HAVING clause, 234, 254 having() method, 234

Transcription

1 Index Symbols > JP QL operator, 242 >= JP QL operator, JP QL expression, 243 * JP QL expression, 243 / JP QL expression, JP QL expression, 243 = JP QL operator, 242 <> JP QL operator, 242 < JP QL operator, 242 <= JP QL operator, 242 A abandonallchanges() method, 164 ABS function, 216 ABS JP QL function, 243 AbstractQuery interface, annotation, 61 accrueemployeevacation() method, 369 ACID transaction, 49 Activation process, 34 addemployee() method, 119 additems() method, 133 addkeysubgraph() method, 331 addnamedentitygraph() method, 332 addnamedquery() method, 173 Advanced ORM additional elements optionality, 283 read-only mappings, 282 compound primary keys (see Compound primary keys) converting entity state (see Converting entity state) derived identifiers (see Derived identifiers) embedded objects bidirectional relationships, 269 ContactInfo class, 270 ContactInfo object, 269 Phone class, 270 relationship override, 271 inheritance (see Inheritance) multiple tables embedded type, 292 meet-in-the-middle variety, 290 multiple secondary tables, annotation, annotation, annotation, 291 table structure, 292 two tables entity, 291 relationships (see Advanced relationships) table and column names, Advanced relationships join columns EMPLOYEE table, 285 with join table, 287 many-to-one/one-to-one relationships, 286 self-referencing, join tables many-to-one mapping, 284 one-to-many relationship, 284 unidirectional/bidirectional, 284 mapping relationship state association class, 289 intermediate entity, with join table, 289 orphanremoval element, alias() method, 239 ALL JP QL expression, 243 AND JP QL operator, 242 Annotation processing tool (APT), 260 ANY JP QL expression, 243 Application component models, 29 Application scope, 45 archiveconversations() method, 184 Arquillian framework, 470 assignemployeetoproject() method,

2 annotation, 407 Attribute converter Interface, annotation, 406 AuditService instance, 44 AVG function, 222 AVG JP QL aggregate function, 244 B Backus-Naur form (BNF), annotation, 64, 397 Bean-managed transactions (BMT), 52 beans.xml descriptor, 45 BETWEEN JP QL operator, 242 Boolean-to-Integer converter, 265 Building and deployment deployment classpath, 426 packaging options EJB JAR, 427 persistence archive, 430 web archive, 429 persistence unit scope, 431 Bulk update and delete queries, 254 annotation, 426 CacheStoreMode.USE option, 375 Caching, 371 cache interface, 373 cache mode properties, 376 JPA, 371 layers, 371 shared cache, 373 dynamic cache management, 375 static configuration, 374 Callback methods definition, 338 enterprise contexts, 339 entity listeners (see Entity listeners) cancel() method, 134 Case expressions, 250 CASE JP QL expression, 243 CDI and contextual injection CDI beans, 44 injection and resolution, 44 producer methods entity managers references, 48 producer code and qualifier annotation definitions, annotation, qualified injection, 46 scopes and contexts, 45 CDI beans, 44 ClassLoader.getResource(), 422 CleaningFeeManagement, 364 clear() method, 143, 177 COALESCE JP QL expression, 243 Collection mapping DEPT_EMP join table, 105 duplicates, 112 embeddable type, 106 EMPLOYEE and DEPARTMENT entity tables, 105 EMPLOYEE entity table, 103 EMP_PHONE collection table, 103 entity attribute, EntityType, 109 enumerated types, 104 keys and values, 102 List order by entity/element attribute, 99 persistently ordered lists, 100 PrintQueue to PrintJob, 100 many-to-many relationship, 104 null values, 113 one-to-many mapping, 104 relationships and element collections embeddables and basic types, 96 EMPLOYEE entity table, 97 Overriding collection table columns, 97 VacationEntry embeddable class, 95 rules, 111 Sets, 98 String Keys, 102 Collection-valued association join tables, 87 many-to-many mappings, 86 one-to-many mappings, 84 unidirectional collection mappings, annotation, annotation, 314 Compound identifier, 279, 285 Compound primary keys embedded Id class, Employee entity, 272 Id class, CONCAT function, 216 CONCAT JP QL function, 243 Concurrency entity access, 355 entity operations, 355 Conversation scope, annotation, annotation, 268 Converting entity state attribute conversion element collections, 267 embedded attributes, 266 limitations,

3 Index automatic conversion, 268 converter creation, 265 converters and queries, 268 COUNT DISTINCT JP QL aggregate function, 244 COUNT function, 222 COUNT JP QL aggregate function, 244 createemployee() method, 125 createentitygraph() method, 332 createentitymanagerfactory() method, 21, 353, createnamedquery() call, 171 createnativequery() method, 309 createquery() method, 25, 168 Criteria API building expressions case expressions, 250 downcasting, 252 function expressions, 252 IN expressions, 249 JP QL to CriteriaBuilder aggregate function mapping, 241, 244 JP QL to CriteriaBuilder function mapping, 241, 243 JP QL to CriteriaBuilder predicate mapping, JP QL to CriteriaBuilder scalar expression mapping, 241, 243 literals, 245 outer join criteria, 253 parameter expressions, 245 predicates, 245 subqueries, 246 bulk update and delete, 255 canonical metamodel generation tools, 260 metamodel class for employee, annotation, 259 strongly typed approach, 259 creating a query definition, 233 employee search query using criteria API, 231 using dynamic JP QL query, 230 FROM clause fetch joins, 241 inner and outer joins, 240 GROUP BY and HAVING clauses, 254 metamodel API, 255 objects and mutability, 234 ORDER BY clause, 254 parameterized types, 229 path expressions, 236 query roots, 235 SELECT clause selecting multiple expressions, 238 selecting single expressions, 237 using aliases, 239 select query clause methods, 233 string-based API, 258 syntax and usage, 227 WHERE clause, 241 CriteriaBuilder interface, 228 CriteriaBuilder objects, 234 CriteriaQuery object, 228, 234 CURRENT_DATE function, 216 CURRENT_DATE JP QL function, 243 CURRENT_TIME function, 216 CURRENT_TIME JP QL function, 243 CURRENT_TIMESTAMP function, 216 CURRENT_TIMESTAMP JP QL function, 243 D Data access object (DAO), 2 Data Definition Language (DDL), 434 DataSource interface, 49 Declarative container services, 30 Dependency lookup EJBContext lookup() method, EJB dependency, 39 Dependency management and CDI, 30 declaring dependencies referencing a persistence context, 42 referencing a persistence unit, 42 referencing server resources, 43 dependency injection field injection, 41 setter injection, 41 dependency lookup, 40 resource reference annotations, annotation, 45 Dependent entity, 276 Derived identifiers alternative, 281 compound identifier, 279 dependent entity, 276 dept attribute, 280 embeddable id class DeptId class, ProjectId class, 279 annotation, 278 parent entity, 276 relationship attribute, 278 rules, shared mappings, 278 simple integer identifier, 277 single attribute, 277 trivial mapping, 278 Detached entity configuring eager loading, 154 detach() operation, 146 EmployeeService bean,

4 index Detached entity (cont.) entity manager per request, 158 JSP page, 152 lazy-loading attributes, listemployees.jsp, 152 merge strategy beginning session, 161 completing session, 162 conversation pattern, 164 HttpSessionBindingListener callback, 162 save() method, 160 Session Façade, 160 stateful session bean, 160 web application frameworks, 162 web tier, 162 merging addr object, 149 cascade setting, 150 entity state prior, IllegalArgumentException exception, 148 managed instance, 148 persistence context, 148 persist() method, 148 phone/department entity, 149 MVC architecture, 151 parkingspace attribute, 147 persistence context, 146 phones relationship, 147 transaction view, 155 triggering lazy loading, 153 Dot operator (.), 198 Downcasting, 252 E EJB container-managed transactions, 51 EJB model, 29 Embeddable contactinfo class, annotation, annotation, 396 EmployeeDebugListener class, 342, 346 EmployeeDebugListener.prePersist() method, 346 EMPLOYEE entity table, 103 EmployeeId Id Class, 273 EmployeeService class in Java EE, 27 persistence unit, session bean, using a servlet, 56 Enterprise application testing acceptance tests, 446 functional test, 446 integration test, 446 (see also Integration test) Java SE clients, 445 JUnit test framework, 447 outside components, 447 server deployment, 445 server environment, 445 test-driven development (TDD), 446 unit test, 446 (see also Unit test) Enterprise JavaBeans (EJBs), 9 Enterprise JavaBeans query language (EJB QL), annotation, 194 Entity graphs accessing named entity graphs, 331 addnamedentitygraph() method, 332 annotation attribute graphs, 324 definition, 328 inheritance, 327 Map key subgraphs, subgraphs, 325, 327 API addattributenodes() method, 329 addsubgraph() method, 330 creation, 329 inheritance, 330 Map key subgraph, 331 root entity class, 330 createentitygraph() method, default fetch graph, 323 domain model subset, 322 fetch graphs, load graph, state, 322 types, 322 Entity listeners, 340 CDI beans, 340 default, 342 multiple entity listeners, 341 Entity manager application-managed entity manager, 123 container-managed entity manager extended entity manager, 121 transaction-scoped, 119 createentitymanagerfactory() method, 21 createquery() method, 25 detached entity (see Detached entity) dynamic query, 24 find()method, 22 flexible transaction propagation, 137 javax.persistence.entitymanager, 19 lifecycle of, 137 named query, 24 objects and concepts, 20 operations cascade persist, 141 cascade remove, 143 clear() method, 143 employee/address entities,

5 Index find() method, 140 logical relationship annotations, 141 persist() method, 138 remove() method, 140 persistence context, 21, 117 remove() method, 23 size and complexity, 138 synchronization cascade settings, 145 components, 144 emp object, 145 flush() operation, 144 IllegalStateException exception, 145 phone objects, 145 ps object, 145 remove() operation, 145 unmanaged entity, 144 transaction management (see Transaction management) transactions, 23 updation, 23 EntityManagerFactory addnamedquery() method, 172 EntityManagerFactory instance, 42 EntityManager.find(), 361 EntityManager instance, 42 EntityManager.lock(), 361 EntityManager.persist(), 337 EntityManager.refresh(), 361 EntityManager.remove(), 338 Entity metadata annotations, 17 configuration, 17 XML, 17 Entity read-only, annotation, 312, annotation, 268, constraint annotation, 351 executeupdate() method, 175 EXISTS JP QL operator, 242 F fetch() method, 241 Field injection, annotation, 313, 315 find() method, 125 First In First Out (FIFO) queue, 100 FROM clause, 234 fetch joins, 241 inner and outer joins, 239 From interface, 235 from() method, 234 Functional tests, 446 Function expressions, 252 annotation, 71 getdepartment() call, 153 getentitygraph() method, 331 getentitymanagerfactory() call, 121 getidentifier(), 377 getoutputparametervalue() methods, 319 getpersistenceunitutil() method, 377 getpersistenceutil() method, 377 getproperties() method, 122 getresultlist() method, 175, 197 GROUP BY clause, 234, 254 groupby() method, 234 H HAVING clause, 234, 254 having() method, 234 annotation, 60 annotation, 396 Identifier generation automatic Id generation, 71 database sequence, 74 annotation, 71 strategies, 71 table Address entities, 74 allocationsize element, 73 columns, 72 id storage, 72 initialvalue element, 73 name element, 73 SQL, 74 table element, 73 INCREMENT BY clause, 75 INDEX function, 216 IN expression, 250 Inheritance class hierarchies abstract and concrete classes, 297 java object model, 294 mapped superclass, 295 non-entity classes, 294 transient classes, 296 joined strategy, mixed inheritance, 304 single-table strategy ContractEmployee entity, 299 data sample, 300 discriminator column, 298 discriminator value,

6 index Inheritance (cont.) Employee entity class, 297 persistence classes, 297 polymorphic queries, 298 table-per-concrete-class strategy, 302, 304 initialize() method, 352 init() method, 119 IN JP QL operator, 242 Integration test, 446, 454 components and persistence container-managed entity managers, 465 embedded EJB container, 467 lifecycle methods, 467 transaction management (see Transaction management) entity manager configurations, 457 database connection minimization, 459 persistence class, 456 query execution, 456 teardown() method, 456 test setup and teardown, 456 vs. unit test, 456 UserService bean, 454 frameworks, 469 Arquillian framework, 470 JPA-unit, 469 Spring TestContext, 470 IS EMPTY JP QL operator, 242 isloaded() methods, 377 isloaded(object) method, 377 IS NOT EMPTY JP QL operator, 242 IS NOT NULL JP QL operator, 242 IS NULL JP QL operator, 242 J, K JavaBean, definition, 29 Java database connectivity (JDBC), 2 Java Data Objects (JDOs), 9 Java Development Kit (JDK), 10 Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI), 38 Java persistence API (JPA) EJB 3.0/JPA 1.0, 11 entity creation, 19 creation and transaction management, 27 CRUD operation, 26 granularity, 16 identity, 16 implementation, 26 manager (see Entity manager) metadata, 17 persistability, 15 persistence archive, 28 persistence unit, 28 transactionality, 16 history of, 11 Java support persistence data mappers, 8 EJB, 9 java data objects (JDO), 9 JDBC, 9 proprietary solutions, 8 JPA 2.0, 11 JPA 2.1, 12 ORM benefits of, 2 class representation, 4 definition, 2 inheritance, 7 relationship, 6 OSS project, 10 overview configuration, 13 integration/testability, 14 mobile entity, 13 nonintrusiveness, 13 object query, 13 POJO persistence, 10, 12 relational databases, 1 Java Persistence Query Language (JP QL) aggregate query, 167, AVG function, 222 COUNT function, 222 GROUP BY clause, 222 HAVING clause, 223 MAX function, 222 SUM function, 222 application, bulk update/delete statement application, 186 bulk removal of, 186 entities A/B, 187 find() operation, 186 issues, 186 operation sequences, 187 relationship maintenance, 188 REQUIRES_NEW transaction, 185 transaction-scoped persistence contexts, 186 delete query, 224 domain model, 194 dynamic named query EntityManagerFactory addnamedquery() method, 173 getentitymanagerfactory(), 173 dynamic query definition createquery() method, 168 GET/POST request, 170 malicious attack,

7 Index named parameters, 170 OR condition, 170 query engine, 169 salary information, 169 security threat, 170 string value, EJB QL, 165 Employee instance, 167 entities joins, 167 filtering, 166 named query definition, 171 Employee.findAll, 171 EntityManager interface, 171 execution, 172 multiple entities, annotations, 171 positional parameters, 172 string concatenation, 171 object model, 193 parameter types binding, 174 date/calendar, 174 department entity, 174 dept parameters, 175 named query definition, 174 setparameter() method, 174 TemporalType enumeration, 174 WHERE clause, 175 performance and responsiveness bulk update and delete operations, 190 named queries, 189 persistence provider, 191 report queries, 190 stateless session bean, 190 vendor hints, 190 query execution getresultlist() method, 175 getsingleresult() method, 176 grouping expressions/multiple functions, 180 iteration, 175 NonUniqueResultException exception, 176 NoResultException exception, 176 optimization, 178 pagination, 182 query timeout, 184 result type, 177 SELECT query, 176 setlockmode() method, 176 unassignedquery object, 176 uncommitted changes, 184 untyped result, 177 query hints, 189 query parameters, 168 single entity type, 166 select query (see Select query) terminology, 193 update query, 223 Java support persistence data mappers, 8 Enterprise JavaBeans, 9 Java data objects, 9 JDBC, 8 proprietary solutions, 8 Java Transaction API (JTA), 49 javax.persistence.entitymanager, 19 javax.persistence package, 17 javax.persistence.query.timeout property, annotation, 80, 282, 285 Joined strategy, joinmap() method, 240 join() method, 239 Joins fetch joins, inner joins, 202 JOIN operator and collection association fields, 202 JOIN operator and single-valued association fields, 203 multiple joins, 204 WHERE clause, 204 map joins, 205 outer joins, 205 annotation, 88 jointransaction() call, JPA-Unit framework, 469 JP QL. See Java Persistence Query Language (JP QL) JUnit test framework, 447 L Lazy fetching, 66 LENGTH function, 216 LENGTH JP QL function, 243 Lifecycle callbacks, 337 callback methods definition, 338 enterprise contexts, 339 inheritance, 343 entity listeners, 340 CDI beans, 340 default, 342 inheritance, 343 multiple entity listeners, 341 lifecycle events, 337 inheritance, 342 invocation order, 343 PostLoad, 338 PrePersist and PostPersist, 337 PreRemove and PostRemove, 338 PreUpdate and PostUpdate,

8 index Lifecycle management, 30 LIKE JP QL operator, 242 Literal values, 245 loademployee() method, annotation, 67 LOCATE function, 216 LOCATE JP QL function, 243 Locking, 358 optimistic locking, 358 advanced modes, 360 optimistic failures, 365 read locking, 361 versioning system, 359 write locking, 363 pessimistic locking, 367 modes, 368 pessimistic failures, 371 pessimistic forced increment locking, 370 pessimistic scope, 370 pessimistic timeouts, 370 read locking, 369 write locking, 368 Logical annotation, 59 logtransaction() method, 125 Loose coupling, 30 LOWER function, 216 LOWER JP QL function, 243 M Managed classes and mapping attribute element, 393 embedded object mappings association-override, 407 attribute-override, 406 embedded element, 405 entity listeners, 412 exclude-default-listeners, 413 exclude-superclass-listeners, 413 identifier mappings, 395 embedded-id element, 396 id-class, 396 id element, 395 inheritance mappings association-override, 410 attribute-override, 410 discriminator-column element, 409 discriminator-value element, 409 inheritance element, 408 lifecycle events, 411 named entity graphs, 413 relationship and collection mappings element-collection, 404 many-to-many mapping, 403 many-to-one mapping, 399 one-to-many mapping, 401 one-to-one mapping, 402 simple mappings basic mappings, 397 transient element, 398 version element, 399 tables, annotation, 86, annotation, 80 MAX function, 222 MAX JP QL aggregate function, 244 MEMBER OF JP QL operator, 242 Metamodel API, 255 MIN function, 222 MIN JP QL aggregate function, 244 Mixed inheritance, 304 Mixed strategies, 305 MOD function, 216 MOD JP QL function, 243 multiselect() method, 238 annotation, annotation, 171 NameValidator class, 342 NameValidator.validateName() method, 346 NOT EXISTS JP QL operator, 242 NOT IN JP QL operator, 242 NOT JP QL operator, 242 NOT LIKE JP QL operator, 242 NOT MEMBER OF JP QL operator, 242 NULLIF JP QL expression, 243 O Object-oriented database (OODB), 10 Object-relational mapping (ORM) advanced (see Advanced ORM) benefits of, 2 class representation, 4 definition, 2 embedded object Address embedded type definition, 91 address information, 90 address shared by two entities, annotation, 92 description, 90 in multiple entities, 93 entity state field access, 60 mixed access, 61 property access,

9 Index inheritance, 7 mapping primary key identifier generation (see Identifier generation) overriding primary key column, 70 primary key types, 71 mapping simple annotation, 64 column mapping, 65 enumerated types, 67 large objects, 67 lazy fetching, 66 persistable types list, 64 temporal types, 69 transient state, 70 mapping to table, 63 persistence annotation, 59 relationships, 6 cardinality, 78 collection-valued associations (see Collection-valued association) directionality, 77 lazy relationships, 89 ordinality, 78 roles, 76 single-valued associations (see Single-valued annotation, 85, annotation, 82 Open source software (OSS), 10 OptimisticLockException, Optimistic locking advanced modes, 360 optimistic failures, 365 read locking, 361 versioning system, 359 write locking, 363 Optional mappings, 283 ORDER BY clause, 234, 253 orderby() method, 234 OR JP QL operator, 242 Orphan removal, P Parameter expressions, 245 Parent entity, 276 PartTimeEmployee.checkVacation(), 343 Passivation method, 34 Persistence annotation, annotation, annotation, 42, 122, 173 Persistence unit configuration class element, 433 command-line persistence properties, 433 data source, 421, 432 EmployeeService, 420 managed classes explicitly listed classes, 424 jar-file element, 424 local classes, 423 mapping files, 423 mapping files, 422 persistence provider, 420 properties element, 426 provider element, 433 shared cache mode, 425 system classpath, 434 transaction type, 420, 432 validation mode, 426 PersistenceUnitUtil, 377 PersistenceUtil, 377 persistence.xml file, 123 Pessimistic locking, 367 modes, 368 pessimistic failures, 371 pessimistic forced increment locking, 370 pessimistic scope, 370 pessimistic timeouts, 370 read locking, 369 write locking, 368 Physical annotation, 59 Plain old Java object (POJO), 10 PostActivate method, annotation, 173 PostLoad callback, 338 PostPersist events, 338 PostUpdate callback, 338 Predicates, 244 PrePassivate method, 35 PrePersist event, 337 PreUpdate events, annotation, 291 PrintJob Entity, 100 processallchanges() method, public void foo() {}, 338 public void foo(object o) {}, 340 Q Qualifier annotation, 46 Query entity graphs (see Entity graphs) SQL (see SQL annotations, 189 Query Language. See Java Persistence Query Language (JP QL) Query.setHint() method, 189 Query.setLockMode(),

10 index R Range variable declarations, 201 Read-only mappings, 282 refresh() method, 188, 355 Request scope, 45 resetsynctime() method, 342, annotation, 43 Resource reference annotations, policy, 351 Rollbacks, 53 S savechangestoemployee() method, 163 save() method, 160 Schema generation columndefinition element, 443 definition, 434 deployment properties, 439 generation input, 437 generation output, 436 floating point columns, 442 foreign key constraints, 441 generation process, 434 indexes element, 440 mapping annotations, 439 null constraints, 440 string-based columns, 442 unique constraints, annotation, 291 SELECT clause, 234 selecting multiple expressions, 237 selecting single expressions, 236 using aliase, 239 select() method, 234, Select query FROM clause definition, 197 identification variables, 201 joins (see Joins) identification variables, 197 inheritance and polymorphism downcasting, subclass discrimination, 214 ORDER BY clause, scalar expressions CASE expressions, function, literals, native database functions, 217 SELECT clause constructor expressions, 200 definition, 197 entity and object, multiple expressions, 200 path expressions, 198 WHERE clause, 207 ANY, ALL, and SOME expressions, 213 Backus-Naur form (BNF), 208 BETWEEN expressions, 209 collection expressions, 212 EXISTS expressions, 213 IN expressions, 211 input parameters, 208 LIKE expressions, 209 subquery, 209, annotation, 388 Servlets definition, 37 HTTP session, 37 maintaining conversational state, 38 Session beans definition, 30 singleton session beans definition, 36 lifecycle callbacks, 37 stateful session beans definition, 33 lifecycle callbacks, 34 shopping cart implementation, stateless session beans business interface, 31 definition, 31 HelloService interface, 32 lifecycle callbacks, 33 without interface, 32 SessionContext instance, 43 Session scope, 45 setfirstresult() method, 180 setflushmode() method, 183 setlockmode() method, 176 setmaxresults() method, 180 setparameter() methods, Single-table strategy, Singleton session beans, Single-valued association bidirectional one-to-one mappings, 83 join columns, 80 many-to-one mapping, 79 one-to-one mappings, 81 SIZE function, 217 SIZE JP QL function, 243 SOME JP QL expression, 243 Spring TestContext, 470 SQL queries advantage, 310 definition,

11 Index execution, 310 INSERT and DELETE statements, 311 vs. JDBC queries, JPA, 311 JP QL, 307 parameter binding, 318 result set mapping column aliases, 313 compound keys, definition, 312 foreign keys, 312 inheritance, multiple result mapping, non-entity types, scalar result columns, 313 annotation, 312 stored procedures definitions, 319 JPA 2.1, 318 mapping, result set parameter types, 319 scalar parameter types, annotation, 312 SQRT function, 217 SQRT JP QL function, 243 Stateful session beans. See Session beans Stateless session beans. See Session beans String-based API, 257 Subqueries, 246 SUBSTRING function, 217 SUBSTRING JP QL function, 243 SUM function, 222 SUM JP QL aggregate function, 244 annotation, annotation, 388 Table-per-concrete-class strategy, 302, 304 Target foreign key, annotation, 69, 268, annotation, 52 Transactional interceptors, annotation, 51 Transaction management, 460 ACID transactions, 49 bean-managed transactions stubbed UserTransaction, 464 test execution, 464 UserTransaction interface, bean-managed transactions (BMT), 52 container-managed transactions benefits, 461 business method, EJB transactions, 52 transactional interceptors, 52 transaction attributes, JTA addemployee() method, 126 application-managed persistence context, 131 EmployeeService, 126 logging department changes, 126 logtransaction() method, 127 persistence context collision, 128 persistence context inheritance, 129 transaction-scoped persistence context, 125 unsynchronized, 134 UserTransaction.begin() method, 126 properties, resource-local transactions begin()method, 134 EntityTransaction interface, 134 getrollbackonly() method, 134 gettransaction() method, 134 Java EE environment, 135 rollback/entity state, 137 session beans and persistence operations, 460 transaction demarcation, 50 Transaction scope, annotation, 62, 70 Transient superclass, 296 TRIM function, 217 TRIM JP QL function, 243 U Unit tests, 446, 448 entities business methods, 448 in components, 449 data validation and transformation, 448 property methods, 448 setid() method, 449 entity manager authenticate() method, 451 MockEntityManager class, 453 standard interfaces, 451 UserService class, 452 Untyped Maps, 110 UPPER function, 217 UPPER JP QL function, 243 URL-to-String converter, 268 UserTransaction interface, 53 Utility classes, 377 PersistenceUnitUtil, 377 PersistenceUtil,

12 index V validate() method, 342 Validation, 347 constraints built-in validation constraints, 348 constraint annotations, 351 creation, 350 Employee object class, 347 implementation classes, constraint, annotation, constraint, 347 enabling validation, 353 entity, 352 groups, 349 invoking validation, 348 javax.persistence.validation.mode, 353 JPA, 352 lifecycle validation groups, 354 multiple groups, 350 validation-mode element, annotation, 399 W WHERE clause, 234, 241 where() method, 234 entity-mappings, 381 generator and query element, 387 named-native-query, 389 named-query, 389 named-stored-procedure-query, 390 sequence-generator, 388 sql-result-set-mapping, 391 table-generator element, 388 header file, 381 managed classes and mapping (see Managed classes and mapping) mapping file defaults element access, 387 catalog element, 387 package element, 386 schema element, 386 metadata, 380 persistence unit defaults element, 383 access element, 384 cascade-persist element, 385 catalog element, 384 delimited-identifiers, 384 entity-listeners element, 385 schema element, 383 X, Y, Z XML mapping files, 403 converter element, 415 disabling annotation metadata-complete attribute, 382 xml-mapping-metadata-complete element,