvii xxvii Chapter 1 Introduction to Performance Tuning 1 Chapter 2 Sources of Tuning Information 33 Chapter 3 SQL Application Tuning and Design 85 Chapter 4 Tuning the Shared Pool 201 Chapter 5 Tuning the Database Buffer Cache 243 Chapter 6 Tuning Other SGA Areas 289 Chapter 7 Tuning Redo Mechanisms 323 Chapter 8 Tuning Disk I/O 365 Chapter 9 Tuning Contention 467 Chapter 10 Operating System Tuning 505 Glossary 557 Index 575 COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL

2 Contents Introduction Assessment Test xvii xxvii Chapter 1 Introduction to Performance Tuning 1 The Oracle Tuning Methodology 2 Tuning Development Systems 3 Tuning Production Systems 5 Goal-Oriented Tuning 6 Establishing a Benchmark 6 Setting Performance Goals 8 General Tuning Concepts 10 Understanding Trade-offs 10 Common Tuning Problem Areas 11 Two Tuning Guidelines 13 Tuning Lifecycles 14 Review of the Oracle Architecture 15 The Oracle Instance 15 The Oracle Database 20 Summary 23 Exam Essentials 23 Key Terms 24 Review Questions 25 Answers to Review Questions 30 Chapter 2 Sources of Tuning Information 33 The Alert Log 34 Background, Event, and User Trace Files 38 Background Process Trace Files 38 Event Trace Files 39 User Trace Files 40 Managing Trace Files 44

3 Contents xi Performance Tuning Views 44 V$ Views Commonly Used in Performance Tuning 45 DBA Views Commonly Used in Performance Tuning 47 Sample Queries on Views 48 Oracle-Supplied Tuning Utilities 49 UTLBSTAT.SQL and UTLESTAT.SQL 50 STATSPACK 53 Graphical Performance Tuning Tools 59 Oracle Enterprise Manager Console 59 Oracle Diagnostics Pack 64 Oracle Tuning Pack 71 Summary 75 Exam Essentials 76 Key Terms 77 Review Questions 78 Answers to Review Questions 83 Chapter 3 SQL Application Tuning and Design 85 Measuring SQL Performance 86 The TKPROF Utility 87 The Explain Plan Facility 96 The AUTOTRACE Utility 102 SQL Tuning Information in STATSPACK Output 104 Understanding the Oracle Optimizer 108 Rule-Based Optimization 109 Cost-Based Optimization 109 Setting the Optimizer Mode 126 Optimizer Mode: Instance Level 127 Optimizer Mode: Session Level 129 Optimizer Mode: Statement Level 129 Optimizer Precedence Rules 131 Improving Application Performance 131 Improving Execution Paths 131 Minimizing I/O Using Indexes and Clusters 146

4 xii Contents OLTP vs. DSS Tuning Requirements 187 Tuning OLTP Systems 187 Tuning DSS Systems 187 Tuning Hybrid Systems: OLTP and DSS 188 Summary 188 Exam Essentials 189 Key Terms 189 Review Questions 191 Answers to Review Questions 198 Chapter 4 Tuning the Shared Pool 201 Understanding the Shared Pool 203 The Benefits of Statement Caching 203 Components of the Shared Pool 204 Measuring the Performance of the Shared Pool 210 Measuring Library Cache Performance 210 Measuring Data Dictionary Cache Performance 218 Improving Shared Pool Performance 220 Make It Bigger 221 Make Room for Large PL/SQL Statements 225 Keep Important PL/SQL Code in Memory 227 Encourage Code Reuse 229 Tune Library Cache specific init.ora Parameters 231 Summary 234 Exam Essentials 234 Key Terms 235 Review Questions 236 Answers to Review Questions 241 Chapter 5 Tuning the Database Buffer Cache 243 Understanding the Database Buffer Cache 244 The LRU List 245 User Server Process 247 Database Writer 248

5 Contents xiii Measuring the Performance of the Database Buffer Cache 249 Monitoring the Buffer Cache Using V$SYSSTAT 250 Monitoring the Buffer Cache Using STATSPACK 252 Using REPORT.TXT Output 253 Non Hit Ratio Performance Measures 254 Using OEM to Monitor Buffer Cache Performance 257 Improving Buffer Cache Performance 257 Make It Bigger 258 Use Multiple Buffer Pools 265 Cache Tables in Memory 277 Bypass Buffer Cache 279 Use Indexes Appropriately 279 Summary 280 Exam Essentials 280 Key Terms 281 Review Questions 282 Answers to Review Questions 287 Chapter 6 Tuning Other SGA Areas 289 Shared Server Concepts 290 Shared Server Architecture 292 Configuring Shared Servers 295 Measuring Shared Server Performance 297 Improving Shared Server Performance 305 Large Pool Concepts 308 Configuring the Large Pool 309 Measuring the Performance of the Large Pool 309 Improving the Performance of the Large Pool 310 Java Pool Concepts 311 Configuring the Oracle Java Environment 311 Measuring the Performance of the Java Pool 312 Improving the Performance of the Java Pool 314 Summary 314 Exam Essentials 315

6 xiv Contents Key Terms 315 Review Questions 316 Answers to Review Questions 321 Chapter 7 Tuning Redo Mechanisms 323 Understanding Oracle s Redo Mechanisms 324 Tuning the Redo Log Buffer 326 Measuring the Performance of the Redo Log Buffer 327 Improving Redo Log Buffer Performance 333 Tuning Checkpoints 336 Measuring the Performance of Checkpoints 338 Improving Checkpoint Performance 342 Tuning Online Redo Log Files 345 Measuring the Performance of Redo Logs 345 Improving Redo Log Performance 347 Tuning Archiving Operations 348 Measuring the Performance of Archiving 349 Improving the Performance of Archiving 350 Summary 355 Exam Essentials 355 Key Terms 356 Review Questions 357 Answers to Review Questions 362 Chapter 8 Tuning Disk I/O 365 Tuning Tablespace and Datafile I/O 368 Measuring Datafile I/O 371 Improving Datafile I/O 376 Tuning DBW0 Performance 388 Measuring DBW0 I/O 388 Improving DBW0 I/O 393 Tuning Segment I/O 396 Understanding Oracle Blocks and Extents 397 Improving Segment I/O 402

7 Contents xv Tuning Sort I/O 411 Measuring Sort I/O 414 Improving Sort I/O 418 Tuning Rollback Segment I/O 425 Understanding Rollback Segments 425 Measuring Rollback Segment I/O 429 Improving Rollback Segment I/O 441 Summary 454 Exam Essentials 455 Key Terms 456 Review Questions 457 Answers to Review Questions 464 Chapter 9 Tuning Contention 467 Latch Contention 468 Measuring Latch Contention 470 Tuning Latch Contention 476 Free List Contention 476 Measuring Free List Contention 477 Tuning Free List Contention 479 Lock Contention 480 Measuring Lock Contention 487 Tuning Lock Contention 491 Summary 495 Exam Essentials 495 Key Terms 496 Review Questions 497 Answers to Review Questions 502 Chapter 10 Operating System Tuning 505 Understanding Server Resources 506 Understanding and Tuning Server Memory 507 Understanding and Tuning Server CPUs 511 Understanding and Tuning Processes and Threads 516

8 xvi Contents Understanding Resource Manager 517 Resource Manager Resources 518 Configuring Resource Management 525 Monitoring Resource Manager 537 Summary 547 Exam Essentials 548 Key Terms 549 Review Questions 550 Answers to Review Questions 555 Glossary 557 Index 575