Securely Deploying TLS 1.3. September 2017
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1 Securely Deploying TLS 1.3 September 2017
2 Agenda Why TLS 1.3? Zero Round Trip Time (0-RTT) requests Forward secrecy Resumption key management
3 Why TLS 1.3?
4 Speed TLS impacts latency, not thoroughput Protocol setup requires one round trip Resume can be zero round trips Send application data ASAP
5 TLS 1.2 vs 1.3 ClientHello KeyShare ClientHello ClientKeyExchange ChangeCipherSpec Finished ServerHello Certificate ServerKeyExchange ServerHelloDone ChangeCipherSpec Finished Finished Application Data ServerHello KeyShare Certificate CertificateVerify Finished Application Data Application Data Application Data
6 Your POODLE will not DROWN in CRIME All symmetric ciphers are AEAD AES-GCM, AES-CCM, ChaCha20-Poly1305 All key exchanges are ephemeral FFDH over standard groups and ECDH All signatures are modern RSA-PSS, ECDSA, EdDSA Troublesome features discarded Compression, Export Ciphers, Explicit IV
7 Why TLS 1.3? Lower latency == happier users Conservative design == less churn Heavily reviewed and deployed today
8 Zero Round Trip Time
9 Standard Setup vs. 0-RTT ClientHello KeyShare Finished Application Data ServerHello KeyShare Certificate CertificateVerify Finished Application Data ClientHello EarlyData PreSharedKey KeyShare Application Data EndOfEarlyData Finished ServerHello PreSharedKey KeyShare Finished Application Data Application Data Application Data
10 Security implications 0-RTT requests can be replayed Let s replay Transfer 5 dollars to Scott Another corner case early server data We have a layering violation!
11 Reetbleed!
12 How on Earth did this happen? Unintended replays are a problem now Important transactions are idempotent Spec suggests users opt-in to 0-RTT Early draft adopters are working on patterns for application-level checks
13 Everything is ok
14 Zero Round Trip Time Do Design for idempotence Check for your stack s flag if you can t Do Not... Turn on 0-RTT blindly for all requests Make a logo
15 Monitoring Traffic Securely
16 Agreeing on a common key 1. Client generates key and encrypts to server s public key 2. Client and Server use Diffie-Hellman with ephemeral parameters
17 RSA Key Exchange Option 1 is secure so long as the server s private key is never disclosed If that key is leaked or broken, all historic traffic can be decrypted
18 Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Option 2 is secure as long as the server is not using a compromised key Attacker needs server private key AND intercept the DH exchange to compromise the session key
19 You get forward secrecy! All key exchanges in TLS 1.3 provide forward secrecy Great for practical security Great for hedge against unknown cryptographic breaks...but
20 Monitoring solutions impacted If you rely on decrypting historic ciphertext, this means you There s a reason - we broke attackers that want to do the same thing IF you are affected, hit the whiteboard
21 Monitoring Traffic Securely Do: Deploy TLS 1.3 Monitor managed environments Don t: Hobble TLS 1.3 Prefer down-level for ease of monitoring
22 Resumption Key Management
23 Session Resumption Remember 0-RTT? That pre-shared key needs to be shared In practice, client informs server of key
24 Session Resumption 1. Keep a list of all historic keys and give the client an identifier 2. Keep one key, use it to encrypt PSK 24
25 Session Resumption The spec leaves it to the implementer Option 2 is a safe bet Key management is your problem 25
26 Key Management Hiccups Unsynchronized keys across servers 0-RTT Fails Failing to rotate aggressively Great single point of failure Failing to negotiate ephemeral key Limited benefits of forward secrecy 26
27 Resumption Key Management Do: Rotate keys on an aggressive schedule Distribute keys to server farm securely Negotiate ephemeral keys after PSK Don t: Think it is secure out of the box 27
28 Thank You!
29 Thank You Crypto Services at NCC Group Joe Salowey of Tableau Nick Sullivan of Cloudflare The IETF Working Group
30 More Information TLS 1.3 Specification Bulletproof TLS Newsletter Cloudflare Blog
31 Questions?
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