Curs 11. Servicii Web. 5 ianuarie Gestiunea Serviciilor de Rețea. GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 1/42

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1 Curs 11 Servicii Web Gestiunea Serviciilor de Rețea 5 ianuarie 2012 GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 1/42

2 Moto A journey of a thousand sites begins with a single click. The Internet is full. Go away. GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 2/42

3 World Wide Web Apache Web Server Configurare Apache Module Apache Virtual Hosting Securitate în Apache Încheiere Întrebări GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 3/42

4 Suport Unix and Linux System Administration Chapter 23 Web Hosting Professional Linux System Administration Chapter 11 Web and SQL Services GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 4/42

5 Outline World Wide Web Apache Web Server Configurare Apache Module Apache Virtual Hosting Securitate în Apache Încheiere Întrebări GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 5/42

6 WWW World Wide Web (Web, W3) serviciu din Internet rețea (web) de informație folosire de hyperlink-uri Sir Tim Berners-Lee, 1990, CERN W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) probabil cel mai utilizat protocol din Internet searchable Web vs. Invisible Web/Deep Web noiembrie 2011 peste 150 de milioane de site-uri acctive GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 6/42

7 WWW (2) URL Uniform Resource Locator localizarea unei resurse HTML Hypertext Markup Language limbajul de descriere a paginilor web (conținut, format, structură) HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol protocolul folosit de WWW sistem client/server portul 80 închiderea conexiunii GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 7/42

8 Servere web cunosc protocolul HTTP (HTTPS) implicit, ascultă conexiuni pe portul 80 Apache (cotă de piață, funcționalitate) lighttpd (eficiență) nginx (eficiență) Microsoft IIS (Windows Server, suport) containere: Apache Tomcat GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 8/42

9 Clienți web browsere, navigatoare dezvoltate intens; utilizate des rendering engine ACID tests Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari, Opera, Chrome CLI: lynx, w3m, links, elinks neinteractive: wget, curl (libcurl) GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 9/42

10 Alte concepte CGI, FGCI module pentru servere Javascript, AJAX HTTPS, SSL cookies sesiuni GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 10/42

11 Outline World Wide Web Apache Web Server Configurare Apache Module Apache Virtual Hosting Securitate în Apache Încheiere Întrebări GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 11/42

12 Apache Web Server cel mai răspândit server web NCSA server, 1994 A Patchy Web Server Apache Foundation Apache License apr, Tomcat, ant, hadoop versiunea actuală: GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 12/42

13 Pachete Debian apache2-utils, apache2.2-bin, apache2.2-common apache2-doc apache2-mpm-... (Multi-Processing Module)... prefork non-threaded, pre-fork (pre-creare procese daemon), stabil, compatibil... event event-based, experimental... worker thread-based, rapid, smaller memory footprint GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 13/42

14 Fișiere de configurare /etc/apache2/ pe Debian apache2.conf main configuration file include fișierele/directoarele de mai jos httpd.conf compatibilitate Apache1.x ports.conf conf.d/ generic snippets of statements GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 14/42

15 Fișiere de configurare (2) mods-available/, mods-enabled/ configurare module sites-available/, sites-enabled/ configurare site-uri (virtual hosts) envvars variabile de mediu specifice APACHE RUN USER, APACHE RUN GROUP, APACHE PID FILE implicit, serverul rulează cu drepturile www-data:www-data GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 15/42

16 Interacțiune Apache fișiere de configurare executabilul asociat este apache2 pentru interacțiune cu serverul apache2ctl start stop restart status configtest /etc/init.d/apache2 start stop restart status jurnalizare /var/log/apache2/acces.log /var/log/apache2/error.log a2enmod, a2dissmod activare/dezactivare module a2ensite, a2dissite activare/dezactivare site-uri (virtual hosts) GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 16/42

17 Outline World Wide Web Apache Web Server Configurare Apache Module Apache Virtual Hosting Securitate în Apache Încheiere Întrebări GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 17/42

18 Sintaxă Apache NumeDirectivă Valoare DocumentRoot ServerName ErrorLog Redirect <Directivă... >... </Directivă> <IfModule... >... </IfModule> <Directory... >... </Directory> <VirtualHost... >... </VirtualHost> GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 18/42

19 Configurare de bază /etc/apache2/apache2.conf <IfModule mpm... > AccessFileName.htacesss ErrorLog CustomLog în fișierele de site-uri (virtual hosts) Include /etc/apache2/ports.conf NameVirtualHost Listen /etc/apache2/conf.d/security ServerTokens GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 19/42

20 Configurare module apt-get install libapache2-mod-... /etc/apache2/mods-available/ disponibile /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/ active *.conf configurare *.load module efective a2enmod, a2dismod GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 20/42

21 Configurare module (2) mod dir DirectoryIndex mod userdir UserDir public html UserDir disabled root mod autoindex IndexOptions GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 21/42

22 Configurări de bază la nivel de site site = virtual host ServerName anaconda.cs.pub.ro ServerAdmin webmaster@anaconda.cs.pub.ro DocumentRoom /var/www CustomLog, ErrorLog <Directory... >... </Directory> GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 22/42

23 Secțiuni de configurare <Directory>... </Directory> <Location>... </Location> <Files>... </Files> Options (nu în <Files>) ExecCGI, Indexes, FollowSymLinks etc. AllowOverride (doar pentru Directory) (.htaccess) Order, Allow from, Deny from (Access control) GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 23/42

24 Outline World Wide Web Apache Web Server Configurare Apache Module Apache Virtual Hosting Securitate în Apache Încheiere Întrebări GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 24/42

25 mod alias Alias /doc /usr/share/doc Alias /redmine /usr/local/lib/redmine Alias /git /var/cache/git AliasMatch ^/rl( (/.*))$ /home/rl/www$1 Redirect /test RedirectMatch ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/ ScriptAliasMatch GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 25/42

26 mod rewrite Despite the tons of examples and docs, mod rewrite is voodoo. Damned cool voodoo, but still voodoo. (Brian Moore) RewriteEngine On RewriteBase /site/ RewriteRule ^foo\.html$ bar.html RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^rosedu.org$ RewriteRule (.*) [R=permanent,L] GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 26/42

27 CGI ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/ Options ExecCGI AddHandler cgi-script.cgi SetHandler cgi-script mod cgid ScriptSock /var/run/cgid.sock Unix MPMs only mod fcgid GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 27/42

28 Module pentru autentificare, autorizare auth basic, auth digest, auth pam, auth sasl, auth pgsql authn file, authnz ldap authz host, authz group GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 28/42

29 Outline World Wide Web Apache Web Server Configurare Apache Module Apache Virtual Hosting Securitate în Apache Încheiere Întrebări GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 29/42

30 Configurare Virtual Hosting /etc/apache2/sites-available/ /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/ name based virtual hosting IP based virtual hosting NameVirtualHost *:80 <VirtualHost *:80>... </VirtualHost> GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 30/42

31 Virtual Hosting fișierele se creează în /etc/apache2/sites-available/ se recomandă să aibă numele de host ServerName ServerAdmin DocumentRoot a2ensite, a2dissite se creează legături simbolice în /etc/apache2/sites-enabled GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 31/42

32 Outline World Wide Web Apache Web Server Configurare Apache Module Apache Virtual Hosting Securitate în Apache Încheiere Întrebări GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 32/42

33 Suport SSL <IfModule mod ssl.c> SSLEngine On SSLCertificateFile SSLCertificateKeyFile Client Certificate Authentication SSLCACertificatePath SSLCACertificateFile GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 33/42

34 Controlul accesului pe baza hostname-ului mod access <Directory>, <Files>, <Location>.htaccess Allow, Deny, Order three-pass access control system Order Allow, Deny parse Allow rules parse Deny rules process requests that don t match GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 34/42

35 Authorization, Authentication, Access Control authentication type (auth basic, auth digest) (AuthType) authentication provider (authn alias, authn dbd, authn file, authnz ldap) (AuthAuthUserFile, AuthLDAPUrl) authorization (authnz ldap, authz groupfile) (Require) GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 35/42

36 Exemplu auth* AuthType Basic AuthName "Restricted Files" # (Following line optional) AuthBasicProvider file AuthUserFile /usr/local/apache/passwd/passwords Require user rbowen GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 36/42

37 Exemplu auth* LDAP AuthType Basic AuthName "LDAP Authentication" AuthBasicProvider ldap AuthzLDAPAuthoritative on AuthLDAPURL "ldaps://swarm.cs.pub.ro:636/... Require valid-user GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 37/42

38 WebDAV Distributed Authoring and Versioning a2enmod dav_fs, a2enmod dav write pentru www-data complementar cu autentificare (duh) DAV on utilitarul cadaver pentru test GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 38/42

39 Outline World Wide Web Apache Web Server Configurare Apache Module Apache Virtual Hosting Securitate în Apache Încheiere Întrebări GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 39/42

40 Cuvinte cheie WWW/Web W3C URL HTML HTTP, HTTPS server web browser Apache /etc/apache2/ apache2ctl module Apache a2enmod, a2dismod ServerName, DocumentRoot Alias, Redirect, ScriptAlias Directory, Location, Files mod rewrite CGI, FCGI virtual hosting a2ensite, a2dissite mod ssl access control.htaccess auth* GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 40/42

41 Resurse utile GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 41/42

42 Outline World Wide Web Apache Web Server Configurare Apache Module Apache Virtual Hosting Securitate în Apache Încheiere Întrebări GSR Curs 11, Servicii Web 42/42

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