3. Map Overlay and Digitizing

Transcription

1 3. Map Overlay and Digitizing 3.1 Opening Map Files NavviewW/SprayView supports digital map files in ShapeFile format from ArcView, DXF format from AutoCAD, MRK format from AG-NAV, Bitmap and JPEG formats from Windows. For positional data conversion, NavviewW/SprayView needs to know the Earth datum (ellipsoid) and datum shifts (DX, DY, DZ) of data in the selected map file. For Word Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84) or North American Datum 1983 (NAD83), the datum shifts should be zero. For a local datum, for example NAD27 or CLARKE 1866, the datum shifts must be known. NavviewW/SprayView reads this information from an area (*.no1), a project (*.prj), or the template file ENTRY.NEW. Therefore, before opening a map file, you should open an area/project file first. When overlaying an area with spray data on a map, it is very important to have all geographic (Lat/Long) and UTM coordinate data corresponding to the same Earth datum or Ellipsoid. If the map in a map file corresponds to a different datum, it is needed to apply local shifts to bring the area and data to the right place on the map. To open a map for map overlay or digitizing, do the following: 1) To open an area/project, click Open Area/Project. 2) From the "Open Area (*.no1), Project (*.prj), or Entry.New File" dialog, select an area or project file associate with the map for map overlay, or ENTRY.NEW to create a new area file. If an area or a project was selected, the "Select Flight Data Files" dialog is shown. If you want to overlay data on the map, select the data files. If not, click Cancel to close this dialog. 3) Click Open Map. 4) Select the desired map file from the list of files displayed in the "Open Map File" dialog. Always check for the right file extension *.DXF, *.SHP, *.MRK, *.JPG or *.BMP. If the map file is in another directory, select that directory in the "Look in:" box then select the map file. 5) For a bitmap *.bmp or jpeg *.jpg file (raster image), a registering or georeference file *.pbm is required. If a pbm file with the same name as the map file is found, it will be selected. If not found, after selecting the map file, the "Open registering file for map file " dialog is presented. If you have a registering file *.pbm associate with the map, select it. If not, click Cancel to continue. AG-NAV Inc. 1 Map Digitizing

2 As an example, a map in Shape file format is shown. A map can have one or many spray polygons. Notes: Figure 1: Map Display a) If an area/project is used, the display will center on the area/project and the screen scale will be calculated based on the size of the area/project. If the map is not seen on screen, it is possibly out of the screen. You can zoom out the display to see it. b) If ENTRY.NEW is used, the display will center on the map and the scale will be calculated based on the size of the map. AG-NAV Inc. 2 Map Digitizing

3 3.2 Overlaying Data on Map To overlay an area/project and spray data on a map, do the following: a) Open map: Refer to section 3.1 Opening Map Files for details. b) Click Go to start the data replay. Figure 2: Overlaying Flight Data on Map AG-NAV Inc. 3 Map Digitizing

4 3.3 Map Digitizing Controls To start digitizing, click Digitizing. The display on the left panel changes to show the control buttons and information in digitizing mode. From the top to bottom of the left panel, the digitizing controls are: 1) Map Display: Consists of four buttons on the first row. These buttons control how a map being displayed on screen. Only one button is active at a time, others are automatically set inactive. Note that a button is active when it is in the down position, inactive when in the up position. From left to right, they are: a) The first button: If active, no map is displayed. This is useful when you want to see the selected polygon on screen only. b) The second button: If active, map is displayed with boundary lines. This is default. c) The third button: If active, map is displayed with boundary lines and a small square at each vertex. d) The fourth button: If active, map is displayed with boundary lines, a small square at each vertex and a vertex number. 2) DigArea button: The right most button on the first row. By default, this button is inactive. If active, the digitized spray area, digitized exclusion zones, digitized displayed polygons, and digitized waypoints are not displayed. When this button is inactive (being in up position) and an area or project is currently used, double clicking this button will turn off the display of the selected spray area/project and its exclusion zones, displayed polygons, and waypoints. This is particularly used when a new area is digitised from the current map. Double clicking this button again will turn on the display of the selected area/project, its exclusion zones, displayed polygons and waypoints. Note that the double click only works when the DigArea button is up or inactive. 3) Area Names button: Controls the display of the names of all areas or polygons in the selected map file. When active, polygon names are shown on screen. By default, each polygon in the map file is given a name "Area nn", where nn is the order number of the polygon in the map file. For example, if the map file has 10 polygons, the first polygon will be named "Area1" and the last polygon named "Area10". Note that the polygon names or ID may be described in the DXF file or DBF file for Shapefile format, but they are not used in NavviewW/SprayView. NavviewW/SprayView just reads the spatial data from a DXF or SHP file. AG-NAV Inc. 4 Map Digitizing

5 4) Ed/Save Names button: This button is normally disabled. It is enabled when the Area Names button is active. If you want to change the polygon names or change the positions of the labels, click this button to open the Area Names panel. This panel displays the area numbers, area names, horizontal display shift, and vertical display shifts; one line for each polygon. For example "1 Area1 0 0" for the first area in the map. Notes: To change the information, a) Click on the panel to get the edit cursor (a blinking bar). b) Move the edit cursor to the line that shows the area name of the desired polygon. c) Delete the current name and type in the new name for this polygon. Note that the first number on each line is the polygon number. This is for reference only, do not change it. d) The two numbers on the right of area name are horizontal shift and vertical shift for the display of the area name. By default, the shifts are 0 horizontal and 0 vertical, and the area name is displayed about the center of the polygon. If you want to change the position of an area name, change the first number of display shifts to shift the area name left/right. A positive value shifts the name right, a negative value shifts the name left. Change the second number to shift the area name up/down. A positive value shifts the name down, a negative value shifts the name up. The values in the display shifts indicate the number of pixels the area name should be shifted left/right, up/down relative to the default position. e) Move the edit cursor to another line to edit the name display for another polygon. Repeat steps c) and d). f) When all area names are done, click Ed/Save Names button to save the changes in file and update the area names on screen. i) Up to 12 letters can be entered for an area name. The width of each letter is approximately 5 pixels. ii) iii) Use space as a separator. There must be at least one space between the area number, area name, horizontal shift and vertical shift. The name and shifts for each polygon must be on the same line. So do not press <Enter> or <tab> when you finish an entry. 5) Local Shifts: Consists of two boxes showing the shifts used to match the map with the spray area and data. The shifts are necessary when the coordinates in the map file are in one datum and the coordinates of the area and spray data are in a different datum. When you see the spray area and data not match with the map on screen, measure the horizontal and vertical offsets by using the Distance measuring function. Once you have the offset values, you can enter them for local shifts. a) E shift box: This box shows the East local shift value or X offset in meters, no feet or miles. This is used to shift the map horizontally or East/West. To change this shift, click on the E box to get the edit cursor. Delete the current AG-NAV Inc. 5 Map Digitizing

6 value and type in a new one. Note that only an integer number is accepted. For example "125", not "125.0" or "125.5". Press <Enter> to apply this value. The X offset will be added to the X coordinate of each vertex of the map, so enter a negative value to move the map to the West, a positive value to move the map to the East. b) N shift box: This box shows the North local shift value or Y offset in meters, no feet or miles. This is used to shift the map vertically or North/South. To change this shift, click on the N box to get the edit cursor. Delete the current value and type in a new one. Note that only an integer number is accepted. For example "75", not "75.0" or "75.5". Press <Enter> to apply this value. The Y offset will be added to the Y coordinate of each vertex of the map, so enter a negative value to move the map to the South, a positive value to move the map to the North. 6) Corners: Consists of four digitizing control buttons: Copy corners, Add corners, Delete corners and End. They are described below: a) Copy button This button is used to copy all corners of a map polygon to a spray area. This button is normally disabled. To enable it, point the cursor to any corner of the desired map polygon, then click the right mouse button. The label Copy should be shown in red, the Add and End buttons are now disabled. Click Copy to copy all corners of the map polygon to the spray area. Note that all previous corners of the spray area are deleted and the spray area is formed with all corners copied from the map polygon. The new spray area should be displayed in red. Since NavviewW/SprayView accepts maximum 500 corners for each spray area, if the number of corners of the map polygon is greater than 500, NavviewW/SprayView will filter all unnecessary points. If after the filter the number of corners remains greater than 500, only the first 500 corners are used to make a new spray area. Note that unnecessary points are points between the end points of a straight line or wide curve, and points closer than 5 meters from each other. If too many points have to be deleted, the shape of the area may be distorted at sharp curves. b) Add button: This button is used to add corners to the current digitized area. The digitized area can be a spray area, exclusion zone or displayed polygon. Click this button when you want to add more corners to the digitized area. The cursor changes to a circle with cross hair. To add a new corner to a digitized area: i) Move the mouse to a desired position on screen, the cross hair on top of the desired point. ii) iii) Click the left mouse button. The new corner number should be displayed on the screen, the shape of the digitized area changes to include the new corner. Normally the new corner is the last corner of the digitized area. If you want to add a new corner between the existing corners, do the following: * Click the number after which the new corner will be added in the corner box (described below). * Put the cursor on top of the desired point on screen. AG-NAV Inc. 6 Map Digitizing

7 * Click the left mouse button. For example, if a new corner must be added between corners 3 and 4, you should click number 3 in the corner box, move the cursor to the desired point then click the mouse.. The rest of the corners (after corner 4 as in this example) are automatically renumbered. The last corner of the digitized area is always highlighted after a corner is added to the digitized area. So if another corner needs to be added between existing points, repeat the above sequence. Note that when the number of corners exceeds the limit (500 for a spray area, 30 for an exclusion zone, 500 for a displayed polygon), no more corners will be accepted. c) Del button: This button is used to delete a corner of the digitized area. To delete a corner, click the corner number to be deleted in the corner box, then clicks the Del button. Once a corner is deleted, the shape of the digitized area changes, the existing corners are renumbered automatically. Tip: To delete a whole bunch of consecutive corners, click the smallest number to be deleted in the corner box, then click Del until all unwanted corners are deleted. For example, assuming that the digitized area currently has 10 corners and you want to delete corners 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8. You should click number 4 in the corner box, then click the Del button 5 times. Note that in all cases, the corner whose number is highlighted in the corner number box is deleted when the Del button is clicked. d) End button: This button is used to complete a digitized area. When all corners of the digitized area have been entered, click this button to finish the area. The digitized area will be closed and displayed as a red polygon. 7) Digitizing Boxes: On the right hand side of the digitizing control buttons (Copy, Add, Del, End) are three digitizing boxes: Corner box, Exclusion Zone box, and Displayed Polygon box. a) Corner:box: The corner box is the biggest box of the three, located beside the digitizing control buttons. This box displays the corner numbers of the digitized area. The digitized area can be a spray area, an exclusion zone or displayed polygon. If the number of corners is greater than 4, a scrolling button appears at the right edge of this box. You can move this button up and down to scroll the list to show the desired corner numbers. To move the scrolling button up, click the up button at the top of the scrolling bar. To move the scrolling button down, click the down button at the bottom of the bar. You can also click the space on the bar to move the scrolling button faster. Tip: If the digitized area has too many corners, say 300, and you want to go back to some corner between the list, say 50, you can move to mouse cursor to the scrolling button, hold down the left mouse button and while holding down the mouse button, move the scrolling button up or down until the desired corner number appears. This method scrolls the list much faster than clicking the up or down button. AG-NAV Inc. 7 Map Digitizing

8 b) Exclusion Zone box: This is the upper small box next to the corner box. It displays the exclusion zone numbers or "empty" if no exclusion zone exists. When an exclusion zone is digitized, the highlighted number in this box indicates the current digitized area, and the corner box shows the corners of this area. c) Displayed Polygon box: This is the lower small box next to the corner box. It displays the displayed polygon numbers or "empty" if no displayed polygon exists. When a displayed polygon is digitized, the highlighted number in this box indicates the current digitized area, and the corner box shows the corners of this area. 8) Digitizing Check Buttons: There are three digitizing check buttons: Area, XCL and Disp. They are used to select the type of digitized area. Only one button can be checked at a time and the checked button is shown with a big black dot in the center. a) Area button: When this button is checked, a spray area can be digitized. All the control buttons and the corner box are for spray area digitizing. By default, this button is checked when you first enter the digitizing mode. b) XCL button: When this button is checked, exclusion zones can be digitized. All the control buttons and the corner box are for exclusion zone digitizing. The exclusion zone box becomes active and shows the exclusion zone numbers or "empty" if no exclusion zone exists. c) Disp button: When this button is checked, displayed polygon can be digitized. All the control buttons and the corner box are for displayed polygon digitizing. The displayed polygon box becomes active and shows the displayed polygon numbers or "empty" if no displayed polygon exists. Very important: Before digitizing any area, make sure the right type of area is selected or you may screw up the previous digitized area if a wrong type is chosen. To check a button, click the center of the circle on the left of the label (Area, XCL, or Disp). 9) Control Buttons and Display Boxes for Waypoint Digitizing: There are three control buttons and two display boxes for waypoint digitizing. They are located below the digitizing check buttons. a) Waypoint Add button: This button is used to add a waypoint to the spray area. Click this button when you want to make new waypoints for the current spray area. A new waypoint can be added to the end of the waypoint list or between any two existing waypoints. Note that the Add function does not give the new waypoint a name or the new waypoint name is just blank. You have to enter the waypoint name as described later. b) Waypoint Del button: This button is used to delete a waypoint. When a waypoint is deleted, its name is deleted as well. c) Waypoint End button: This button is used to finish all waypoint entries. Click this button to end the Add function and accept all waypoints. d) Waypoint Number box: This box is located at the right hand side of the waypoint digitizing control buttons. It displays the current waypoint numbers. e) Waypoint Name box: This box is located under the waypoint digitizing control AG-NAV Inc. 8 Map Digitizing

9 buttons. It displays the name of the waypoint whose number is highlighted in the waypoint number box. To change a waypoint name or give a new waypoint a new name, do the following: i) Clicking the desired waypoint number in the Waypoint Number box to select which waypoint to be editted. The waypoint number should be highlighted. ii) Click on the Waypoint Name box to get a blinking edit cursor. iii) Delete the current name if any then enter a new name. Up to 5 characters without space can be entered for a waypoint name. 10) Grid Line Heading: The control button and display box for grid line heading are located below the waypoint boxes. The grid line heading can be LatLon Heading or UTM Heading depending on the type of coordinates used for area corners. Grid line heading can be changed by using one of the following methods: a) Click button: When you don't know exactly what the grid line heading is or want to use two reference points to define the grid line heading, you should click this button to change the grid line heading. The mouse cursor changes to the cross hair cursor. To define the new heading, moves the cross hair cursor to the first reference point, then hold down the left mouse button. While holding down the left mouse button, move the cursor to the second point then release the mouse button. b) Heading Display box: This box displays the current heading in degrees. If the corners are defined in Lat/Long for the spray area, the heading is the Lat Long heading. If the corners are defined in UTM X/Y, the heading is the UTM heading. Since NavviewW/SprayView uses UTM scale for all graphical display, the heading value shown in the heading box may be somewhat different when Lat Long are used. In this case, it is normal to have a non zero value shown in the heading box when a perfect South North heading defined by two points. If you know the exact value of grid line heading, you can enter it in this box to change the heading. To do this: i) Click on the box to get the edit cursor. ii) Enter the new heading value. iii) Click the <Enter> key to accept. The screen should refresh and grid lines may be regenerated. 11) Application Rate box: This box is used to enter a desired application rate for the new spray area. This value will be sent to an AutoCal system to automatically adjust the flow rate for this area during the flight. If the application rate is -1.0 (as the default value), AG- NAV will not send the rate command to the AutoCal system. 12) Save button: This button is a long bar located near the bottom of the left panel. It is used to save digitized data to a file. The target file depends on what are currently digitized. If the spray area is digitized, the data will be saved in an area file *.NO1. If the exclusion zones are digitized, the data will be saved in an exclusion zone file *.XCL. If the displayed polygons are digitized, the data will be saved in a displayed polygon file *.DSP. Very important notes: a) When you finish digitizing an area either spray area, exclusion zone or displayed polygon, you should save the data before digitizing another area. AG-NAV Inc. 9 Map Digitizing

10 b) Always enter the file extension when you are asked to enter the filename for the file to be created. 13) Corner/Wpt Coordinates Box: This box is located at the bottom of the left panel. If a spray area, exclusion zone or displayed polygon is currently digitized, this box displays the coordinates of the corner whose number is highlighted in the corner box. If waypoints are digitized, this box displays the coordinates of the waypoint whose number is highlighted in the waypoint number box. The coordinates include Latitude and Longitude on the first line, UTM X and UTM Y on the second line. AG-NAV Inc. 10 Map Digitizing

11 3.4 Digitizing Spray Area Digitizing a spray area is making the boundary of a polygon which is used as the main area for spraying. A spray area may have exclusion zones inside the boundary and displayed polygons either inside or outside the boundary. Three to 500 corners can be used to defined the boundary of a spray area. You can make a new spray area from a map or editing an existing area Generate New Spray Area The procedure to generate a new spray area is as follows: 1) Click the Open Area/Project button on the Tool bar. 2) Select the ENTRY.NEW file. Note that the ENTRY.NEW file must contain correct information about the type of coordinates (Lat/Long or UTM X/Y), central meridian or zone number, ellipsoid (WGS-84 or local), hemisphere, swath width, first grid line offset, default waypoints, etc.. Figure 3: Information in the ENTRY.NEW file 3) The important information in the ENTRY.NEW file is displayed on screen. Check the type of coordinates, central meridian for Lat/Long and UTM or zone number for zone, ellipsoid, hemisphere and make sure they match with the information in the map file. For ellipsoid, if you use WGS-84 or NAD83, the datum shifts must be DX=0, DY=0, DZ=0. If you use another ellipsoid, you must enter the right datum shifts. Normally for AG-NAV Inc. 11 Map Digitizing

12 Clarke-1866 or NAD27, the datum shifts for CON U.S are DX=8, DY= -160, DZ= Check the swath width and first grid line offset for proper grid line generation. Change the information if necessary. Note that always check the information everytime you start the digitizing. This is a good practice to make good spray areas. 4) When the information displayed on screen is OK, click OK to continue. 5) Click the Open Map button on the Tool bar. 6) Select the desired map file. Make sure the file extension is either "SHP", "DXF", "MRK", JPG or "BMP". Figure 4: Map display without corner numbers. 7) The map should be displayed on the screen now. Click the Digitizing button on the Tool bar. The left panel should change its display. 8) The default settings are used to display the map. Depending on these settings, the map can be displayed with or without corner indicators, with or without corner numbers. To turn on or off the corner indicators and the numbers on the map, the user can select the desired settings on the left panel. Refer to section "3.3 Map Digitizing Controls" for more details. 9) Click the first Digitizing Check button for Area (the first radio button from the left) on the left panel to select digitizing a spray area. AG-NAV Inc. 12 Map Digitizing

13 10) There are two methods to make a new spray area: Add corners and Copy map polygon. The Add method shoud be used when the map polygon is not well defined. A polygon is well defined when there are no more than 2 corners (vertices) on a straight line and corners are not too close together. The unnecessary points may prevent the AG-NAV system from achieving the best performance. The Copy method should be used when the map polygon is well defined or when there are not many unnecessary points on the map polygon. This method saves you time and creates more accurate area. a) Add Corners: i) Click the Add button. The cursor should change to a circle with cross hair symbol. ii) iii) iv) Click the corner box on the left panel. A rectangle is shown in the box. Move the cursor to a desired point, then click the left mouse button. You can zoom in to get a more accurate point or zoom out to get a better view of the map. Note that the bigger the screen scale, the bigger the error. The corner number should be displayed on the screen with a little circle and in the corner box on the left panel. The coordinates, both Latitude Longitude and UTM X Y can be viewed in the Coordinates box at the bottom of the left panel. Repeat step iii) for the next point until the spray area is formed. For each new corner, a line is plotted from the previous entered corner to the new corner. The corners should be entered in the clockwise order. You do not need to close the area, namely make the first and last corners the same. When all corners have been entered, just leave the digitized area open. v) Click the End button on the left panel to finish adding corners. The digitized area should be shown closed now. Important note: The finished area must not have boundary crossing. b) Copy Map Polygon: This function is applicable for vector maps (SHP, DXF, MRK) only because vector maps contain polygons with known corner coordinates. This function is used to copy all corners of the selected map polygon to a new spray area. The procedure to copy map polygon is as follows: i) Point the cursor to the boundary of the map polygon that you want to copy, then click the right mouse button. The boundary of the map polygon becomes gray. On the left panel, the Add and End buttons are disabled, the Copy button is enabled. ii) iii) Click the Copy button on the left panel. The digitized area is shown in red with its corner numbers. The corner box on the left panel displays the numbers of corners copied from the AG-NAV Inc. 13 Map Digitizing

14 map polygon. Click the End button on the left panel to finish the area. 11) If you want to delete a corner of the digitized area, do the following: a) Select the corner to be deleted by clicking its number in the corner box. This number should be highlighted. b) Click the Del button on the left panel. Once a corner is deleted, the shape of the digitized area changes, the existing corners are renumbered automatically. Tip: To delete a whole bunch of consecutive corners, you can click the smallest number to be deleted in the corner box, then click the Del button until all unwanted corners are deleted. For example, assuming that the digitized area currently has 10 corners. If you want to delete corners 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, you should click number 4 in the corner box, then click the Del button 5 times. Note that in all cases, the corner whose number is highlighted in the number box is deleted when the Del button is clicked Digitize Old Spray Area The procedure to digitize an old spray area is as follows: 1) Click the Open Area/Project button on the Tool bar. 2) Select the desired area file (*.NO1). 3) Click Cancel for selecting no binary data files. 4) If a map is required for digitizing, follow steps 5 and 6; otherwise jump to step 7. 5) Click the Open Map button on the Tool bar. 6) Select the desired map file. Make sure the file extension is either "SHP", "DXF", "MRK", JPG or "BMP". In some computers, the extension "BMP" of a bitmap file is not shown, so make sure the map file is selected, not a folder. 7) The map should be displayed on the screen now. Click the Digitizing button on the Tool bar. The left panel should change its display. The digitized area is shown in red. 8) The default settings are used to display the map. Depending on these settings, the map can be displayed with or without corner indicators, with or without corner numbers. To turn on or off the corner indicators and the numbers on the map, the user can select the desired settings on the left panel. Refer to section "3.3 Map Digitizing Controls" for more details. 9) Click the first "Digitizing Check" button for Area (the first radio button from the left) on the left panel to select digitizing a spray area. 10) If more corners need to be added to the spray area, click the Add button on the left panel to start the Add function. To add a new corner to a digitized area: AG-NAV Inc. 14 Map Digitizing

15 a) Move the mouse cursor to a desired position on screen, then click the left mouse button. The new corner number should be displayed on the screen, the shape of the digitized area (shown in red) changes. Normally the new corner is the last corner of the digitized area. If you want to add a corner between the existing ones, for example adding a new corner between corners 3 and 4, do the following: i) Click the number after which the new corner will be added in the corner box. As in the example, click number 3. ii) iii) Move the mouse cursor to the desired position on the screen. Click the left mouse button. The last corner of the digitized area is always highlighted after a corner is added to the digitized area. b) Repeat step a) until all corners are added. Note that when the number of corners exceeds 500, no more corners will be accepted. 11) For any reason, if a corner of the digitized area needs to be deleted, you can use the Delete function. To delete a corner: a) Select the corner to be deleted by clicking its number in the corner box. This number should be highlighted. b) Click the Del button on the left panel. Once a corner is deleted, the shape of the digitized area changes, the existing corners are renumbered automatically. Tip: To delete a whole bunch of consecutive corners, you can click the smallest number to be deleted in the corner box, then click the Del button until all unwanted corners are deleted. For example, assuming that the digitized area currently has 10 corners. If you want to delete corners 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, you should click number 4 in the corner box, then click the Del button 5 times. Note that in all cases, the corner whose number is highlighted in the number box is deleted when the Del button is clicked. 12) When the spray area appears fine, click the End button to finish the area. The digitized area will be displayed as a closed red polygon. AG-NAV Inc. 15 Map Digitizing

16 3.4.3 Save Spray Area Up to now, all the digitized data are saved in memory. They must be saved in an area file to be used in the future or in the AG-NAV system. To save the digitized data: 1) Click the Save button on the left panel. The "Save As..." dialog appears. 2) Enter a name for the spray area. For the AGNAV2, up to 8 characters can be entered for a file name followed by the file extension ".no1". For the Guia, you can enter more than 8 characters. Valid characters which can be used for a file name are "0" to "9", "a" to "z", "A to Z", "-", _". 3) Click the Save button in the dialog. Notes: When a spray area is saved, if the area does not have the waypoint name "COR1", the first corner of the area will be used as a default waypoint and named "COR1". This is for the pilot to get the guidance to fly to the area in real time from any position. For the new spray area, the best heading will be calculated based on the longest side of the area. After the spray area is saved, it can be checked again to make sure it is right and ready for the pilot. To check the spray area: a) Click the Open Area/Project button on the Tool bar. b) Select the desired area file (*.no1). c) Click Cancel for selecting no binary files. d) If a map is required for checking, follow steps e) and f); otherwise jump to step g). e) Click the Open Map button on the Tool bar. f) Select the desired map file. g) Zoom in or zoom out or shift the display to have a better view of the area and map. AG-NAV Inc. 16 Map Digitizing

17 3.5 Digitizing Project A project in AGNAV is a combination of spray areas. If you want to spray multiple areas together, you have to make a project for these areas. If you have a vector map (DXF, SHP), you can digitize a project from the map. The procedure to generate a new project is as follows: 1) Click the Open Area/Project button on the Tool bar. 2) Select the ENTRY.NEW file. Note that the ENTRY.NEW file must contain correct information about the type of coordinates (Lat/Long or UTM X/Y), central meridian or zone number, ellipsoid (WGS-84 or local), hemisphere, swath width, first grid line offset, default waypoints, etc.. 3) The important information in the ENTRY.NEW file is displayed on screen. Check the type of coordinates, central meridian for Lat/Long and UTM or zone number for zone, ellipsoid, hemisphere and make sure they match with the information in the map file. For ellipsoid, if you use WGS-84 or NAD83, the datum shifts must be DX=0, DY=0, DZ=0. If you use another ellipsoid, you must enter the right datum shifts. Normally for Clarke-1866 or NAD27, the datum shifts for CON U.S are DX=8, DY= -160, DZ= Check the swath width and first grid line offset for proper grid line generation. Change the information if necessary. Note that always check the information everytime you start the digitizing. This is a good practice to make good spray areas. 4) When the information displayed on screen is OK, click OK to continue. 5) Click the Open Map button on the Tool bar. 6) Select the desired map file. Make sure the file extension is either "SHP", "DXF", "MRK", JPG or "BMP". In some computers, the extension "BMP" of a bitmap file is not shown, so make sure the map file is selected, not a folder. 7) The map should be displayed on the screen now. Click the Digitizing button on the Tool bar. The left panel should change its display. 8) The default settings are used to display the map. Depending on these settings, the map can be displayed with or without corner indicators, with or without corner numbers. To turn on or off the corner indicators and the numbers on the map, the user can select the desired settings on the left panel. Refer to section "3.3 Map Digitizing Controls" for more details. 9) Click the Prj radio button on the left panel to select digitizing a project. The Man radio button and Spray button should be selected as well. 10) Now move the cursor to the polygons that you want to put in the project. Push down the right mouse button and hold it. While holding down the right button, drag the mouse to create a rectangle that encompasses all the desired polygons. The polygons don't have to be completely inside the rectangle. 11) Now release the mouse button. The digitized areas are shown in red. AG-NAV Inc. 17 Map Digitizing

18 Figure 5: Polygons in Red Selected to Make Project 12) If you want to deselect any polygon from the selected ones, push down the <Ctrl> key and the right mouse button. While holding these two keys, drag the mouse to create a rectangle around any corner of the deselected polygon. You don't need to put a whole polygon into the rectangle. 13) Now release the mouse button. The deselected ones will be drawn blue again. 14) Click the Save button on the left panel. The "Save As..." dialog appears. 15) Enter a name for the project. For the AGNAV2, up to 8 characters can be entered for a file name followed by the file extension ".prj". For the Guia, you can enter more than 8 characters. Valid characters which can be used for a file name are "0" to "9", "a" to "z", "A to Z", "-", _". 16) Click the Save button in the dialog. Notes: There must be at least 2 polygons selected to make a project. If you want to spray a single area, you should make a spray area or no1 file. The polygons of a project are saved in a *.dsp file. If the project file is abc.prj, the spray polygons are in abc.dsp. After the project is saved, it can be checked again to make sure it is right and ready for the pilot. AG-NAV Inc. 18 Map Digitizing

19 To check the project: a) Click the Open Area/Project button on the Tool bar. b) Select the desired project file (*.prj). c) Click Cancel for selecting no binary files. d) If a map is required for checking, follow steps e) and f); otherwise jump to step g). e) Click the Open Map button on the Tool bar. f) Select the desired map file. g) Zoom in or zoom out or shift the display to have a better view of the areas and map. Figure 6: Project Display with Exclusion Zones AG-NAV Inc. 19 Map Digitizing

20 3.6 Digitizing Exclusion Zones Exclusion zones (XCLs) are the zones normally inside a spray area where no spray should be applied. In real time, the pilot will get warnings when approaching the boundary of an exclusion zone. When the aircraft is inside an exclusion zone, it is considered as to be outside the spray area. Each spray area can have up to 30 exclusion zones, each exclusion zone can have maximum 30 corners for AGNAV2 and 100 corners for Guia. This section describes how to digitize exclusion zones. After a new spray area is created, you can digitize its exclusion zones. There are two boxes on the left panel to be clearly understood. They are the exclusion zone box and corner box. The exclusion zone box is the upper box next to the corner box. It shows the exclusion zone numbers. The corner box shows the corner numbers of the current exclusion zone whose number is highlighted in the exclusion zone box. There are two methods you can use to make an XCL: Adding corners and copying map polygons. They are described below Adding Corners Use this method when your map has no XCL, or when it does but the XCL has too many corners (well exceed 30 vertices) that it will make an invalid XCL for AGNAV2. You can click to add up to 30 corners for each XCL. The procedure to make XCLs for a new spray area is as follows: 1) Click the Open Area/Project button on the Tool bar. 2) Select the desired area file (*.no1). 3) Click Cancel for selecting no binary data files. 4) If a map is required for digitizing, follow steps 5 to 8; otherwise jump to step 9. 5) Click the Open Map button on the Tool bar. 6) Select the desired map file. Make sure the file extension is either "SHP", "DXF", "MRK", JPG or "BMP". In some computers, the extension "BMP" of a bitmap file is not shown, so make sure the map file is selected, not a folder. 7) The map should be displayed on the screen now. Click the Digitizing button on the Tool bar. The left panel should change its display. The digitized area is shown in red. 8) The default settings are used to display the map. Depending on these settings, the map can be displayed with or without corner indicators, with or without corner numbers. To turn on or off the corner indicators and the numbers on the map, the user can select the desired settings on the left panel. Refer to section "3.3 Map Digitizing Controls" for more details. 9) Click the second "Digitizing Check" button for XCL (the second radio button from the left) on the left panel to select digitizing exclusion zones. The exclusion zone box should AG-NAV Inc. 20 Map Digitizing

21 display "empty" since there is no exclusion zone exists. 10) Double click on the exclusion zone box. The exclusion zone number should appear. 11) Click the Add button on the left panel. 12) Click on the corner box once. 13) Move the cursor to a desired point, then click the left mouse button. You can zoom in or zoom out to get a more accurate point or better view of the map. Note that the bigger the screen scale, the bigger the error. The corner number should be displayed on the screen with a little circle and in the corner box on the left panel. The coordinates, both Latitude Longitude and UTM X Y can be viewed in the Coordinates box at the bottom of the left panel. 14) Repeat step 13) for the next point until the exclusion zone is formed. For each new corner, a line is plotted from the previous entered corner to the new corner. The corners must be entered in the clockwise order. You do not need to close the digitized zone. 15) Click the End button on the left panel to finish adding corners. The digitized zone should be shown closed now. Important note: The finished exclusion zone must not have boundary crossing. 16) If another exclusion zone needs to be digitized, click the last number in the exclusion zone box twice. A new exclusion zone number should appear.highlighted in the box and the corner box should be blank. If all 30 exclusion zones exist, no more zone will be accepted. 17) Repeat steps 11 to 15 to make the new exclusion zone. 18) Repeat step 16 and 17 until all exclusion zones have been created. 19) If a corner of an exclusion zone needs to be deleted, do the following: a) Select the exclusion zone by clicking its number in the exclusion zone box. This number should be highlighted. The corner box should display the corner numbers of this zone. b) Select the corner to be deleted by clicking its number in the corner box. This number should be highlighted. c) Click the Del button on the left panel. Once a corner is deleted, the shape of the selected zone changes, the existing corners are renumbered automatically. 20) When all exclusion zones appear fine, click the End button to finish digitizing. AG-NAV Inc. 21 Map Digitizing

22 3.6.2 Copying Map Polygons This function is applicable for vector maps (SHP, DXF, MRK, AGL) only because vector maps contain polygons with known corner coordinates. This function is used to copy all corners of the selected map polygon to a new XCL. The procedure to copy map polygon is as follows: 1) Click the Open Area/Project button on the Tool bar. 2) Select the desired area file (*.no1). 3) Click Cancel for selecting no binary data files. 4) Click the Open Map button on the Tool bar. 5) Select the desired map file. Make sure the file extension is either "SHP", "DXF" or "MRK". 6) The map should be displayed on the screen now. Click the Digitizing button on the Tool bar. The left panel should change its display. The digitized area is shown in red. 7) The default settings are used to display the map. Depending on these settings, the map can be displayed with or without corner indicators, with or without corner numbers. To turn on or off the corner indicators and the numbers on the map, the user can select the desired settings on the left panel. Refer to section "3.3 Map Digitizing Controls" for more details. 8) Click the second "Digitizing Check" button for XCL (the second radio button from the left) on the left panel to select digitizing exclusion zones. The exclusion zone box should display "empty" since there is no exclusion zone exists. 9) Double click on the exclusion zone box. The exclusion zone number should appear. 10) Point the cursor to the boundary of the map polygon that you want to copy, then click the right mouse button. The boundary of the map polygon becomes gray. On the left panel, the Add and End buttons are disabled, the Copy button is enabled. 11) Click the Copy button on the left panel. 12) The digitized area is shown in red with its corner numbers. The corner box on the left panel displays the numbers of corners copied from the map polygon. Click the End button on the left panel to finish the area. 13) If another XCL needs to be digitized, click the last number in the exclusion zone box twice. A new exclusion zone number should appear.highlighted in the box and the corner box should be blank. 14) Repeat steps 10 to 12 to make the new XCL. 15) Repeat step 13 and 14 until all XCL have been created. 16) If a corner of an XCL needs to be deleted, do the following: AG-NAV Inc. 22 Map Digitizing

23 a) Select the exclusion zone by clicking its number in the exclusion zone box. This number should be highlighted. The corner box should display the corner numbers of this zone. b) Select the corner to be deleted by clicking its number in the corner box. This number should be highlighted. c) Click the Del button on the left panel. Once a corner is deleted, the shape of the selected zone changes, the existing corners are renumbered automatically. 18) When all XCLs appear fine, click the End button to finish digitizing Save Exclusion Zones Up to now, all the digitized data are temporary. They must be saved in an exclusion zone file to be used in the future or in the AG-NAV system. To save the digitized data: 1) Click the Save button on the left panel. The "Save As..." dialog appears. 2) Check the file name and make sure it is correct. Normally you do not have to enter the file name since the default file name is taken from the spray area file name. But if you want to change the XCL file name, enter a new file name followed by the file extension ".xcl". Valid characters can be used for a file name are "0" to "9", "a" to "z", "A to Z", "-", _". 3) Click the Save button in the dialog to continue. Note: After the exclusion zones are saved, you should check them again to make sure they are saved properly and ready for the pilot. To check the exclusion zones: a) Click the Open Area/Project button on the Tool bar. b) Select the desired area file (*.no1). c) Click Cancel for selecting no binary data files. d) If a map is required for checking, follow steps e) and f); otherwise jump to step g). e) Click the Open Map button on the Tool bar. f) Select the desired map file. g) Zoom in or zoom out or shift the display to have a better view of the area, exclusion zones and map. AG-NAV Inc. 23 Map Digitizing

24 3.7 Digitizing Displayed Polygons As described in the name, the displayed polygons (DSP) are for display only. They are used to show the obstacles, boundaries of sub areas, GIS features such as rivers, streets, houses, etc...in real time, the pilot will not get warnings when approaching the boundary of a displayed polygon. Each spray area can have up to 100 displayed polygons, each displayed polygon can have 3 to 500 corners. This section describes how to digitize displayed polygons. After a new spray area is created, you can digitize its displayed polygons. There are two boxes on the left panel to be clearly understood. They area the displayed polygon box (DSP box) and corner box. The displayed polygon box is the lower box next to the corner box. It shows the displayed polygon numbers. The corner box shows the corner numbers of the current displayed polygon whose number is highlighted in the displayed polygon box. There are two methods you can use to make a DSP: Adding corners and copying map polygons. They are described below Adding Corners Use this method when your map has no DSP, or when it does but the DSP has too many corners and the exact shape of the polygon is not important. Note that the display of all DSPs in real flight may slow down the guidance when you have too many DSPs and the DSPs have too many corners. The procedure to make DSPs for a new spray area is as follows: 1) Click the Open Area/Project button on the Tool bar. 2) Select the desired area file (*.no1). 3) Click Cancel for selecting no binary data files. 4) If a map is required for digitizing, follow steps 5 to 9; otherwise jump to step 10. 5) Click the Open Map button on the Tool bar. 6) Select the desired map file. Make sure the file extension is either "SHP", "DXF", "MRK" or "BMP". In some computers, the extension "BMP" of a bitmap file is not shown, so make sure the map file is selected, not a folder. 7) The map should be displayed on the screen now. Click the Digitizing button on the Tool bar. The left panel should change its display. The digitized area is shown in red. 8) The default settings are used to display the map. Depending on these settings, the map can be displayed with or without corner indicators, with or without corner numbers. To turn on or off the corner indicators and the numbers on the map, the user can select the desired settings on the left panel. Refer to section "3.3 Map Digitizing Controls" for more details. 9) Click the third "Digitizing Check" button for DSP (the third radio button from the left) on the left panel to select digitizing displayed polygons. The DSP box should display AG-NAV Inc. 24 Map Digitizing

25 "empty" since there is no DSP exists. 10) Double click on the DSP box. The DSP number should appear. 11) Click the Add button on the left panel. 12) Click on the corner box once. 13) Move the cursor to a desired point, then click the left mouse button. You can zoom in or zoom out to get a more accurate point or better view of the map. Note that the bigger the screen scale, the bigger the error. The corner number should be displayed on the screen with a little circle and in the corner box on the left panel. The coordinates, both Latitude Longitude and UTM X Y can be viewed in the Coordinates box at the bottom of the left panel. 14) Repeat step 13) for the next point until the DSP is formed. For each new corner, a line is plotted from the previous entered corner to the new corner. You do not need to close the DSP. 15) Click the End button on the left panel to finish adding corners. The digitized zone should be shown closed now. 16) If another DSP needs to be digitized, click the last number in the DSP box twice. A new DSP number should appear.highlighted in the box and the corner box should be blank. If all 100 DSPs exist, no more polygon will be accepted. 17) Repeat steps 11 to 15 to make the new DSP. 18) Repeat step 16 and 17 until all DSPs have been created. 19) If a corner of a DSP needs to be deleted, do the following: a) Select the DSP by clicking its number in the DSP box. This number should be highlighted. The corner box should display the corner numbers of this zone. b) Select the corner to be deleted by clicking its number in the corner box. This number should be highlighted. c) Click the Del button on the left panel. Once a corner is deleted, the shape of the selected DSP changes, the existing corners are renumbered automatically. 20) When all DSPs appear fine, click the End button to finish digitizing. AG-NAV Inc. 25 Map Digitizing