2/12/15. Template Method. Design Patterns. In Swing s JComponent. Template Method. Where do template methods come from? Making Template Methods
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1 Design Patterns Template Method Problem: Some classes have a similar algorithm, but it is a little different for each class. Solution: Define the skeleton of the algorithm as a method in a superclass, deferring some steps to subclasses. Template Method, Façade, Adapter,, CS Template Method A template method calls abstract methods. Subclasses provide concrete implementations of abstract methods. Template method in superclass calls methods in subclass Template Method separates the invariant part of an algorithm from the parts that vary with each subclass In Swing s JComponent public void paint(graphics g) { Graphics cg = getcomponentgraphics(g); Graphics co = SwingGraphics.createSwingGraphics(cg); paintcomponent(co); paintborder(co); paintchildren(co); Where do template methods come from? Making Template Methods Two classes, each with a paint() method. All getcomponentgraphics and then createswinggraphics, but do different things with them. Some have border, some don t. Some have children, some don t. paintcomponent(co); paintborder(co); paintchildren(co); Given two methods with same name in different classes Mark places that are DIFFERENT Extract those places into separate methods in same classes Methods are now the same - move to superclass
2 Façade Design Pattern Why Façade? Provide a unified interface to a set of interfaces in a subsystem. Define a higher-level interface that makes the subsystem easier to use. Facade Hide complexity of subsystem Make a single API instead of a set of classes Allow subsystem to change without affecting clients Adapter Design Pattern Adapter Pattern Intent: Convert the interface of a class into another interface clients expect. Adapter lets classes work together that couldn t otherwise because of incompatible interfaces. Client Target An adapter object will make the adaptee act like it has the target interface. Adapter Adaptee Design Pattern Intent: when one object changes state, all the dependent objects are notified and updated. Example one-to-many dependency between objects Allows for consistency between related objects without tightly coupling classes i.e., reduces coupling between objects 11 CS
3 Key Players Subject Knows its observers provides interface for adding/ removing observers Defines an interface for notifying the subjects of changes to the object Defines an updating interface ConcreteSubject Sends notification to observers when state changes Concrete Implements interface to keep state consistent with subject Observable Subject Add Remove Notify() DataObject observer/dependent * Update PieChart Update BarChart Update CS CS Using Decide whether object is Subject, or Subjects must call notify() when they change state s must define update() s must register with Subjects Dependence If package A depends on package B then you can t run the tests for A unless you also have B A depends on B means you can t use A unless you have B CS CS Cycles of dependence If package A depends on package B then package B should NOT depend on package A. If classes C and D both depend on each other (what?) put them in the same package. Eliminating dependence The pattern eliminates dependence. Example: Suppose that FBIAgent is an observer of Mobster. Mobster is a subclass of Subject, so it can have observers. Class FBIAgent probably depends on class Mobster, but Mobster does not depend on FBIAgent. CS CS
4 Pattern example from Eclipse: Tracking Java Element Changes Subject adddependent: removedependent: notify() * Update() Subject - JavaCore addelementchangedlistener() - ElementChangedListener() elementchanged(elementchangedevent) Mobster robbank drivecar FBIAgent Update() CS ElementChangedEvent has a set of JavaElementDeltas CS Tracking in SWT Just like Swing Subject - Button addselectionlistener() - SelectionListener() widgetselected(selectionevent) widgetdefaultselected(selectionevent) Code Example public interface Subject { public void add( o ); public void remove( o ); public void notify(); public interface { public void update( Subject o ); CS CS Activity: implement code for pattern - 1 Subject: the user inputs an int number (read from keyboard) - 3 s: one displays (e.g., prints to console) the number in Hex format, another in Octal format, another in Binary format class IntegerSubject implement add,remove,notify class Hex, Oct, Binary implement update CS Activity class IntegerSubject implements Subject{ List observers; public void add( ob){ observers.add(ob); public void setstate( int in ) { state = in; notify(); private void notify() { for (int i=0; i < totalobs; i++) { observers.get(i).update(this); CS
5 Activity class Hex implements { public void update(subject subj) { System.out.print( + Integer.toHexString(subj.getState()) ); Pattern Intent: encapsulate a request as an object command you can pass the "command" around until you can find which object can handle it, you can undo it, you can put it on a queue will have an execute() and an undo() method Each command is a separate subclass of CS CS Invoker Undo() Waiter Hamburger Hot Dogs Order Fries Creator Concrete Undo() Chef CS Make CS361Food() 28 When to use The object can be used when you need to tell the program to execute the command later. In such cases, you are saving commands as objects to be executed later When to use Support undo s can store additional state so that they can reverse the effect of a previous execute operation Sending command objects over a network or saving them in a collection class CS CS
6 Examples of pattern in Eclipse Every Refactoring is a command (performchange returns the undo change) Copy/Paste/Cut and most of the menu actions that change the source code CS
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