PostScript ej Acrobat/PDF

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1 PostScript ej Acrobat/PDF

2 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH

3 ~ PostScript ej ~ ~ Acrobat/PDF Applications, Troubleshooting, and Cross-Platform Publishing With 153 Figures and a CD-ROM 'Springer

4 Thomas Merz TaI Munchen Germany Title of the Original German Edition: Die Post5cript- ij Acrobat-Bibel Thomas Merz Verlag 1996 CIP-Data applied for Die Deutsche Bibliothek - clp-einheitsaufnahme PostScript & Acrobat, POF: applications, troubleshooting, and cross platform publishing / Thomas Merz. - Berlin; Heidelberg ; New York; Barcelona ; Budapest ; Hong Kong ; London ; Milan ; Paris; Santa Clara; Singapore; Tokyo; Springer. Medienkombination Orig.-Ausg. u.d.t.: Die PostScript- & Acrobat-Bibel ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / NE: Merz, Thomas; PostScript and Acrobat, POF Buch CO-ROM. - '997 This work consists of a printed book and aco-rom packaged with the book, and Is subject to copyright. AII rights are reserved, whether the whole orpart ofthe material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcastinj reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of thi publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright 1 of September 9, '965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. 5pringer-Verlag or the author make no warranty of representation, either express or implied with respect to this CD-ROM or book, includ ing their quality, merchantibility, or fitness for a particular pupose. In no event will Springer-Verlag or the author be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages arising out of the use or inability to use the CD-ROM or book, even if 5pringer-Verlag or the author have been advised of the possibility of such damages. el Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1997 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1St edition 1997 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: Camera ready by author Cover design and iiiustrations: Alessio leonardi, agora, Berlin Translated from German by Richard Hunt, Tadcaster, UK, and the author SPIN Printed on acid-free pa per 33/

5 Preface I don't want to bare the reader with longish explanations about this book-the table of contents gives a much better overview. What type of background da you need to take advantage oftbis book? Nothing specific. You should simply have some general experience in using computers and, of course, a certain degree of interest in the topic. Programming experience is definitely not required, each topic covered in the book is explained from the very beginning. However, even developers and programmers can profit from the book since much of the information is either hardly accessible or hasn't been compiled in this way before. I have tried to cover each and every subject related to PostScript and Acrobat. However, this doesn't include questions like "which problems will be encountered when using PostScript driver 5.28 and QuarkMaker 3.6?". Although the book considers current software features as they relate to PostScript and Acrobat, in most cases it doesn't take into account short-lived version numbers. Detailed descriptions of software bugs and current program updates are better suited for magazines. Here, I've just presented the basics of PostScript and Acrobat usage, explained their inner workings, and transferred know-how you can use in real-world situations. A word of thanks Many people were involved in preparing the German edition, modestly given the title "PostScript and Acrobat Bible". The network of proof-readers included software engineers, magazine editors, "ordinary" users, and typographers. l'd like to thank them all for helping improve the text andthe presentation of the material. Without these people the book would be only half as good. Richard Hunt from Tadcaster/UK not only translated the first four chapters accurately but also quickly replied to scores of s I sent to him asking silly questions. As with the German edition, the "Bavarian Lino-Tiger" Markus Wolfram was incredibly helpful in preparing films, late-night RIPping, and giving a helpful hand. Last, but definitely not least, I'd like to thank Alessio Leonardi for his expertise and never-ending patience, and the whole Agoracrew for being so helpful and providing such a pleasant atmosphere whenever they hosted me in Berlin. August1gg6 ThomasMerz V

6 Table of Contents Preface v 1 Basics Overview What is PostScript? The Evolution of PostScript s Advantages and Disadvantages of PostScript The PostScript Interpreter PostScript Configurations 70 2 Between Monitor and Printer Creating PostScript Data PostScript Drivers Programs with Integrated PostScript Drivers PostScript Converters PPD Files DSC Comments Transferring PostScript Data The Tasks of a Spooler Manipulation of PostScript Files Archiving PostScript Files Sending PostScript Data to the Printer Connection Types for PostScript Printers Transfer Protocols Resident Loading Interactive Access to the Interpreter PostScript Drivers for Different Operating Systems PostScript Under Windows 3.x PostScript UnderWindows PostScript on the Macintosh so PostScript Under Unix PostScript Errors Various Types oferror 53

7 2.5.2 Error Handling Routines Remedying PostScriptErrors Other Messages from the Interpreter 63 3 Encapsulated PostScript (EPS} 6s 3.1 How Does EPS Work? Exchanging Graphics Data Screen Representation of PostScript Data Embedding EPS Graphics Creating EPS Graphics Portability of EPS Graphics 72 p.6 Summary Differences Between PostScript and EPS EPS Requirements EPS Limitations EPS Flavors Macintosh Windows Device Independent Preview (EPSI) 8o Adobe Illustrator File Format (AI) Open Prepress Interface (OPI) Desktop Color Separation (DCS) Troubleshooting EPS Files Problems with Embedding EPS Graphics Problems with Printing EPS Graphics Converting EPS Graphics Procedures for EPS Troubleshooting Determining the Correct BoundingBox Adding a Preview Image Deleting a Preview Image PostScript Fants Digital Typography Same History Typographer's Jargon PostScript Fant Basics Type 1 Fantsand ATM Type 3 Fants TrueType Fantsand PostScript Multiple Master Fants 118 viii

8 4.2.5 The Font Cache lnstalling PostScript Fonts AFM Files Installing Fonts in MS-DOS Installing Fonts in Windows 3:x and Windows Installing Fonts in OS/2 '3' Installing Fonts on the Mac '3' Installing Fonts in the X Window System Installing Fonts in Display PostScript Downloading PostScript Fonts Manual Versus Automatie Download Memory Requirements for Fonts ' Downloading Fonts in MS-DOS ' Downloading Fonts in Windows 3.x and Windows 95 ' Downloading Fonts on the Mac Downloading Fonts in Unix Character Sets and Encoding Character Sets Using Hidden Characters and Special Character Sets ' CID Fonts Converting Fonts ' Converting Fonts for Windows Converting Fonts for the Mac Converting Fonts for Unix or OS/ Converting TrueType Fonts Font Editors Manipulating Fonts Creating a Logo Font Hints 170 s PostScript Level 2 ' The Goals of Level2 ' Standardization ' Optimization ' Device Independence Integration Philosophy Main Extensions in Level Filtersand Compression Techniques Color Spaces and Device-Independent Color Forms 183

9 5.24 Composite Fonts PostScript Resources Excursus on Compression Techniques RunLength Compression LZW Compression CCITT Compression DCT or JPEG Compression Level 2 in Practice Level2 Hardware Level2 Drivers Applications Creating Level2 Code Level1 Compatibility Converting Level2 to Level Using Level2 Without a Driver Compressed Raster Graphics in Level Printing PDF files Accelerated Printing of Fax and Other Image Data Forms BeginPage/EndPage Procedures Hidden Characters in a Font Gray Levelsand Color Simulating Gray Levelsand Color Frequency, Angle, and Spot Function Frequency Angle Spot Function Dot Gain and Transfer Function Controlling Halftone Parameters Improved Halftoning Techniques Supereell Screening Frequency Modulated Imaging Color Separation Exact Color Reproduction Color Spaces Garnut Compression Color Management Systems Color Processing in PostScript Level2 228 X

10 7 Display PostScript Overview Advantages of Display PostScript Language Extensions in Display PostScript Availability of Display PostScript Display PostScript in the X Window System (DPS/X) DPS/X Architecture PostScript Resources Installing Additional Fonts Adobe Acrobat and PDF The Roots of Acrobat The Paperless Office- Mere Fiction? The PostScript Experience Key Elements of the Acrobat Technology The Portable Document Format (PDF) Acrobat Reader and Exchange Creating PDF Documents PDF Usage Examples Acrobat in the World Wide Web The Document Languages HTML and PDF PDF as a MIME Type WWW Links in PDF Files Tightly Coupling Acrobat and Web Browser Optimized PDFs and Byteserving CGI Scripts for Dynamically Creating PDF Tips and Tricks for Acrobat and PDF Using PDF Documents Printing PDF Documents Creating PDF Documents Editing PDF Documents PDF Software on the CD-ROM How to Create Links in PDF Documents Acrobat-Savvy Applications PostScript Operators for Hypertext Links Distilling Multiple Files at Once PDF Documents with FrameMaker Creating Links Automatically in Microsoft Word pdfmark Operators in EPS Graphics 297 xi

11 9 Miscellaneous Optimizing Print Performance Optimization Using Standard Software Optimization Requiring More Effort Summary Preparing Data for the Service Bureau General Remarks Sending Native Application Files Sending PostScript Files Editing PostScript Files Converting to Illustrator Format Distilling to PDF Tailor Commercial Software RIPs 3" epscript Converting Raster Graphics Formats Converting Raster Graphics to PostScript Converting PostScripttoRaster Graphics Converting PostScript to PostScript Raster Graphics Converting Text Files Converting Text Files to Postscript Extracting Text from PostScript Files 322 A Contents of the CD-ROM 325 A.1 Using the CD-ROM 327 A.u General 327 A.1.2 Using the CD-ROM under MS-DOS, Windows, OS/2 327 A.1.3 Using the CD-ROM on the Macintosh 328 A.1.4 Using the CD-ROM Under Unix 328 A.1.5 Compression and Archive Formats 329 A.2 CD-ROM Directories 330 A.3 Auxiliary Software ("tools" Directory) 332 A-4 PostScript and PDF utilities ("software" Directory) 334 A.4.1 Overview 334 A42 Program Descriptions 335 A.s PostScript Files ("ps" Directory) 342 A.6 Demo Versions ("demo" Directory) 345

12 B Ghostscript 347 B.1 What is Ghostscript? 349 B.2 Installing Ghostscript 351 B.2.1 Installation on MS-DOS, Windows, and OS/2 351 B.2.2 Installation on the Macintosh 354 B.2.3 Installation on Unix 357 B.2-4 Font Configuration 359 B.3 Building Ghostscript from C Source 362 B.3.1 A Small Tour of Ghostscript Files 362 B-3.2 Compiling the Standard Version 363 B.3-3 Configuration Optionsand Drivers 366 B.4 Ghostscript Primer 371 B-4.1 Launehing Ghostscript 371 B.4.2 Printing with Ghostscript 373 B.4.3 Ghostscript as Viewer for a WWW Browser 375 B.s Ghostscript Reference Section 376 B.5.1 Command Line Options 376 B.5.2 Environment Variables 381 B.5.3 X Window System Resources 382 B.5.4 Configuration Error Messages 383 B.6 More Ghostscript Applications 384 B.6.1 Graphics File Formats 384 B.6.2 PDF Files 386 B.6.3 Printing and Extrading Text 387 B.64 Font Tools 388 C Character Sets 391 Bibliography 403 Index 409 xiii

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH

D( Script Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH s. Hamann H. Hell D. Pankow R. Wunderer DigiScript Edits Digital Manuscripts With CD-ROM Springer Sabine Hamann Hauke Hell Detlef Pankow Robert Wunderer