Design and Development of Network Based System for Controlling and Monitoring Home Appliances

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1 Design and Development of Network Based System for Controlling and Monitoring Home Appliances Prof P.S.Revankar Head of Computer Department M.E. Student of Computer Engg. Government College of Engineering Aurnagabad, Maharashtra State, India. MS. R.P.DAHAKE Student of M.E. Computer GovernmentCollege of Engineering, Aurnagabad,MaharashtraState, India. ABSTRCT This paper presents a cost effective & user friendly approach to control and monitor home appliances such as light, fan, heater, motor over the computer network. The appliance are connected to the server machine and can be controlled by user web brawser on a desktop PC, Laptop computer or PDA. The design is based on a stand alone embedded system board connected to a PC based server at home. The home appliances can be monitored and controlled through the controller board. The serial port used to transfer data from server computer to particular device to be controlled. As we know Java developed for network application, Here in the proposed system Java programming technique used as software interface of the system & Access is used as back end of the system to store the obtained data from the sensors. The monitoring and control software is based on the combination of core Java, servlet & Assembly Language is used. We have developed a system, by which it is possible to properly control three devices (relays) motors ( stepper & DC Motor ) as well as provision for controlling & monitoring at temperature, humidity and water level detector etc. The designed system controls the most important required factors in home automation system Such as flexibility easy to use, ability to feedback information to the client immediately KEYWORDS: Controller board, Servlet, Home Automation, Architecture. INTRODUCTION The advances in communication networks and new technological development like Java improves the quality of services and the objective of this new technology is to make life easier for human. The advancement of Network technology tools developed in 1990s made it possible to access various places like home office any field work area,an education institute laboratory at distance. The Network technology tools allowed development of the idea of an Online control of various electrical appliances as well as mechanical motors at farm or in Laboratory. Home automation provides a more convenient & elegant atmosphere for the family to compliment and match the lifestyle. Every one in the family experiences the comfort of automation with added convenience through integrated control of scheduled common lifestyle activities performed everyday. An automated home can provide security, temperature, lighting, and audio control for comfort, convenience, and safety. It creates reliable and coordinated controls to operate home devices automatically for simplifying operations Al-Ali, A.R. Al-Rousan, M. [1] focused on the design and implementation of a Java-based automation system that can monitor and control home appliances via the World Wide Web. The design is based on a stand alone embedded system board integrated into a PC-based server at home. The home appliances are connected to the input/output ports of the embedded system board and their status are passed to the server. The home appliances can be monitored and controlled locally via the embedded system board, or remotely through a Web browser from anywhere in the world provided that an Internet access is available. An off the self ready- made E-board based on 8 bit microcontroller is used. Hence the use of ready made hardware makes the system more expensive 1

2 Grisha Spasov, Nikolay Kakanakov[7] have proposed Common Gateway Interface based application for distributed embedded system for monitoring temperature and humidity but CGI Applications are platform dependent. As we know computer network and embedded system has proved their applicability in every field, Internet connects million of computers to control home appliance in different manners. We proposed a new technical approach to connect the high power electrical appliance to the internet for controlling them. Using this system the user will be able to conduct various namely selecting a devices to be turned on or off. Hence we present hardware software platform developed for remote monitoring and control appliances at home are connected to a controller board. The control program in native language of controller i.e. Assembly language operate the appliances and communicate with Java based code which is on the server at home. The controller board resides at home connected to server and carries out the task of controlling and monitoring home appliances. The client can make various home appliances On/Off using user friendly graphical user interface provided on client. The client application is developed using HTML & Java programming. As we know Java is portable & can run on any platform when the user can interact with home appliances at that time security is imposed such as user name and password. This system scalable & flexible additional. Home appliances can be added into the system with little modification. Due to high cost & complexity to operate home automation technology not yet as widely adopted in most part of the world. The main parameter by which the home automation system can be estimated are scalability, security, usability simplicity & ability to feedback information to the client. 89C52 - A microcontroller is a computer on a chip used to control electronic devices. It is integrated circuit which includes controlling unit as well as limited amount of RAM, ROM & Input/Output line & some other required features like timer, interrupt, controller serial port feature. We have used 89C52 ATMEL microcontroller which is a low power, high performance CMOS 8 bit microcontroller with 8Kbyte of flash programmable and erasable Read only memory for our experimental purpose. Figure [2] presents the design model of Controller board for our proposed system. For transmitted and receiving instruction hence serial communication is used. Which is popular means of transmitting data between a computer and peripheral devices. It transfer one bit at a time over a single common line to a receiver. As it can be used when data transfer rate are law or to transfer data over long distance. In this serial communication following four parameter baud rate of transmission, Number of data bits encoding a character, parity bit and number of stop bits each transmitted [ character is packed in a character frame& consists of a single start bit followed by the data bits the parity bit & stop bit.] Using serial communication the data from the Java program is transmitted to the microcontroller which further sends data to remotes system i.e. client. We used RS 232 which is a standard devices developed by electronics Industry Association.The PC is having two R-S 232 ports designated as com1 & com2, here we have used com1. The data transfer is taken place in both directions. A microcontroller system we have used voltage converter such as MAX 232 to convert TTL logic to the RS. 232 voltages levels & vice versa. This paper first describes the Hardware implementation in section II and section III describes software development part and finally section IV is about Experimental Results and section V describes the conclusion. II HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION The core of the home automation system consists of two hardware components. One is home server and another is controller board. The server is at home having Java Servlet that enables the user to access the home appliance from client machine. In this section we present the design of the controller board that is used to connect high power load to the computer. The controller board is connected to the home server by using serial port. Assembly language program which control the home appliance those are connected to the controller board through relays. The hardware architecture system figure [1] present components like temperature, humidity sensors, water level detector sensors interfaced through Analog and digital converter to microcontroller 89C52 Figure 1. Hardware Architecture of system The controller board communicate with home appliances those connected with the help of Input/output ports which are port 0, port 1, port 2, port 3. We have used ADC0809 data acquisition component with 8 bit analog to digital converter 8 channel multiplexer & microprocessor compatible control logic. In our system variable senses temperature, humidity as well as water 2

3 level detector analog value to ADC & it performance the analog to digital conversion. A particular input channel is selected by using address decoder table[1] Table 1. Analog Channel Description ANALOG CHANNE L ADDRESS UNITS C B A IN IN IN IN IN IN IN DC motor when interfaced with a micro controller its direction of rotation is controlled. There are four switching elements named as "High side left", "High side right", "Low side right", "Low side left". When these switches are turned on in pairs motor changes its direction accordingly. Like, if we switch on High side left and Low side right then motor rotate in forward direction, as current flows from Power supply through the motor coil goes to ground via switch low side right. Similarly, when switch on low side left and high side right, the current flows in opposite direction and motor rotates in backward direction. This is the basic working of H-Bridge. A truth table according to the switching of H-Bridge is given below in table 2. Table 2. Truth table of motor operation High High Low Low Description left right left right ON OFF OFF ON Motor runs clockwise OFF ON ON OFF Motor runs anticlockwise ON ON OFF OFF Motor stop OFF OFF ON ON Motor stop Air temperature is measure of amount of heat present in atmosphere. It is measure in degree Celsius or Fahrenheit. Temperature is different at different attitudes In our system we have used LM 35A IC for temperature measurement. LM 35A is precision type IC temperature sensor whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius temperature. The LM 35A thus has an advantage over linear temperature sensors For Water Level Measurement, the CD 4050 hex buffers are monolithic (CMOS) integrated circuits constructed with N-and P-channel enhancement mode transistors. This device feature logic level conversion using only one supply voltage. The input signal high level can exceed the supply voltage when these devices are used for logic level conversions. 6 water levels of a corresponding tank can be sensed and measured. Humidity is a moisture content of air. It keeps on changing with variations in weather condition, for various applications it becomes necessary to keep humidity level under control. We have used resistance type Humidity Sensor Module SyHW-2.This sensors resistance varies exponentially with variation of Relative Humidity.ADC 0809 converts above analog values of temperature, humidity water into digital and then measured by microcontroller program provided in memory. III SOFTWATE IMPLEMENTATION The graphical interface of the developed software is smart enough to guide a person to extract all function cities without any prior experience. There are two main control software program, one that runs on home ever and other that runs on controller board as shown in figure [3] The control program for board resides on controller s flash memory & written in Assembly language. Second program is based on Java component Servlet is used for server side programming i.e. interaction code is written in servlet to operate with the client s request main advantages of servlet that is is written in Java & it is Platform Independent. As we know Servlets are server side components that provides a powerful mechanism for developing server web applications for server side. Earlier CGI was developed to provide server side capabilities to the web applications. Although CGI played a major role in the explosion of the Internet., its performance, scalability and reusability issues make it less than optimal solutions. Java Servlets changes all that. Built from ground up using Sun's write once run anywhere technology Java Servlets provide excellent framework for server side processing. Figure 3: Control and Management of Home Appliances Figure 2: Controller Board Prototype 3

4 We have used Java as front end of the system as it has many advantageous features like Java can be used to create two types of programs applications & applets. An applet is an application designed to be transmitted over the Internet & executed by Java computable web server. The key that Java to solve both the security and the portability problems just described is that output of a Java compiler is not executable code rather it is byte code. Byte code is a highly optimized set of instructions designed to be executed by the Java runtime system. Which is called the Java virtual machine thus this web application in java provide high security. The client program could be accessed by any World Wide Web browser. The client sends a HTTP request to the web server and the web server sends the replay to it after communication with controller board. As shown in figure[4] Database plays main role in communication between web server and controller board When user communicate with appliances for eg. The client my click on device 1 off. This request will be handled by Servlet then it is passed to controller board, transferring actual control signal through serial port controller board is responsible for turning device 1 OFF or ON as per client request. Serial port receive different commands for ON/OFF request as shown in figure [7]. Port is closed after all data have been taken place at server side. When the controller program in assembly reads command for serial port during remote access. It first value date the command to make sure it is a valid command. If the command matches the predefined set of possible commands assigned for the home appliances control then it performs the task said by the home server. Initially inside the program each device is being initiated as off. Class Sentcommand takes responsibility for handling over request towards controller Board, all the communication goes though backend database. When the user ask for temperature value or humidity value then these values are provided from user interface and two levels of water tank are implemented for indication with buzzer. For Example If tank is at maximum level then it is informed to user through buzzer on. For each device used separate function is used to control it ON\OFF control for Example DCREW( ),DCFW( ) etc. Figure 4 : Basic communication Model of system Program flow: First of all As shown in figure [5]WELCOME Window will display on browser after pressing OK button LOGIN page can be displayed. Here a user should type user name and password for authentication as shown in figure [ 6 ]. The authentication is checked by comparing the user name and password with the user table of database. If the user name and password matches then the user is valid & allowed to control his/her home appliances, login page provides two parameter to MAIN page which provide appliance control and monitor. When client sends request to server executes program on it and sends instruction to controller board for appliance control. After getting response from controller board server sends result to the client. Assembly Language is used to write relays, stepper motor, DC motor & other sensor program to activate them through serial port. And thus obtained data from sensors is reached to the computer through serial port and thus obtained data from sensors is reached to the computer through serial port. trapped by the Java code MS COMM CONTROL in Visual Basic used for the purpose of serial port communications When user request to server, Server talks to controller by opening serial port. 4

5 IV EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS The system considered in the present paper introduces the following features: 1. Visual Menu of home appliances the user see all appliances he/she want to control through application software. 2. The system allows the user to control (On or off) of home appliances and can be expanded with site change or without adding any component (depending on the micro controller programming). 3. Outside home Program indoor and outdoor lights to turn On and Off according to need when user is not at home 4. Controlling a high voltage device like motors. 5. knowing the devices present state of water tank at home any time with a single click in software. 6. The system will communicate with user, and gives information about temperature humidity in the room for A.C. control V CONCLUSION Figure 7: Main window Now the proposed system has sensors, relays and motor both stepper and DC. A prototype was designed & implemented. The home appliances are connected controller board for On/Off purpose. The Home Appliances are controlled by microcontroller which operates according to the command received from the remote PC connected to internet. It is noted that the purposed system is not restricted to home automation. It can be applied directly to remote control of many industrial as well as in agricultural appliances too. Figure 5: Welcome window The system is scalable & new devices can be added with small change in control program. The client/server program written in Java Servlet made s accessible through Internet by using a universal browser. However due to the unexpected traffic in the internet, delay of the communication between the server and the end user may happen. This causes delays on executing commands & programs transmitting. In future development this system can be controlling home appliances using SMS via mobile. Figure 6: Login window REFERENCES [1] A. R. Al-Ali and M. AL-Rousan, Java-based home automation system, IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron. vol. 50, no. 2, pp ,May [2] Ximin ZHANG,Jinding SUN and Lihua ZHOU Development of an Internet Home Automation System using java & Dynamic DNS Services, IEEE Computer Society, Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies 2005, pages [3] Ravindra Thamma,Dr.Luke H.Huang,Dr.Shi-Jer Lou and Dr. C.Ray Diez Controlling Robot through Internet using Java,Journal of industrial technology,volume 20 Number 3- June 2004 through August [4] Dr. M. Jagannath Rao, Dr. P. Premchand, Mr. G.V. Venkateswara Rao, Dr. D. V. Veereswamy O. Anil kumar 5

6 Yadav Design and Development of a Networks Based and Web Based System for Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emission Monitoring IJCSNS International/ Journal of computer science and Network security, Vol. No. 9 September [5] N Montoyo, L. Giraldo, D. Aristiza bal, Montoyo. Remote Monitoring and control system of physical variables of a greenhall through a 1-wire network.t- sobh and k Ellesthy (eds) in system, computing science and software enginnering c) 2006 springer. [6] S.M. Annaual Hague, Md Zia Uddin Siddique Ahmed A cost effective web server Based Home Appliances Control System. Daffodil International University Journal of science and Technology, Volume1, ussue 1, Julay 2006 [7] Grisha Spasov, Nikolay Kakanakov CGI-based application for distributed embedded system for monitoring temperature and humidity International conference on computer system & Technology compsystech [8] MCS 51 Microcontroller Family User's Manual from (page 1-50). [9] [10] 6