Elementary Computing CSC M. Cheng, Computer Science 1
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1 Elementary Computing CSC M. Cheng, Computer Science 1
2 File & Operating Systems Every computer has an Operating System (OS). An OS is a piece of software that manages the resources on every computer. User Interfaces and File Systems are two of the most visible components of an OS. A File System (FS) helps us managing our data on storage M. Cheng, Computer Science 2
3 Outcomes An OS is an essential piece of software for any computer. A File System gives us a structured and hierarchical view of our data files. A File System has additional security features to prevent unauthorized accesses. Multitasking enables us to run many applications at once M. Cheng, Computer Science 3
4 Study Guide What is an Operating System (OS)? What typical tasks an OS automate? What does an OS do exactly? What is a command line interface or GUI? What are the examples of an modern OS? What is the layered structure of a computer? What are the most important components of an OS? M. Cheng, Computer Science 4
5 Study Guide What are primary and secondary storage? What does formatting a hard disk mean? What are the common File Systems? What is a File System? What are files and folders, and pathname? What are file and folder permissions? What is multitasking? M. Cheng, Computer Science 5
6 What is an Operating System? M. Cheng, Computer Science 6
7 Historically, computers are too complicated for an average user to operate M. Cheng, Computer Science 7
8 Inside a Desktop Computer M. Cheng, Computer Science 8
9 Typical tasks an OS do Control the graphic display Connect to the network Send documents to a printer Back up our data onto a hard disk Control your keyboard / mouse Share data among computers Start up / shut down a computer M. Cheng, Computer Science 9
10 An OS takes care of An OS automates many of the hardware specific operations. It knows how to set up the wireless network. It knows how to communicate with a printer. It knows how to store and retrieve data on your hard drives. It knows how to display graphics and fonts on different computer monitors M. Cheng, Computer Science 10
11 With an OS, you just click an icon or a command menu item M. Cheng, Computer Science 11
12 Early Personal Operating Systems M. Cheng, Computer Science 12
13 Personal Computing in 80 s M. Cheng, Computer Science 13
14 First IBM-PC M. Cheng, Computer Science 14
15 Microsoft DOS M. Cheng, Computer Science 15
16 Apple Macintosh OS M. Cheng, Computer Science 16
17 Modern Operating Systems M. Cheng, Computer Science 17
18 Examples of Modern OS Microsoft Windows (95, 98, XP, Vista, 7, 8) Apple Macintosh Disk Operating Systems (version 1, 2,, 7, 8, 9). Apple OS X (Pather, Tiger, Leopard, Snow Leopard, Lion, Mountain Lion, Maverick) Linux and Android Apple ios (1,2,3,4,5,6,7) M. Cheng, Computer Science 18
19 Windows XP M. Cheng, Computer Science 19
20 Windows M. Cheng, Computer Science 20
21 Windows M. Cheng, Computer Science 21
22 Apple OS X Tiger (10.4) M. Cheng, Computer Science 22
23 Apple OS X Snow Leopard (10.6) M. Cheng, Computer Science 23
24 Linux OS M. Cheng, Computer Science 24
25 Android OS M. Cheng, Computer Science 25
26 Apple ios M. Cheng, Computer Science 26
27 Today, most Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) look very similar to each other M. Cheng, Computer Science 27
28 Windows Command Line Interface M. Cheng, Computer Science 28
29 OS X Command Line Interface M. Cheng, Computer Science 29
30 What is inside an OS? M. Cheng, Computer Science 30
31 Layers in a Computer System Hardware Operating System & File System GUI & Applications M. Cheng, Computer Science 31
32 An OS is responsible for presenting an easy-to-use user interface ( look & feel ) keeping track of all user data managing all hardware, e.g., sound, printers, networks, hard disks, display, mouse, keyboard, etc. executing applications starting up or shutting down a computer M. Cheng, Computer Science 32
33 Every OS has its own set of operational features M. Cheng, Computer Science 33
34 An OS is a very complex piece of software M. Cheng, Computer Science 34
35 A modern OS may take 1000 programmers over 10 years to design and build M. Cheng, Computer Science 35
36 Most Important Parts of an OS 1. User Interfaces 2. Application Management 3. File Systems 4. Networking M. Cheng, Computer Science 36
37 Which of the following is different from the rest? a. Windows 7 b. Windows XP c. Linux d. Mac OS X e. Adobe Photoshop M. Cheng, Computer Science 37
38 Which is not a function of an OS? a. printing b. networking c. gaming d. managing user data e. connecting to mouse/keyboard M. Cheng, Computer Science 38
39 What is a File System? M. Cheng, Computer Science 39
40 A File System is an organizer of our secondary storage M. Cheng, Computer Science 40
41 Every computer has primary storage called Random Access Memory (or RAM) M. Cheng, Computer Science 41
42 RAM Modules (for Personal Computer) M. Cheng, Computer Science 42
43 RAM Modules (for Personal Computer) (for laptop) M. Cheng, Computer Science 43
44 Today, the size of RAM typically ranges from 1GB to 8GB. RAM costs about $10 per GB M. Cheng, Computer Science 44
45 We need RAM to run applications, the more the better M. Cheng, Computer Science 45
46 When a computer shuts down, the content of RAM disappears M. Cheng, Computer Science 46
47 RAM needs electrical power to keep its content M. Cheng, Computer Science 47
48 RAM is relatively expensive; most computers have limited amount M. Cheng, Computer Science 48
49 In order to store massive amount of data, we need secondary storage M. Cheng, Computer Science 49
50 Secondary Storage: a Hard Drive M. Cheng, Computer Science 50
51 A hard disk ranges from 500GB to 2TB, and costs $0.1 per GB M. Cheng, Computer Science 51
52 Windows Hard Drives M. Cheng, Computer Science 52
53 OS X Hard Drives M. Cheng, Computer Science 53
54 Data stored on a hard drive is permanent; they don t disappear without electrical power M. Cheng, Computer Science 54
55 RAM is about 100X more expensive than a hard drive; but, it is 1 million times faster! M. Cheng, Computer Science 55
56 A 500GB HD can store 100,000 JPEG images, 150,000 MP3 songs, or 500 hours of digital videos M. Cheng, Computer Science 56
57 A File System helps us organize our data files, e.g., documents, music, videos, pictures, applications, etc M. Cheng, Computer Science 57
58 Common File Systems Every computer comes with an OS and a hard drive preinstalled. On Windows, the default file system is called NTFS (New Technology File System) or FAT. On OS X, the default file system is called HFS+ (Hierarchical File System Plus), or Mac OS Extended M. Cheng, Computer Science 58
59 Formatting a new Hard Drive A new hard drive must be formatted before it can be used. Formatting a hard drive means setting up a new File System by erasing all its data. Today, most new hard drives will be preformatted with either Windows or Apple OS X File Systems M. Cheng, Computer Science 59
60 Formatting in Windows right click on a drive M. Cheng, Computer Science 60
61 Formatting in OS X OS M. Cheng, X Disk Computer Utility Science 61
62 Which is not a File System? a. FAT b. NTFS c. HFS+ d. FAT32 e. OS X M. Cheng, Computer Science 62
63 A File System contains Files and Folders (or Directories) M. Cheng, Computer Science 63
64 Files & Folders in Windows Folders Files M. Cheng, Computer Science 64
65 Each file/folder has access permissions, i.e., who owns it, and who is allowed to read, write, execute, or modify M. Cheng, Computer Science 65
66 Permissions in Windows A Folder A File M. Cheng, Computer Science 66
67 Files & Folders in OS X M. Cheng, Computer Science 67
68 Permissions in OS X A Folder A File M. Cheng, Computer Science 68
69 Window Pathnames Each file/folder has a unique pathname, which is the path from the top to itself. For example, the pathname C:\Users\Mantis\Desktop\Computer Fundamentals is a path for the folder Computer Fundamentals starting from the top C:\ M. Cheng, Computer Science 69
70 Windows Pathnames C:\Users\Mantis\Desktop\Computer Fundamentals M. Cheng, Computer Science 70
71 OS X Pathnames Each file/folder has a unique pathname, which is the path from the top to itself. For example, the pathname Macintosh HD/Users/mcheng/My Work/Teaching/100/spring.2013 is a path for the folder spring.2013 starting from the top Macintosh HD M. Cheng, Computer Science 71
72 OS X Pathnames Macintosh HD/Users/mcheng/My Work/Teaching/100/spring M. Cheng, Computer Science 72
73 Multitasking M. Cheng, Computer Science 73
74 A modern OS can run several applications at once M. Cheng, Computer Science 74
75 Time Multiplexing M. Cheng, Computer Science 75
76 Multitasking uses timemultiplexing to run multiple applications at the same time M. Cheng, Computer Science 76
77 Windows Task Manager M. Cheng, Computer Science 77
78 OS X Activity Monitor M. Cheng, Computer Science 78
79 The End M. Cheng, Computer Science 79
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