PowerTopoCE. for Pentax W-800 Series Total Station

Transcription

1 PowerTopoCE for Pentax W-800 Series Total Station

2 PowerTopoCE User s guide Copyright SierraSoft All rights reserved January 2007 SierraSoft S.r.l. Via Roveredo 1/a PORDENONE PN ITALY Tel.: Fax.: info@sierrasoft.com WEB: 3

3 WARNING Using computer procedures involves knowing the operative system. PowerTopoCE products were created for WindowsCE operative systems or later. The operative system is loaded on turning on device and works as interface between the program and the computer. The operative system is not provided together PowerTopoCE so it must be already present in the device. Knowing the operative system base principles is necessary for a full comprehension of this guide and for a correct use of the program. This is not a guide to operative systems, for which you should refer to device guides or to the numerous publications on the matter. This guide does not intend to give instructions concerning the use of topographic instruments and of computer peripherals. This guide is by no means a course of topography. The documentation included in this guide has been collected and verified with maximum care. Anyway, SierraSoft cannot be held responsible for its use. This is true also for any person or society involved in the creation, production and distribution of this guide. This guide is protected by copyright. Reproduction of this guide, or part of it, is possible only on written authorization by SierraSoft. The use of SierraSoft programs is subjected to the limits set by international legislation on intellectual property. Copy of the product original disks is forbidden, except for backup copies made by the license subscriber and only for safety reasons. Above mentioned warnings are considered accepted on purchasing PowerTopoCE program. Windows is a registered trademark. AutoCAD is a registered trademark of AutoDesk. Inc. Other brands and product names cited in this guide are considered trademarks by their respective owners. The information here included is subject to change without any communication from SierraSoft. 4

4 Index Index 3 Introducing PowerTopoCE 7 System requirements 7 Assistance 7 Precautions regarding safety 9 Using the software with generic total stations 9 Laser beam emission by the distance measurement 9 Laser beam emission by the laser pointer 9 Laser beam emission by the laser plummet 9 Using the software with Pentax W-800 total station 10 Laser beam emission by the distance measurement 10 Laser beam emission by the laser pointer 10 Laser beam emission by the laser plummet 10 Product Setup 11 How to install PowerTopoCE in a Pentax W-800 total station 11 Installing PowerTopoCE in a mobile device 11 Starting PowerTopoCE 13 Starting PowerTopoCE on Pentax W-800 total station 13 Starting PowerTopoCE on a mobile device 14 Standard components 17 Pentax W-800 total station keyboard 17 How to insert alphanumeric characters in input fields 17 How to insert numeric characters in input fields 18 How to delete characters in input fields 18 How to move among the windows input fields 18 How to close keyboard dialog boxes 19 How to use function keys in dialog boxes 19 How to activate bubble display 20 How to change EDM working mode 20 Battery level 21 How to move in PowerTopoCE menus 21 Dialog boxes 23 Input fields 23 Local menu 24 Selection from CAD 24 Options from button 24 Managing of targets 24 Pages 26 Rapid insertion 26 Virtual keyboard 27 Calculator 28 Help on line 28 Work management 29 Work file 29 How to create a work 29 How to open a work 31 How to save a work with a different name 32 How to create a model 33 5

5 Importation 33 Importing coordinates from ASCII files 33 Importation of DXF files 35 Exportation 35 Exporting coordinates or measures from ASCII files 36 Exporting a drawing into DXF file 37 Linking external works 38 How to link a work or a raster image 38 How to change the display order of the files selected 39 Remove link to a work or a raster image 39 Deleting a work 39 Work transfer 39 DL-02 setup 40 Prepare PowerTopoCE for data transfer 40 Prepare DL-02 for data transfer 41 How to transfer works from PowerTopoCE to DL How to transfer works from DL-02 to PowerTopoCE 42 How to import PowerTopoCE format data into DL How to export from DL-02 PowerTopoCE format data 45 How to transfer data from PowerTopoCE to Topko 46 How to transfer works from Topko to PowerTopoCE 47 How to import PowerTopoCE format data into Topko 48 How to export PowerTopoCE format data from Topko 50 Information about the work 51 Information about PowerTopoCE 52 Configure instruments 53 Configuration of instruments on Pentax W Configure instruments 54 Create a new configuration 55 How to make a configuration current 56 How to modify a configuration 56 How to delete a configuration 56 Settings and preferences 57 General 57 Units of measurement 58 Format 59 Coordinates 60 CAD 60 Survey 61 Staking 63 Repetitions 64 Coefficients 65 Use of coefficients in the calculation of coordinates 65 Files 66 Graphic CAD 67 Display 67 Snap to object 68 How to set and use snaps to object 69 How to insert data in the graphic window 69 Drawing commands 70 Inserting a topographic point 70 How to insert a cadastral parcel 71 How to draw orthogonal polylines 71 How to draw orthogonal polylines 72 6

6 How to draw arcs and circles by 3 points 73 How to draw circles 73 How to insert texts 73 Layers 74 Create a new layer 75 How to modify a layer 76 How to make a layer current 76 How to change the layers visibility 77 CAD settings 77 Modify object properties 78 Delete objects 79 Information about the drawing 80 How to identify a point 80 How to measure distances 80 How to measure an angle 80 How to measure areas 80 How to link external works 81 How to link a work or a raster image 81 How to make a work or a raster image visible or invisible 82 How to change the display order of linked files 82 How to remove the link to a work or a raster image 82 Data management: Measures and Points 83 Points Table 83 How to create a new point 83 How to modify a point 84 How to delete a point 85 How to find a point 85 Table of Measures 86 How to modify a measure 86 How to delete a measure 87 How to find a measure 87 Survey codes 89 Compound codes 89 Drawing from codes 89 Controls codes 90 An example of how to use survey codes 90 Table of survey codes 91 How to create a new code 92 How to modify a code 94 How to delete a code 94 How to save the library with a different name 94 How to load a library 94 Special codes 94 Quick codes (Pentax W-800) 95 Station setting and orientation 97 Calculate instrument height 98 Station with known coordinates and no orientation 99 Station with known coordinates and orientation point 100 Station with no known coordinates and different orientation points 104 How to add a measure 105 How to remove a measure 107 How to change the data to be used 107 Calculate coordinates and correction angle 108 Check backsight point 108 7

7 Survey 111 How to measure points 111 Quick codes for Pentax W-800 total station 115 Traverse stations Management 115 Measure on existing point 116 How to measure points in direct and reversed mode 117 Measurement by repetitions 119 How to measure points not reachable by prism 121 Measures with distance offset 121 Measures with offset of horizontal angle 122 Measures with offset of vertical angle 123 Set codes to the points surveyed and drawing from codes 124 How to perform free measures 126 Staking 127 Point staking 128 How to define a list of points to stake 129 Staking a single point or a list 130 Staking report 134 Line staking 135 How to define a line 135 Staking points on a line 136 COGO 139 Distance & offset 139 Intersection 141 Triangles 144 Area 145 Azimuth 146 8

8 Introducing PowerTopoCE Welcome to PowerTopoCE User s guide. PowerTopoCE is a software for topographic survey which can work on such Windows Mobile devices as Pocket PC (2003 and upper) and Windows CE (4.0 and upper), as well as communicate directly with the topographic instruments. PowerTopoCE can work directly on total station Pentax W-800 and it has been optimized to work perfectly integrated with this total station so as to take advantage of its great potential. PowerTopoCE includes all the functions necessary to perform survey on field and staking; the constant presence of a graphic CAD allows to check directly the object of the survey, compared, for example, with an existing cartography or to complete, directly on field, the survey drawing. This guide describes in a complete way all the functions available in PowerTopoCE. The user is supposed to be familiar with the Windows operating system working on the device and be able to perform such basic operations as using a pen, selecting an item from menu, choosing options in a dialog box, etc. The frames displayed in this guide are referred to a Windows CE system with horizontal 320x240 display; if the tool works on a Pocket PC system, frames can be slightly different. System requirements PowerTopoCE can work on devices with a 240x320 or 320x240 pixels display, 64 MB RAM, equipped with Windows CE operating system, version 4.0 or upper, systems with Pocket PC 2003 or upper. Assistance Assistance concerning the use of PowerTopoCE can be offered by local distributors of Pentax instruments. 9

9 Precautions regarding safety Below are reported some important information for your safety. Using the software with generic total stations In case of using the software with generic total stations please read carefully the following information. Laser beam emission by the distance measurement Activation press button or displayed on the device s screen Termination press button displayed on the device s screen Laser beam emission by the laser pointer Activation Termination press button on PocketPC systems or button on Windows CE systems. In the dialog box that appear select the option Laser pointer and then press the button or the button Press button on PocketPC systems or button on Windows CE systems. In the dialog box that appear unselect the option Laser pointer and then press the button or the button Laser beam emission by the laser plummet Activation Termination press button on PocketPC systems or button on Windows CE systems. In the dialog box that appear select the option Laser plummet and then press the button or the button Press button on PocketPC systems or button on Windows CE systems. In the dialog box that appear unselect the option Laser plummet and then press the button or the button 10

10 Using the software with Pentax W-800 total station In case of using the software with Pentax W-800 total station please read carefully the following information. Laser beam emission by the distance measurement Activation press button or displayed on the total station screen. Termination press button displayed on the total station screen. Laser beam emission by the laser pointer Activation button from total station keyboard and by select the option Laser pointer; finally press button or button to close the dialog box Termination press button from total station keyboard. If laser pointer is not active the electronic-vial dialog box will appear Laser beam emission by the laser plummet Activation Termination button from total station keyboard and by select the option Laser plummet; finally press button or button to close the dialog box press button from total station keyboard and by unselect the option Laser plummet; finally press button or button to close the dialog box. 11

11 Product Setup How to install PowerTopoCE in a Pentax W-800 total station Normally, PowerTopoCE is supplied already installed in a SD or CF memory card; then, insert the card containing the software in the corresponding total station slot. The operation to be performed is merely the one allowing the registration of PowerTopoCE among the device tools. To perform this operation, it is sufficient to execute PowerTopoCE Setup.exe file, available in the PowerTopoCE Setup folder of the PowerTopoCE memory card supplied with the tool. The dialog box now appearing will ask to specify the language the tool will have to use. Press Install button to start setup procedure. The tool PowerTopoCE Setup will then take care of recording the tool in the device; at the end of the execution a dialog box will inform about the result of the process. At the end of the process the total station will be turned off and then turned on again auto matically. On restarting the device, on Windows desktop an icon will be displayed, which will allow to activate directly PowerTopoCE; moreover, the software can be activated by selecting Windows Start button, then Programs, and finally PowerTopoCE. 12

12 Installing PowerTopoCE in a mobile device PowerTopoCE is normally supplied already installed on a SD or CF memory card the only operation to be performed is the one allowing to register PowerTopoCE among the device programs. To perform this operation it is sufficient to execute PowerTopoCE Setup.exe file available in PowerTopoCE Setup folder of the memory card supplied with the tool. On starting the tool verify whether the device contains all the libraries necessary for the proper working of PowerTopoCE; if the libraries are not available, the tool cannot work. If the libraries are available but not updated, then a message like the following will appear: In both cases it is necessary to install the libraries in the device. The card supplied with the software contains the folder NETCF; install the CAB file contained in the folder simply by clicking on it. PowerTopoCE Setup program will then register the tool in the device; once the execution has been performed, a dialog box will inform about the result of the operation. 13

13 Starting PowerTopoCE Starting PowerTopoCE on Pentax W-800 total station To activate PowerTopoCE click twice on the tool icon, displayed on Windows desktop; otherwise, activate the software by selecting Windows Start button, then Programs, and finally PowerTopoCE. On starting the device for the first time, if the program has not been activated yet, a window will appear for the insertion of the setup code: Insert on the correct fields Serial number, User data registration and Installation code as reported in the paper enclosed to the memory card. On starting PowerTopoCE a window will appear, allowing to carry out some free measurements, without saving them in a specific work. For further details concerning the window working see chapter How to perform free measures on page 128. To close the window of free measurements press Close button or ESC key. 14

14 Once the window of free measurements has been closed, a window is displayed, allowing to create a new work or to open an already existing work: For information concerning work creation mode refer to chapter Work management on page 29. PowerTopoCE can be used also without having to create a new work or open an existing work; such mode can be activated also by selecting Close/Cancel from the previous window. In this case only some of the commands of PowerTopoCE will be available; in fact, only those commands will be made available, which do not require to interact with any data files. Starting PowerTopoCE on a mobile device In order to start PowerTopoCE select the item Programs and then the item PowerTopoCE. In case the libraries needed for the proper working of the tool are not available, the tool cannot work. If the libraries are available but not updated, then a message like the following will appear: In both cases it is necessary to install the libraries in the device. The card supplied with the software contains the folder NETCF; install the CAB file contained in the folder simply by clicking on it. In this way the libraries needed for the proper working of the tool are updated and the tool should work correctly. 15

15 On starting the program for the first time, a window will appear for the insertion of the setup code: Insert on the correct fields Serial number, User data registration and Installation code as reported in the paper enclosed to the memory card. On starting PowerTopoCE a window is displayed, which allows to create a new work or to open an already existing one. For information concerning work creation mode refer to chapter Work management on page 29. PowerTopoCE can be used also without having to create a new work or open an existing work; such mode can be activated also by selecting Close/Cancel from the previous window. In this case only some of the commands of PowerTopoCE will be available; in fact, only those commands will be made available, which do not require to interact with any data files. 16

16 Standard components This chapter illustrates the working of a set of controls and components available in the dialog boxes that make up the application. Understanding the way they work is absolutely necessary for the best use of the tool. Pentax W-800 total station keyboard Pentax W-800 total station is equipped with a keyboard, allowing to insert alphanumeric data as well as to move among input fields by directional arrows, and possesses 10 function keys: How to insert alphanumeric characters in input fields In order to insert alphanumeric characters in input fields it is necessary to use the buttons from 0 to 9 available in the keyboard. Each button allows the insertion of different characters, so it is necessary to press the same button more than once, as long as the desired character is displayed. The lower right corner of PowerTopoCE window displays the preview of the character that will be inserted in input field. 17

17 Each keyboard button corresponds to the following characters: _ - : / 1 P Q R S p r s 2 T U V t u v 3 W X Y Z w x y z 4 G H I g h i 5 J K L j k l 6 M N O m n o 7 Space?! _ ^ & 8 A B C a b c 9 D E F d e f., : ; # ( ) x/- - + * / % = < > The tool provides for some optimizations as far as the keyboard working; for example, if a lowercase character is selected, the next character displayed will be a lowercase character again. If the last character selected is a number, the next character displayed will be a number again. How to insert numeric characters in input fields In numeric input fields it is possible to use directly keyboard buttons. How to delete characters in input fields In order to delete characters from input fields use the keyboard left directional button. How to move among the windows input fields To move among the input fields of a window, use the keyboard up and down directional buttons. How to close keyboard dialog boxes If atop the dialog box only ESC button. button is available, the window can be closed by keyboard On the contrary, if atop the dialog box and buttons are available, the window can be closed in two ways: By pressing ESC button, corresponding to Cancel button; in this case, the changes performed will not be saved. By pressing Enter button, corresponding to OK button; in this case, the changes performed will be saved. 18

18 How to use function keys in dialog boxes Function keys can be used in different dialog boxes; very often, windows buttons are positioned next to function keys. In this case it is possible to use function keys instead of window buttons. An example of this situation is the graphic CAD: In this case the first 5 function keys correspond to zoom commands, while F7, F8, F9 and F10 function keys open the corresponding CAD menus. In the windows where it is not possible to position the buttons near the function keys, the button reports the name of the corresponding function key. An example of this situation is the window below: 19

19 How to activate bubble display From the dialog boxes performing measures it is possible to retrieve the window showing the position of the bubble. The electronic bubble window can be retrieved by using keyboard button. A dialog box similar to the following will appear: The dialog box allow to change the compensator settings and to set laser pointer and laser plummet. How to change EDM working mode To change EDM working mode and then pass from a prism measure to a reflectorless measure it is possible to use button again. Pressing the button repeatedly allows to choose among three different options as shown in the preview window: activates electronic bubble window setting the EDM on reflectorless measures setting the EDM on measures with reflector (prism) setting the EDM on reflectorless Long Range mode measures setting the EDM on sheet measures 20

20 Battery level In the title bar of PowerTopoCE windows an icon similar to the following informs about battery level. Completely Charged battery Completely Uncharged battery How to move in PowerTopoCE menus PowerTopoCE is equipped with a main menu which contains icons allowing to open in their turn other icon submenus. The tool commands have then been grouped together in submenus reachable from the main menu, according to the category they belong to. Clicking on an icon in the main menu it is possible to have access to the icons of the corres ponding submenu. Any submenu includes the item Back, which allows to go back to the main menu. 21

21 Every icon, both in the main menu and in the submenu, reports a number that can be digitized on the keyboard to retrieve the corresponding item. Therefore, in order to open File menu, it is possible to click on the corresponding icon and press button 1 on keyboard; the same rule can be applied to submenus. In this way it is possible to move among the tool commands more quickly than by using pens or arrows. The upper side of PowerTopoCE main window reports the name of the current work and 3 icons: indicates the level of the device battery charge. (available only if PowerTopoCE has been installed in a mobile device and not in Pentax W-800 station). opens the window for the management of instruments. See chapter Configure instruments on page 53. opens the graphic window. See chapter Graphic CAD on page 69. To exit the program select the icon Exit from main menu. Pentax W-800: From main menu the window for instruments setting can be opened by using F9 function key. Pentax W-800: From main menu the graphic window can be opened by using F10 function key. Dialog boxes All the dialog boxes display common elements allowing to confirm the data inserted, annul modifications or simply close the window. These buttons can have different shapes and position, depending on the tool working either on a Pocket PC or on a Windows CE system. In Pocket PC systems windows can display, on the lower left toolbar, the following buttons. by pressing this button the data contained in the window are confirmed and the window closes. if this button comes with its meaning is to annul modifications and close the window; if not, it only closes the window. opens virtual keyboard to simplify the insertion of data in the current input field. See paragraph Virtual keyboard on page

22 In Windows CE systems it is possible to find, on the upper right toolbar, the following buttons. by pressing this button the current data are confirmed and the window is closed. by pressing this button the modifications on current data are annulled and the window is closed. by pressing this button the window is closed. opens virtual keyboard to simplify the insertion of data in the current input field. See paragraph Virtual keyboard on page 27. Pentax W-800: button corresponds to Enter button of Pentax W-800 keyboard; while and buttons correspond to ESC keyboard button. Input fields An input field is an area where the user can insert some values. An input field consists of a label describing the value to be inserted in the field, followed by a rectangular area with a white background where to insert the value. Before inserting a value it is necessary to select the field by clicking on it or by pressing TAB button until it is selected. A field is selected when the cursor is present in the input area. In input fields it is possible to insert some values by using PowerTopoCE virtual keyboard. After selecting the field it is sufficient to press button or button. A dialog box will appear, which represents a virtual keyboard to use for the insertion of data. For more information see paragraph Virtual keyboard on page 27. Pentax W-800: To move among the input fields of a window, use the keyboard up and down directional buttons. Local menu In using the program it is possible to find some input fields reporting on their right a button like this: By pressing this button a local menu appears, which allows to activate alternative functions to insert the datum required; the kind of options now appearing depends on the input field and on the context in which it is used. Selection from CAD In the input fields where it is necessary, indicate the name of an existing point. The following button is always present: By this button it is possible to select the point required directly from the graphic window; from the graphic window click on the point desired. Note. If the point selected is situated near other points the tool will open a new window reporting all the points positioned inside the area selected. Select from the table the point desired and close the window by confirmation button. 23

23 Pentax W-800: in the input fields providing for retrieved by pressing directly F10 function key. button, the CAD can be Options from button When the label of a button is preceded by the symbol, such as it means that the button label changes if you click on it. Every time the button is pressed, the label changes and so does the option associated to it. Going on pressing the button all the options available will be displayed, from the first to the last and then the first again. Managing of targets By PowerTopoCE it is possible to manage different prism configurations or other kinds of targets. This manager is particularly useful while working with different prisms at different heights or constants; the software allows to pass quickly from a typology to another without having to reset manually either the height or the constant. By the same manager it is possible, if the instruments allow this, to change EDM measurement mode from prism to without prism (reflectorless). In all the dialog boxes allowing the execution of measures, prism height is requested by an input field like the following: An icon on the left of the input field indicates the current target: prism without-prism (reflectorless) without-prism in Long Range mode (reflectorless long range) sheet By pressing button the local menu is opened, reporting the list of all the targets currently set: Select from the list the target desired; the tool will update the value of prism height with the specific target value selected. If prism height is modified in input field, the new value will be updated also in the current view. From local menu it is possible to select the item Targets, which will open a dialog box similar to the following: 24

24 In order to set a target as the current one, first select the target from the list, then press Current button. It is possible to modify the targets display order by using Move up and Move down buttons. In order to create a new target, press New button; the following dialog box will appear: Assign a name to the target and then set the kind of target (prism or reflectorless), its height and the prism constant. It is recommendable not to set the value of the prism constant if this has already been set also in the total station, otherwise it will be applied twice to the distance measured. In order to modify a target, select it from the list and press Modify button. To delete a target, select it from the list and press Delete button. Pages In the windows containing a lot of information, this is subdivided into pages, as shown below: In order to pass to the different pages it is sufficient to press and buttons; to have direct access to the page desired it is possible to open a pull down menu. Pentax W-800: to pass to the previous page it is possible to press F1 button; to pass to the next page it is possible to press F5 button. 25

25 Rapid insertion Distances, angles, height differences and azimuth can be normally inserted in the fields simply by digitizing the value but some fast methods exist, that simplify the insertion of such values. In order to insert the distance between two points it is sufficient to insert the name of the two points separated by the character - ; as soon as the cursor is out of the input field, the tool will calculate the distance between the two points and will insert it in the field. Another method is to use the local menu associated to the input field and select the item Select from CAD; from the graphic window select the two points to use to calculate the distance. Then, using the local menu, it is also possible to specify a distance by indicating the points to be measured from the table; select from local menu the item Select from table. Indicate on the table the first point to measure and confirm, then select the second point and confirm. What has just been illustrated for the distance is valid also for the insertion of azimuth and height differences. On the contrary, to insert the angle between three points, it is sufficient to insert the name of the three points, separated by the character - ; as soon as the cursor is out of the input field, the tool will calculate the angle between the three points, taking the second point as the centre of the angle. By using the input field local menu or from the table. the three points can be specified in the graphic window If the values to be inserted are derived from a calculation, this can be performed by activating, from local menu, PowerTopoCE scientific calculator. For further information see paragraph Calculator on page 28. Virtual keyboard A virtual keyboard is a dialog box displaying a set of buttons that stand for the traditional keys of a common keyboard. The purpose of a virtual keyboard is to simplify the insertion of data into devices that are not equipped with a normal keyboard. A virtual keyboard can be retrieved from any window or input field by pressing or button. button 26

26 The keyboard can be displayed in either alphabetical or numeric mode; the tool sets automatically the correct mode, according to the kind of input field (numeric or not). It is possible to pass from a mode to another by the following buttons: displays alphabetical keyboard. displays numeric keyboard. displays symbols keyboard. In order to confirm the value inserted press button. The value digitized will be inserted in the current input field. Calculator PowerTopoCE integrates a scientific calculator that can be retrieved directly from some input fields by using a local menu. The value calculated is automatically displayed as the value inserted in the input field. The cal culator can also be retrieved from PowerTopoCE menu: select the item Job and then Calculator. Digitize the formula to be calculated and press button. The tool will calculate the result and put the formula in the list situated on the upper side of the table. By selecting a previous formula the tool recalculates the result. Help on line PowerTopoCE is equipped with an integrated help on line accessible from the main menu by selecting the item Help. 27

27 Work management This chapter analyses in detail different aspects concerning work creation and management, such as data import and export, links with external files, data transfer between device and PC. Moreover, it specifies the data created by the tool and the techniques adopted to prevent the loss of data due to accidental factors. Work file Every work created by PowerTopoCE consists of at least two files: a work file containing the whole information and the so called RAW file. The work file is a binary file with work name and. TCE extension; it contains work data, settings, drawings, references to external works. On the contrary, the RAW file is an ASCII file with work name and.raw extension; it is generated automatically on creating the work and it is essentially a log file recording all the operations which create or modify points. PowerTopoCE never reads data from the RAW file but uses it only for writing. The purpose of the raw file is double: it can be used to rebuild the work file if this has been lost for some reason and it can be used by some other software to read the work data. Other important files are those represented by the libraries of the survey codes, saved in the tool main folder with COD extension. How to create a work In order to create a new work select the item File from the main menu and then the item New/Open. Press New button. 28

28 Enter the name of the work to be created and the possible descriptions. Use button to select the folder where to save the work. It is possible to create the new work by using a start model containing, for example, specific settings and work parameters. The models available are listed in Model list; to create a work according to a specific model, select it from the list or select <None>. For information on how to create a model refer to the paragraph How to open a work on page 31. Press Next button to go on defining the information concerning the new work. If the folder set is not situated in a permanent memory area the tool informs the user about it. WARNING! Please select a folder situated in a permanent memory area of the device or of a memory card. In case of a system reset the files that are not situated in a permanent memory area could be lost. 29

29 In this window it is possible to set the code library to use during the survey. Select from the list the library to use or select <None>. Press End to stop the process that creates a new work. The tool asks whether to pass automatically to the creation of the first station. Answer Yes if you are positioned on the first station and the connection with the instruments has already been set and checked. WARNING! When using PowerTopoCE it is not necessary to save work data, since PowerTopoCE saves automatically every change made on the data; in this way, at all events (battery exhaustion, accidental turning off, etc.) no information will be lost and it will be possible to resume the work exactly from the point where it had been interrupted. The tool saves the survey data also in the RAW file and it is also equipped with an automatic save system which intervenes at intervals definable by the user and performs a backup of the files. For information concerning the automatic backup see the chapter Settings and preferences on page

30 How to open a work To open an existing work select the item File from the main menu and then the item New/Open. This window lists the works available in the folder selected. To modify the current folder press button. Select the file to open and press Open button. From this window it is possible to open other kinds of files as BAK file or RAW file. Select the kind of file to load from the list File type: PowerTopoCE: PowerTopoCE BAK: PowerTopoCE RAW: work files. BAK files of a work, resulting from the automatic backup. By selecting this option the BAK files contained in the current folder will be displayed. By opening a BAK file the tool prompts for a confirmation and for the name to set to the work the BAK file will restore. For the settings concerning the backup see the chapter Settings and preferences on page 59. RAW files of a work. By selecting this option the RAW files contained in the current folder will be displayed. By opening RAW file the tool informs that a conversion of the RAW file into a work file is going to be performed and prompts for the name to set to the new work. How to save a work with a different name To create a copy of the current work with a new name select the item File from the main menu and then the item Save as. A dialog box asks to indicate the new name to set to the work and the folder where to save it. Press OK to perform a copy of the file. Warning! The tool goes on working not on the original file but on the file with the new name. 31

31 How to create a model The command Save as can be used also to create a work model to use on creating new works. From the dialog box which prompts for the new name to set to the work, select the item PowerTopoCE Model from Type list. A model file will be created in the tool main folder. Importation In order to import data with other formats into PowerTopoCE work it is possible to use the Import function available by selecting the item File from the main menu. It is possible to import coordinates from ASCII files and drawings from DXF files. Importing coordinates from ASCII files Select the option Coordinates from ASCII file and press Next button. Press Browse button to select the file to load. Specify the data included in the ASCII file and their sequence: from the list on the left select the data contained in the ASCII file one by one and press button. 32

32 The datum will be added to the list on the right. ** Ignore ** field can be used for those values which, even if contained in the ASCII file, must not be imported. After defining the fields and their order, press Next button. Select the character delimiting the different fields inside the ASCII file. It is also possible to exclude from importation the first lines. The table shows the preview of the final result of the importation. Press End button to start the importation. During the importation the tool verifies, for each point to import, whether the work already contains a point with the same name; if a point with the same name already exists and has exactly the same coordinates, the point will be ignored. Vice versa, if the point exists but has different coordinates, a window will appear, by which to choose among different options before going on. 33

33 The window says that the point is already in the file and asks whether the existing point has to be replaced by the new one. The possible options are the following: Yes: Yes all: No: No all: Rename: All: the existing point is deleted and the new point is imported. the existing point is deleted and the new point is imported; this choice will be applied also to the other points already existing in the work file. the point is not imported and the existing point is maintained. the point is not imported and the existing point is maintained; this choice will be applied also to the other points already existing in the work file. imports the point setting the name proposed in Start from input field. imports the point setting the name proposed in Start from input field; this choice will be applied also to the other points already existing in the work file. Compare coordinates: opens a dialog box displaying the coordinates of the existing point and of the point to import. Stop importing: interrupts the importation of points Importation of DXF files Select the option DXF file and press Next button. Press Browse button to select the file to load. Wait until the importation of the DXF file has been carried out. The tool imports the following DXF entities: layer, line types, lines, polylines, arcs, circles, texts. The complete drawing is imported in the work, so it is not just a link to an external file. 34

34 Exportation In order to export data with other formats into PowerTopoCE work it is possible to use the Export function available by selecting the item File from the main menu. It is possible to export coordinates and measures into ASCII files, survey drawing into DXF files. Exporting coordinates or measures from ASCII files Select the option Coordinates to ASCII file to export the coordinates or the option Measures to ASCII file to export the measures; press Next button. Press Browse button to specify the name and the path of the file to create. Specify the data to be exported into the ASCII file and their sequence: from the list on the left select one by one the kind of data to export and press button. The datum will be added to the list on the right. After defining the fields and their order, press Next button. 35

35 Select the character to use to delimit the different fields in the ASCII file. Press End button to start exportation. Exporting a drawing into DXF file Select the option DXF File and press Next button. In this window set the following parameters: DXF by drawing: DXF by work: Text height: Export DXF 3D: by activating this option, the points available in the work are exported as AutoCAD POINT entities; point data (name, code, elevation, description) are exported as texts. by activating this option, the points available in the work are exported as AutoCAD blocks with attributes; attributes are point data (name, code, elevation, description). height of the labels (name, code, elevation, etc.) of topographic point texts. activate this option to generate a 3D DXF; deactivate this option to generate a 2D DXF. Press Next button. Specify name of the DXF to create and storage path. 36

36 Linking external works By this command it is possible to link, as external references, both works performed with PowerTopoCE and raster images. When a PowerTopoCE work is linked as external reference, the tool loads the points and the drawing of the linked work and makes it possible to manage these data in the current drawing; the data of the linked work are loaded from the original file every time the work is opened, but they are never saved in the current drawing. Only the path to the file to be linked is saved in the work. The points of the linked works are displayed in the table of coordinates with the points of the current drawing and the drawing is displayed in the graphic window with the data of the current drawing. It is not possible to modify the points or the drawing of a linked work; points and drawing can be used as reference for survey, staking, etc. All the graphic data of the linked PowerTopoCE work are assigned to the same layer: REF-EXT followed by the name of the work. The points of a linked work can be used, for example, as reference points for the orientation of the station in the current drawing; otherwise, the drawing of a work can be linked to different works of geometry annotation. At any moment it is possible to make the data of the linked works invisible or remove the connection. To link PowerTopoCE works or raster images to the current work, select the item Job from the main menu and then the item Maps. How to link a work or a raster image To link PowerTopoCE works or raster images to the current work, press Add button; a dialog box will make it possible to indicate the file to link. From Type list select the kind of file to link: PowerTopoCE: BMP: PNG: TIF: PowerTopoCE work BMP format images PNG format images TIF format images The file selected is added to the table. 37

37 How to make visible a job or a raster image In order to change, inside the graphic window, the status of visibility of a linked work or of a raster image it is sufficient to click on the corresponding table line; the file will be visible in case the cell is selected, invisible in the opposite situation. All on and All off buttons make it possible to make all the linked files either visible or invisible. How to change the display order of the files selected To change the order by which the linked files (PowerTopoCE works and images) are displayed in the graphic window it is sufficient to select from the table the file to move and use Move up and Move down buttons until the desired position is reached. The files will be displayed according to the table order; the first table file will be displayed first, the last in the list will be the last to be displayed. Remove link to a work or a raster image In order to remove the link to a PowerTopoCE work or to a raster image it is sufficient to select the corresponding table line and press Delete button. Deleting a work In order to delete a PowerTopoCE work select the item Delete job from File menu. The tool asks to indicate the name of the work to be deleted and the folder where it is positioned. If the request to confirm the deletion of the file selected is answered affirmatively, the tool will delete all the work files; work file, RAW file and BAK file will be deleted. Work transfer PowerTopoCE is equipped with an autonomous protocol for the transfer of files by PC through a serial cable. In order to allow the transfer, it is necessary to have one of the softwares listed below installed in the PC. DL-02: Topko: SierraSoft freeware software allowing the connection to field data recorders and transfer of data from field data recorder to PC and vice versa. Moreover, DL-02 offers a simple procedure of survey calculation as well as different procedures of data import and export. DL-02 can also be used for the transfer of survey data from PowerTopoCE to PC and vice versa. Topko is SierraSoft topography software for Microsoft Windows operating system PCs. Topko is available in different configurations; to allow the connection with PowerTopoCE it is necessary to possess Topko, T module, Numeric topography in particular. For further information concerning Topko functions and features see SierraSoft internet site: WARNING! To allow the transfer of data from DL-02 to PowerTopoCE it is necessary to connect the two devices by a serial cable. 38

38 DL-02 setup DL-02 can be installed by the CD supplied with the tool. Insert the CD in the drive so as to activate a window allowing to have access to some supplementary resources, among which DL-02 setup. Prepare PowerTopoCE for data transfer In order to perform the transfer of data from PowerTopoCE to PC and vice versa, select File menu and then the item Transfer from PowerTopoCE menu. Choose the COM port connecting the serial cable with the device and press Next. Press button to select the folder containing the works to transfer and to receive from DL-02. Leave PowerTopoCE in this condition as long as the transfer of data has been completed. 39

39 Prepare DL-02 for data transfer In order to perform the transfer of data with PowerTopoCE, select data as follows: button and set the Choose the COM port connecting the serial cable to the display and press OK to confirm the settings. 40

40 How to transfer works from PowerTopoCE to DL-02 From DL-02 main window select button: Open work list from Work name check box. After some seconds the PowerTopoCE works available in the folder selected will appear; select the work to be downloaded and press Download button. When the transfer has been performed, the table of measures and coordinates will display the data of the work that has been transferred. 41

41 How to transfer works from DL-02 to PowerTopoCE Coordinates can be transferred from DL-02 to PowerTopoCE only if they have already been loaded manually or by importation procedures. From the main window select button: Set the name of the work to create in PowerTopoCE folder and then press Load button. At the end of the process a PowerTopoCE format file will be available in the folder selected in PowerTopoCE, which can be opened and used. 42

42 How to import PowerTopoCE format data into DL-02 If a PC contains a PowerTopoCE format file this can easily be imported into DL-02 by selecting button. From the window now appearing select the item Field data recorder file and press Next. Select the PowerTopoCE format file to import and press Import button. At the end of the transfer the data of the work that has been imported will be available in the table of measures and coordinates. 43

43 How to export from DL-02 PowerTopoCE format data In order to generate a PowerTopoCE format file from DL-02 on your PC select button. From the window now appearing select the item Field data recorder files and press Next. Indicate the path and the name to assign to the file to be exported and press Export button. 44

44 How to transfer data from PowerTopoCE to Topko In order to transfer data from PowerTopoCE to Topko select File menu and then the Topko item Field data recorder. From the window now appearing select the item Direct import from field data recorder. Set the window as follows: Press Change button to set communication parameters: 45

45 Choose the COM port connecting the serial cable to the device and set the parameters as indicated in the window. Press OK to confirm. In the window above set the name of the PowerTopoCE format file to create on the PC and choose, from the list Job name, the PowerTopoCE work to import. Press Next. At the end of the process Topko will have imported all the data of PowerTopoCE work: measures, coordinates, drawing. 46

46 How to transfer works from Topko to PowerTopoCE In order to transfer data from Topko to PowerTopoCE select File menu and then the Topko item Field data recorder. From the window now appearing select the item Direct export on field data recorder. Set the window as follows: Set the name of the PowerTopoCE format file to be created in the PC and the name this work will have in PowerTopoCE folder. Press Next to start the exportation of PowerTopoCE format data and for their transfer on the device. At the end of the process the folder selected in PowerTopoCE will contain the PowerTopoCE format file that can be opened and used; the file will contain data referred to the current survey subproject and to the current drawing subproject. 47

47 How to import PowerTopoCE format data into Topko If a PC contains a PowerTopoCE format file, this can easily be imported into Topko by selecting the item Field data recorder from File menu. From the window now appearing select the item Import topographic instruments format file and press Next. Press Browse button to select the PowerTopoCE format file to load; then press Load button. At the end of the process Topko will have imported all the data of PowerTopoCE work: measures, coordinates, drawing. 48

48 How to export PowerTopoCE format data from Topko In order to generate on your PC a PowerTopoCE format file from Topko select the item Field data recorder from File menu. From the window now appearing select the item Export topographic instruments format file. Indicate the path and the name to assign to the file to export, then press Export button. 49

49 Information about the work This command provides for some general information concerning the current work and allows to display the content of the RAW file. To open this window select the item Job from the main menu and then the item Info. The first page, info, illustrates some data of the work, such as name, folder, code library used, file size, date of creation and modification; it also provides for information concerning the number of points and measures as well as the name of the first and last point measured. Finally, it reports the total memory and the amount of the available one. The second page, Raw file, shows the content of the RAW file. 50

50 Information about PowerTopoCE This command provides for some information concerning the PowerTopoCE version being used. The window reports the name of the user who registered the program and a table reporting some information concerning tool version, database version and the versions of the main libraries used. 51

51 Configure instruments Configuration of instruments on Pentax W-800 In case PowerTopoCE is used on Pentax W-800 total station it is not possible to create other instrument configurations. By pressing the button marked by icon, and situated atop PowerTopoCE main window, it is possible to open Pentax W-800 configuration window. From this window it is possible to change different working parameters of the total station; configuration parameters are distributed in 3 pages. On the first page the following parameters are available: EDM mode: Electronic Distance Meter; it is possible to choose among the followingoptions: Precise High-speed Standard Tracking Quick measure: allow to activate quick measure Target type: the kind target used to carry out the measurement; it is possible to choose among the following options: Sheet Prism Reflectorless Reflectorless (long range) Long Range message: if active, a warning message appears before a measure starts in Reflectorless Long Range mode. Prism constant (mm): value of the constant of the prism used. Such field appears only if the configuration window is activated from the window of free measurements. See chapter How to perform free measures. Remember that it is possible to change quickly EDM working mode by using button or by using Manage targets. keyboard 52

52 The second page contains the following parameters: Compensator: configuration of total station compensator. Shots count: number of reading to be performed at every measurement. An average value will be used, that has been obtained from all the measures taken. Laser pointer: this option activates the display of a laser pointer. Plumb laser: this option activates the station plumb laser. The third page contains the following parameters: Refraction / Curvature correction: correction factor of refraction and terrestrial curvature; it is possible to choose among the following options: No correction AUTOMATIC atmospheric correction: this option activates the automatic correction of measures by the total station by using an atmospheric sensor. Auto Power OFF: options of total station and EDM automatic power off. Setup: this button appears only if configuration window is activated from free measurements window and allows to change some of the window display parameters such as number of decimals and measure units to use. 53

53 Configure instruments This chapter shows how to configure PowerTopoCE so as to let it communicate with the topographic instruments and then not only command the reading of angles and distances but also set specific work modes of the instruments. By PowerTopoCE it is possible to create different configurations of instruments, so the tool can be used with the instruments available in the office, without having to reset communication and work parameters every time the instruments change. PowerTopoCE supports the most widespread topographic instrument brands and models. If your set of instruments is not among these models, please contact your local distributor of Pentax products or Pentax technical support. The management of the instruments can be activated from icon, displayed on the upper side of PowerTopoCE main window. From the pull down menu select the item Instruments setup. The table reports the list of the configurations created by PowerTopoCE. Create a new configuration In order to create a new configuration press New button: 54

54 In this window it is possible to set the following data: Name: Brand: Model: Freq. Upd.: name that describes the configuration. instruments brand. the models supported are listed according to the brand selected. it is the frequency with which the tool queries the total station to obtain the current angular values; such values are displayed numerically in the window where survey measures are performed and under the form of a vector in the graphic window; basically, the graphic window displays uninterruptedly the instrument current direction. To exclude this work mode select the item None. Warning. Some instruments are not fast enough to supply the current angular values. In this case, setting too low updating frequencies could cause the tool bad working both on using the graphic window and on carrying out the survey. Therefore, please set this value very carefully. Port: Baud: Parity: Data: Stop: name of the device serial port to use to communicate with the total station. transmission speed. kind of parity to use in the transmission. number of data bits. number of stop bits. Warning. Baud, Parity, Data and Stop parameters must be exactly those used by the instruments. By Settings button it is possible to perform some specific settings referred to the instrument selected. Some instruments do not provide for any kind of supplementary settings while others allow to set, for example, EDM use mode or other work parameters. How to make a configuration current In order to make one of the table configurations current it is sufficient to select it from the list and press Current button. Icon will shift to the configuration selected. For some instruments the tool checks immediately whether the total station is connected and if it answers to commands; for other instruments this is not possible, so it is necessary to test the actual working by one of the survey commands, such as Free measures command (see chapter Survey on page 113) How to modify a configuration To modify one of the configurations it is sufficient to select it from the table and press Modify button or Enter button from the device keyboard (if available). The same window will appear, with which the configuration has been created; modify data and press confirmation button. How to delete a configuration In order to delete a configuration it is sufficient to select it from the table and press Delete button. The configuration selected must not be the current one. 55

55 Settings and preferences This chapter illustrates the operations that can be set in order to check the tool working in every phase. Settings refer to the current work and not to the tool in general. In order to open settings dialog box select the item Job from the main menu and then the item Setup. The dialog box is made up of different pages containing the different setting options. Select the page desired using and buttons or the list in the middle. Confirmation button saves the modifications in the current work and makes them immediately effective; cancel button will save none of the changes made. General By this page it is possible to perform the following settings: 56

56 Numeric Codes: this option controls the kind of virtual keyboard appearing when a survey code has to be typed in; if the option is active the numeric keyboard will appear, if not the alphabetical keyboard will appear. Beep on point saving: if it is selected, the tool will give out a beep every time a new survey point is created. Display keyboard: enables the use of the virtual keyboard. Autosave every: enables the automatic saving. It is possible to set an interval of some minutes between an automatic saving and the following one. The automatic saving performs automatically a copy of the work file and of the RAW file. To open the file of an automatic saving it is sufficient to use the standard command that opens a work, specifying PowerTopoCE BAK in File type section list. For further information on how to open a BAK file refer to paragraph How to open a work on page 31. Units of measurement This page makes it possible to set the units of measurement used by the tool. Units for distances: Units for angles: Azimuth type: Units for slope: unit of measurement of distances expressed in metres or feet. unit of measurement of angles expressed in centesimal Degrees, decimal Degrees and Degrees / Minutes / Seconds. defines the position and the direction of azimuth directions. representation mode of slopes as ratio between height and base or as percentage value. 57

57 Format By this page it is possible to set the degree of precision according to which to display the different values managed by the tool. Coordinates: Distances: Angles: Stations: Elevations: Areas: Slopes: Type Degrees/min/sec: Type stations: number of decimals for coordinates. number of decimals for distances. number of decimals for angles. number of decimals for stations. number of decimals for elevations. number of decimals for areas. number of decimals for slopes. representation mode of angles if in Unit page Degrees/min/sec has been chosen as angles unit of measure. representation mode of stations; Standard mode, by which they are represented as distances, or X+YYY.ZZZ mode. 58

58 Coordinates By this page it is possible to set the coordinates display order and the symbol to use to represent them. Coordinates order: Symbols: it is possible to display the coordinates according to East/North or North/East mode. it is possible to set the symbols to use for any of the coordinates. CAD By this page it is possible to set, most of all, the entities to display in the graphic window. Survey points: displays survey points Point name: displays point name next to the point itself. Point code: displays point code next to the point itself. Point elevation: displays point elevation next to the point itself. Measures: displays measure lines from station to points. Control points: displays control points. Parcels: displays cadastral parcels. 59

59 Drawing: displays the work drawing elements. Drawing mono: displays drawing elements with one colour. The colour can be selected from the item Monochrome map colour. External maps: displays the external files linked to the current work. Points with symbol: displays the points with a symbol the survey code has set on them. Linetypes: displays lines with their line type; otherwise, all the lines are displayed as continuous lines. Drawing from codes: displays the drawing resulting automatically from the survey by using codes. Line type scale: global scale factor to use to represent line types. Colour monochrome map: colour to use to represent the drawing if Drawing mono option has been selected. To change the colour, click on the coloured area and then select the colour from the dialog box now appearing. 60

60 Survey From this page it is possible to set some options regulating the mode by which point survey operations are carried out. Prompt for Codes/Desc.: by activating this option, before registering the measure, the tool displays a window that asks to specify the code and the description to set to the point. This window appears only if you press Measure button, while it does not appear if you press Meas.&Reg. button. Prompt for prism height: by activating this option, before registering the measure, the tool displays a window that asks to specify the prism height. This window appears only if you press Measure button, while it does not appear if you press Meas.&Reg. button. Prompt for layer: by activating this option, before registering the measure, the tool displays a window that asks to specify the layer where to save the point. This window appears only if you press Measure button, while it does not appear if you press Meas.&Reg. button. Create new codes: by activating this option the tool verifies whether the code typed in is already included in the survey code table linked to the work. If the code is not present a window will ask whether to insert the code in the current list of survey codes. Tolerances: in this group it is possible to set the tolerances the tool must use during the survey. For example, direct and reversed measures are used to make sure that between the direct measure and the reversed measure there are no differences exceeding the tolerance set; in case the tolerance is exceeded, the user will be informed by the tool. Backsight Angle: by this option it is possible to decide what value to set to the total station horizontal angle when a station is oriented towards a known point or a previous station. Possible options are the following: Not set: by this option the total station horizontal angle is not modified. Set 0: by this option the tool sets on 0 the total station angle before performing prism measure. The angles of the points surveyed later will then be referred to orientation point. Set to azimuth: by this option the tool sets the total station angle to the azimuth value calculated between station and point. In this way, the angles returned by the total station are always azimuth. However, such mode can be modified by the user also during the orientation. 61

61 Staking From this page it is possible to set some options regulating the mode by which point staking operations are performed. Start with fast EDM: by activating this option the tool gets ready to start point stakeout by fast procedure. The tool will set the station to perform faster measures, even if less precise. Prompt for layer: by activating this option, before saving a staked point, the tool displays a window that asks to specify the layer to set to the point. Display Delta before saving: by activating this option, before saving a staking point, the tool displays a window that sums up distance differences between the position of the prism and the point. Distance Tolerance: tolerance distance between the prism and the point to reach. When the prism is within the maximum distance allowed, the tool informs that the position has been reached. Turn station: this option can be applied only to motorized stations; it is possible to choose among the following possibilities: No: station must be turned manually. 3D Auto (HA+VA): station will be automatically turned horizontally and vertically towards the point. 2D Auto (HA): station will be automatically turned horizontally towards the point. Display delta: this option controls the modality by which the tool provides graphic information concerning the position of the prism as to the point to stakeout. Possible modalities are the following: Angle and distance: displays the angular value according to which to move the prism in order to reach station-point direction; it displays also the distance from point. Distances: displays the distance of the prism as to station-point line and then the distance from point. 62

62 Stakeout line: this option allows to change the display of the data calculated. Possible modalities are the following: Dir. St.>Prism. In this case the tool displays the distances to reach the line considering station-prism direction. Dir. Pnt.>Line. In this case the tool displays the shortest distance (perpendicular) to reach the line considering the prism current position. Repetitions In this page it is possible to set the options regulating the mode by which repetitions measurements are performed. Tolerances: tolerances verified by the tool during survey by layer. If in a measure, the angles or the distances exceed the tolerance set, the tool informs the user by a dialog box. Measures sequence: specifies the order according to which measurements are performed. At present, only the following option is available: BS > FS ^ FS > BS: measure on backsight point, measure on foresight point, spyglass reversing, foresight point reversed sight, backsight point reversed sight. Number of sets: number of sets (repetitions) to perform. Measure distance to backsight: if this option is active the tool measures the distance also on backsight point. Measure distance on reversed: if this option is active the tool measures the distance also on reversed sights. Automatic repetition: if this option is active, the tool, after the first orientation sight and the first sight to point, performs automatically the positioning of the station on the points to measure. 63

63 Coefficients In this page it is possible to set all the physical and environmental parameters that can influence coordinate calculation. Temperature: ambient temperature expressed in C. Pressure: ambient pressure expressed in mmb. Refraction Coefficient: if inserted, together with earth radius, it involves adjustment calculation for atmospheric refraction. Standard value k= 0,13. Average elevation: survey average elevation. Used with earth radius value for reduction of distances to sea level. Earth Radius: expressed in metres; if defined, it influences calculation of sphericity, refraction, reduction to sea level. If not defined, it allows no calculation of any. Scale factor: Value used to reduce on a cartographic plane sea level horizontal distance (Gauss-Boaga, Cassini Soldner, Gauss-Kruger, etc.) Use of coefficients in the calculation of coordinates In calculating the coordinates from the measures taken by the instrument the tool can consider the following factors: Earth sphericity Atmospheric refraction Atmospheric pressure temperature reduction of distances to sea level reduction of distances to projection plane Warning. If some of these factors have already been applied by the instruments it is not correct to apply a new correction by PowerTopoCE. 64

64 The sequence of the corrections, provided the slope distance is known, is the following: atmospheric correction, caused by pressure and temperature Real slope distance = ( Incorrect measured distance ) * (1+ ppm*10-6) Where ppm is the atmospheric correction in mm/km. Atmospheric correction = ( * Pressure) / ( * Temperature) in ppm reduction of real slope distance to horizontal distance Horizontal distance in m = Y - A * X * Y Height difference in m = X + B * Y 2 Where: X = (Real slope distance) * Abs (Sin (Vertical angle measured) ) Y = (Real slope distance) * Cos (Vertical angle measured) A = (1 - k / 2) / R = 1.47*10-6 B = (1 - k ) / (2 * R) = 6.83*10-8 K = Refraction coefficient (0.13) R = Earth radius in m( ) reduction to sea level Sea level distance in m = Horizontal distance * (1 Elevation on sea level / Earth radius) Reduction to cartographic plane Distance reduced to cartographic plane = Distance reduced to sea level * Scale factor Files In this page it is possible to define the table of survey codes to be used during the survey and stakeout operations. For further information concerning survey codes refer to Survey codes paragraph on page

65 Graphic CAD PowerTopoCE is equipped with a complete graphic CAD which can display survey data, linked works and raster images. The CAD, moreover, makes it possible to add such drawing elements as lines, arcs, circles, polylines, texts, using also snaps to object. Directly from the graphic window it is also possible to insert new topographic points to use then for staking. All the drawing data can be arranged in layers, with the managements of colours and line types. The graphic window can also display the position of the current station, the position of the prism, the direction used for the orientation and direction of the instruments. The graphic CAD can be retrieved from PowerTopoCE main window by selecting button. Moreover, many dialog boxes are equipped with a button for the direct access to the graphic window. Display The display of a drawing can be modified by the first four toolbar buttons: Zoom all: makes the whole drawing visible. Zoom window: performs a zoom on an area of the drawing. The tool asks to indicate two vertexes of the area to be magnified. Zoom more: magnifies drawing display. Zoom less: reduces drawing display. Zoom on point: allows to perform a direct zoom on the topographic point specified. In order to move the current view it is sufficient to click on the display and, keeping the pen pressed, drag the view towards a new position. View shift can be obtained also by using device keyboard arrows (if available). 66

66 Snap to object Snaps to object reduce the specification of points to precise positions, such as medium point or intersection, of existing objects. Snaps to object allow to find out quickly the exact position of an object without knowing its coordinates or drawing building lines. Osnap to object supported are the following: Extreme: performs the snap to the nearest end point of such objects as lines or arcs. Intersection: performs the snap to the intersection of such objects as lines or arcs. Medium: performs the snap to the medium point of such objects as lines or arcs. Perpendicular: performs the snap to point on an object that forms a normal, that is to say a perpendicular alignment, with another object or with an imaginary extension of that object. Perpendicular snap to object can be used with arcs, circles, lines, polylines. Centre: performs the snap to the centre of an arc or a circle. When a snap to centre is performed, select a visible part of the arc or the circle. Tangent: performs a snap to a point on an arc or a circle that appears to be tangent to another object. Insertion: performs a snap to a text insertion point. Node: performs a snap to a point object. Near: performs a snap to the position that is the nearest to the point selected. None: deactivates snap to object mode. 67

67 How to set and use snaps to object To activate or deactivate a snap to object press button and, from pull down menu, select the item corresponding to the snap to activate/deactivate. Snaps to object can be controlled also by a dialog box allowing to set specific working options. To open the dialog box that controls the snaps to objects, press down menu, select the item Osnap. button and, from the pull In this window it is possible to activate and deactivate different typologies of snap to object but, mostly, it is possible to control two options: Use only snap to object points: by activating this option it is not possible to indicate, on screen, points that do not correspond to a snap to object. Basically, it is not possible to draw, for example, a free line, but only a line that is linked to an already existing object. Confirm snap to object point: when this option is active the tool checks whether a valid snap to object exists for the point indicated. If it exists, the position of the point to be used will appear on screen; if you click on the area indicated by the tool the snap calculated will be used, otherwise it is necessary to start again by indicating the point to link again. How to insert data in the graphic window Different commands available in the graphic window require the insertion of such data as point names, texts, sizes, etc. In these cases, a toolbar appears in the graphic window, which allows to insert the values required. The command line is similar to the following: An input field allows to insert the value required while the two buttons and allow either to confirm the value inserted and go on, or to stop the command. 68

68 Moreover, different commands require to specify a topographic point; it is possible either to indicate this point on screen, by clicking on it, or to type in its name on command line. When a point is required, if you click on it and other topographic points are situated nearby, the tool will list in a table all the points available near the point indicated: Select from the list the point desired and then press confirmation button. Drawing commands The graphic CAD is equipped with commands allowing to insert drawing points, parcels as well as to draw lines, polylines, arcs, circles, texts. The objects drawn will be inserted in the current layer. Inserting a topographic point To insert a new topographic point press Topographic point. button and, from pull down menu, select the item The tool asks to indicate the position of the point on the graphic window: click with the pen on the position required. 69

69 The window is composed of two pages: Point and Properties. In Point page it is possible to define the name to set to the point and the coordinates obtained from the graphic window are displayed. Moreover, it is possible to set a code and a description. Option Control point allows to identify the new point as reference point. From Properties page it is possible to choose the layer to set the new point to, as well as the colour. The tool displays automatically the layer corresponding to the code set to the point; however, the layer can be selected either by pull down menu or by Layer button, retrieving layer management window. Layer window makes it possible to create new layers or modify the properties (colour and line type) of the existing ones. After selecting the layer, the tool proposes a colour assigned to the layer; to assign the point a colour that is different from layer by colour it is sufficient to click on the panel that reports the colour. From the dialog box now appearing it is possible to choose the colour desired by deactivating the option Colour By Layer. Press confirmation button to save the new point. How to insert a cadastral parcel To insert a cadastral parcel press button and, from pull down menu, select the item Parcel. On command line the tool asks to specify the name to set to the parcel. Later on, it will asks to specify the topographic points delimiting it. When the parcel start vertex is indicated again the command will interrupt automatically. How to draw orthogonal polylines To insert a drawing line or polyline press Line or Polyline. button and, from pull down menu, select the item The tool asks to indicate the points among which to build the line or polyline; it is possible either to indicate the point on screen or to retrieve a topographic point by entering in its name on command line. To stop the drawing press button. 70

70 The tool asks to indicate the points among which to build the line or polyline; it is possible either to indicate the point on screen or to retrieve a topographic point by entering in its name on command line. To stop the drawing press button. How to draw orthogonal polylines To insert a polyline with segments that are orthogonal to each other as to a predefined alignment press the item and, from pull down menu, select the item Polyline Ortho. The tool asks to indicate the two points that form the reference alignment; it is possible either to indicate the points on screen or to retrieve the topographic points by entering in their name on command line. Once the reference alignment has been indicated, the command line will change as follows: The tool asks to indicate the position of the next point as to the first reference point; the next point can be indicated in two ways: Manual and from Graphic. Manual Specify, on command line, the segment length and direction. Direction can be controlled by clicking on button, which can change its status into and if you click on it. the segment is inserted along the direction of the reference alignment. the segment is inserted towards the left of the reference alignment. the segment is inserted towards the right of the reference alignment. Press button to confirm the segment insertion; the tool goes on, allowing to specify the following segments. To stop the drawing press. Graphic The following point can be indicated directly in the graphic window. Since it is necessary to create perpendicular segments, the tool creates two segments, perpendicular to each other from the start point to the point indicated. Since the paths are two, the tool chooses the path according to the status of button: the tool creates a line along the current alignment and then a perpendicular line to reach the point indicated. the tool creates a line that is perpendicular to the current alignment and then a second line to reach the point indicated. To stop the drawing press button. How to draw arcs and circles by 3 points To insert an arc or a circle by three points press Arc 3P or Circle 3P. and, from pull down menu, select the item The tool asks to specify the 3 points by which the circumference to draw passes; it is possible either to indicate the point on screen or to retrieve the topographic point by entering in its name on command line. To stop the drawing press button. 71

71 How to draw circles In order to draw a circle with a defined radius, press the item Circle. button and, from pull down menu, select The tool asks to indicate the circle centre; it is possible either to indicate the point on screen or to retrieve a topographic point by entering in its name on command line. Then, on command line, the tool asks to specify the radius to use to draw the circle. How to insert texts To insert a text press button and, from pull down menu, select the item Text. The tool asks to indicate the text insertion point; it is possible either to indicate the point on screen or to retrieve a topographic point by entering in its name on command line. Then, on command line, the tool asks to specify the text rotation angle; direction can be given also by selecting a point on the graphic window: the tool will use as direction the angle between the insertion point and the point indicated. A window will then appear, allowing to insert the text and to set other properties. The window is composed of two pages: Text and Properties. In Text page it is possible to define text to insert, character height, width factor and direction angle. 72

72 From Properties page it is possible to select the layer to assign text and colour to. The layer can be selected from pull down menu but it is also possible to retrieve layer management window by Layer button. By layer window it is possible to create new layers or modify the properties (colour and line type) of already existing layers. After selecting the layer, the tool proposes a colour associated to it; in order to set to the point another colour, different from the colour by layer, it is sufficient to click on the panel reporting the colour. From the dialog box now appearing it is possible to choose the colour desired by deactivating the option Colour by layer. Press confirmation button to save the text. Layers Layers are the CAD main organizational structure and allow to gather information according to function as well as to define line type, colour and other standards. It is possible to reduce the visual complexity of a drawing and improve display performances by checking the number of displayed or hidden objects. For example, it is possible to use layers to modify the visibility of similar objects. Layer management can be activated by pressing selecting Layers button. button and, from pull down menu, by The table lists all the layers available and, for each layer, it displays name, visibility, colour and line type. 73

73 Create a new layer In order to create a new layer press New button. Name: name of the layer to be created. Linetype: name of the linetype to associate to the layer. Select the kind of line from the list or press Linetype button. A window will appear, reporting the list of the different linetypes available. From File pull down menu select the library of the different linetypes to display. Select from the list the linetype desired. 74

74 Colour: colour associated to layers. To change the colour click on the coloured area and then select the colour from the dialog box now appearing. Layer Visible: specifies whether the entities associated to the layer will be displayed in the graphic window or not. How to modify a layer In order to modify an existing layer select it from layer table and then press Modify button or press Enter button on device keyboard (if available). The same window will appear, where the layer was created; modify data and press confirmation button. How to make a layer current In order to make a layer the current one, select it from layer table and press Current button. The icon will move to the layer selected. How to change the layers visibility In order to change a layer visibility status it is sufficient to select it from the table and then press On/Off button. If the layer was off it will be turned on, if it was on it will be turned off. All On and All Off buttons allow to turn on and turn off all the layers. 75

75 CAD settings Among the work general settings there are some concerning the graphic CAD and allowing to make entities visible/invisible as well as to check different display parameters. It is possible to have access to CAD settings directly from the graphic window, by pressing button and from pull down menu, by selecting the item CAD Properties. This page mainly allows to set the entities to be displayed in the graphic window. Survey points: displays survey points. Point name: displays the point name beside the point itself. Point code: displays the point code beside the point itself. Point elevation: displays the point elevation beside the point itself. Measures: displays measure lines from station to points. Control points: displays control points. Parcels: displays cadastral parcels. Drawing: displays the work drawing elements. Drawing mono: displays the drawing elements by a single colour. The colour can be selected from the item Colour Monochrome map. External maps: displays the external files linked to the current work. Points with symbol: displays the points with the symbol the survey code has assigned them. Linetypes: displays the lines with their linetype; otherwise all the lines are displayed as continuous lines. Drawing codes: displays the drawing resulting automatically from the survey by the use of codes. Linetype Scale: global scale factor to be used to represent linetypes. Colour monochrome map: colour to be used to represent the drawing if the option Drawing Mono has been selected. To change the colour click on the coloured area and then select the colour from the dialog box. 76

76 Modify object properties The drawing objects can be modified in their main properties, such as layer, colour, linetype. As far as some kinds of objects, like topographic points and texts it is possible to modify also their specific properties. To modify an object press button and, from pull down menu, select the item Object Properties. Select the object from the graphic window; a window will appear, reporting the object properties. From the window it is possible to choose the layer to associate object, linetype and colour to. Layer: a layer can be selected from the pull down menu or it is possible to retrieve layer manager window from Layer button. Layer window allows to create new layers or modify the properties (colour and linetype) of already existing layers. Linetype: linetype can be selected from pull down menu or it is possible to retrieve linetype manager from Linetype button. Linetype window allows to select the linetype desired. Linetype scale: scale factor of the selected object used to represent the linetype. Colour: the colour of the object can either depend on the object layer or be independent. in order to set to the object another colour, different from the colour by layer, it is sufficient to click on the panel reporting the colour. From the dialog box now appearing it is possible to choose the colour desired by deactivating the option Colour by layer. Press confirmation button to save the changes made on the object. 77

77 Delete objects In order to delete drawing elements press button and, from pull down menu, select the item Delete. Select the objects to delete and press confirmation button on command line. Objects can be selected singularly, by clicking on each of them, or by specifying opposite angles, so as to define a rectangular area. After specifying the first of the opposing angles it is possible to: Indicate the second angle from left to right, creating a selection window. Only the objects completely inside the rectangular window will be selected. Indicate the second angle from right to left to create a selection by intersection. Only the objects completely inside the window or intersecting it will be selected. Warning. Delete command allows the cancellation merely of drawing objects belonging to the current work; it is not possible to delete points of the current work or objects of linked drawings. Information about the drawing The graphic CAD offers a set of commands to obtain information from the drawing; some commands are available, which measure distances, areas, angles and return point coordinates. How to identify a point In order to know exactly the coordinates of a point, press button and select the item ID Point. Select a topographic point from the graphic window; a dialog box will appear, reporting the information concerning the point indicated. How to measure distances In order to measure the distance between two points, press button and select the item Distance. Indicate the two points to measure; a dialog box will appear, reporting the infor mation concerning the coordinates of the two points, 2D and 3D distance, height difference, zenith and slope. To measure the distance between a topographic point and a drawing object, press button and select the item Dist. Point-Object. The tool asks to indicate the topographic point from which to measure the distance and then the drawing object; the distance between the point and the object will be displayed, then a dialog box will appear, reporting the information concerning the coordinates of the two points, 2D and 3D distance, height difference, azimuth, zenith and slope. How to measure an angle In order to measure an angle between three points, press button and select the item Angle. The tool asks to specify first the centre of the angle and then the two points determining it; a dialog box will appear, reporting the coordinates of the three points and the angle between them. 78

78 How to measure areas In order to measure an area surrounded by a set of points press button and select the item Area. The tool asks to indicate the points delimiting the area to calculate; to stop the selection of points press command from command line. A window will appear, showing area, perimeter and barycentre of the surface indicated. To measure the area of a circle or of a closed polyline press button and select the item Object area. The tool asks to indicate the object to measure; a window will appear, reporting the area and the perimeter of the object selected. How to link external works PowerTopoCE allows to link, as external references, both works performed by PowerTopoCE and raster images. When another PowerTopoCE work is linked as external reference, the tool loads the points and the drawing of the linked work and allows to manage such data inside the current work; each time the work is opened, the linked work data are loaded by the original file but they are never saved in the current work. Only the reference (path) to the file to link is saved in the work. The points of the linked works are displayed in the table of coordinates together with the points of the current work and the drawing is displayed in the graphic window together with the data of the current work. It is not possible to modify the points or the drawing of a linked work; the points and the drawing can be used as references for survey, staking, etc. All the graphic data of the linked PowerTopoCE work are set to the same layer, REF-EXT- followed by the name of the work. The points of an external work can be used, for example, as reference points to orient the station in the current work; the drawing of a work can otherwise be linked to different staking works. In any moment it is possible either to make linked works data invisible or remove the link. In order to link to the current work some PowerTopoCE works or raster images, press button and, from pull down menu, select the item Maps. 79

79 How to link a work or a raster image To link the current work a PowerTopoCE work or a raster image, press Add button; a dialog box will allow to indicate the file to link. Select from Type list the kind of file to link: PowerTopoCE: BMP: PNG: JPEG: TIF: PowerTopoCE work BMP format images PNG format images JPG format images TIF format images The file selected will be added to the table. How to make a work or a raster image visible or invisible In order to change the display status of a linked work or a raster image inside the graphic window it is sufficient to click on the corresponding table line; the file will be visible if the cell has been selected, invisible in the opposite case. Buttons All On and All Off allow to make visible and invisible all the linked files. How to change the display order of linked files In order to change the sequence according to which linked files (PowerTopoCE works and images) are displayed in the graphic window it is sufficient to select from the table the file to move and use Move Up and Move down buttons until the desired position is reached. Files will be displayed according to the table order; the first file in the table will be displayed first, the last file in the list will be the last to be displayed. How to remove the link to a work or a raster image In order to remove the link to a PowerTopoCE work or a raster image it is sufficient to select the corresponding table line and press Delete button. 80

80 Data management: Measures and Points This chapter shows how to manage data concerning the points measured and the measures performed on field; such information is managed by using tables that list data and allow, if necessary, their partial or full modification. Points Table In order to open the table of topographic points select the item Job from the main menu and then the item Points. The table reports a list of all the points available in the work. By Display item it is possible to apply a filter to the points to be displayed in the table; besides all the points, it is possible to see only the stations, only the control points or only the survey points. By its side each point reports an icon specifying what it stands for or the way it has been obtained; the following icons can be displayed: indicates that the point was used as reference to orient the current station. indicates that the point was created by PowerTopoCE COGO functions. indicates that the point is a control point. indicates that the point was inserted manually. indicates a survey point measured by total station. indicates that the point is the last point measured. indicates a staking point. indicates a station. indicates the current station. 81

81 How to create a new point In order to create a new point press New button. The window is composed of two pages: Point and Properties. In Point page it is possible to define a name to set to the point, coordinates, code and description. Option Control point allows to identify the new point as reference point. From Properties page it is possible to choose the layer to assign the new point to, as well as the colour. The tool displays automatically the layer corresponding to the code assigned to the point; the layer can be selected from pull down menu; otherwise it is possible to retrieve layer management window from Layer button. Layer window allows to create new layers or modify the properties (colour and linetype) of already existing layers. After selecting the layer, the tool proposes a colour associated to it; in order to set to the point another colour, different from the colour by layer, it is sufficient to click on the panel reporting the colour. From the dialog box now appearing it is possible to choose the colour desired by deactivating the option Colour by layer. Press confirmation button to save the point. 82

82 How to modify a point In order to modify a point it is sufficient to select it from the table and press Modify button or press Enter button on device keyboard (if available). The same window displayed in the command used to create a new point will appear; modify the point data and press confirmation button. Warning. Point name cannot be modified. How to delete a point In order to delete one or more points it is sufficient to select them from the table and press Delete button. It is not possible to delete control points or other points having a particular significance inside the work. How to find a point In order to find a point in the table press Find button. It is possible to carry out a research on point name, code or description. Select the mode desired and the text to search. Press confirmation button to close the window and start the search. The tool positions on the first point satisfying research criterions; to continue the search press button Find next. 83

83 Table of Measures To open the table of measures select the item Job from main menu and then the item Measures. The table reports a list of all the measures available in the work. By Station item it is possible to apply a filter on the measures to be displayed in the table; besides all the measures, it is possible to see only the measures taken from the single stations. By its side each measure reports an icon specifying the way the point has been measured; the following icons can be displayed: indicates standard measure. indicates that the measure was deleted. indicates that a measure was taken by direct and reversed mode. indicates a measure with offset at a distance. indicates a measure with offset of horizontal angle. indicates a measure with offset of vertical angle. How to modify a measure In order to modify a measure select it from the list and press Modify button or press Enter from device keyboard (if available). 84

84 The dialog box now appearing reports the name of the station and of the point measured. The measure data are then subdivided into three pages: IH/PH/Code, HA/VA/SD and Offsets. Only the data referred to the first page can be modified, therefore station height, prism height, code and description. Modifying station height or prism height involves recalculating point elevations. How to delete a measure In order to delete one or more measures it is sufficient to select them from the table and press Delete button. The measure is not really deleted; it just assumes the status of deleted measure, recognizable by the icon. How to find a measure In order to find a measure in the table press button Find. It is possible to carry out a research on point name, code or description. Select the mode desired and the text to search. Press confirmation button to close the window and start the search. The tool positions on the first measure satisfying research criterions; to continue the search press button Find next. 85

85 Survey codes Survey codes are very important in carrying out a survey, since they allow to identify every point with extreme precision as well as to automate the completion of survey drawing. By survey codes it is possible to: Set automatically an extended description on points; Compose different codes so as to obtain the description of the point as a combination between the descriptions of different codes (compound codes). Set automatically on points a specific symbol which can be set to a particular layer. Obtain the automatic drawing of lines connecting points with the same code. The tool makes it possible to define different code libraries that can be used in any work. It is possible to modify in any moment the code library used in a PowerTopoCE work from its Settings dialog box; See chapter Settings and preferences on page 57. Code libraries are saved in PowerTopoCE folder as COD extension files. Pentax W-800: PowerTopoCE provides for the possibility to define some quick codes that can be used to speed up the survey; choosing a quick code during the survey phase allows to start the measure and assigns to it the corresponding survey code Compound codes Any point can be associated to different survey codes by interposing, between any code, a separator which normally is a point (.) but can also be set by the user. The description resulting from a compound code will be a combination between the descriptions of any single code. Drawing from codes By this function of PowerTopoCE it is possible to represent the point with a specific symbol and on a specific layer; moreover, the tool generates automatically some lines joining survey points; the drawing is created in real time, while the survey is being carried out. To any survey code it is possible to assign one of the following typologies: Single point: a code representing a single entity, like a tree, a sump pit, etc. This kind of codes will not be used to create lines between the points surveyed. Line: the code represents an entity which is normally represented as a linear entity; typical examples of this can be road edges, hedges, slopes, sidewalks. The tool will join automatically the points having the same code; line interruption must be specified by a special control code. 86

86 Controls codes Control codes are specific codes controlling the way in which drawing lines between survey points are created. Control points must be specified after the survey code by interposing the separator which normally is a point (.) The control codes currently available in PowerTopoCE are the following: NJ Stop Draw: this code forces the tool not to create a line connecting the current point and the previous one with the same code. Its function is to stop the drawing of a linear entity and start a new segment. CL Close line: this code forces the tool not only to connect the current point with the previous one having the same code, but also to create a closure line between the current point and the first point of the sequence. It is used to create the drawing of closed elements, such as buildings, parcels, etc. An example of how to use survey codes Suppose you define the following codes in the table of survey codes: Code Description Typology Layer A Tree Single Point Trees CSD Right road edge Line Edges CSS Left road edge Line Edges M Wall Line Wall F Building Line Buildings Suppose that codes are assigned to a set of survey points in this way: Point name Code Description 101 CSD Right road edge 102 CSS Left road edge 103 F Building 104 F Building 105 CSS Left road edge 106 CSD.M Right road edge Wall 107 M Wall 108 CSD Right road edge 109 F Building 110 F.CL Building 111 CSS Left road edge 112 CSS.NJ Left road edge 113 A Tree 114 M Wall 115 CSS Left road edge 116 CSD Right road edge 87

87 The codes assigned to the points will produce the following drawing: - Point 113 is represented with the symbol for code A on Trees layer - a polyline, representing the left edge, connecting points 102,105,111. (A second polyline connects points 112,115). - a polyline, representing the right edge, connecting points 101,106,108, a polyline, representing the wall, connecting points 106,107, a polyline, representing the building, connecting points 103,104,109,110 and closing on 103. Note that point 106 represents both a right edge and the beginning of the wall. Table of survey codes The whole management of survey codes, their insertion, modification and deletion can be performed from the table of survey codes. In order to open the table of survey codes select the item Job from the main menu and then the item Codes. The table reports a list of all the survey codes available in the current library; the name of the library is reported on the upper side of the window. When the window closes, the tool asks whether the modifications made must be saved on the current code library. Moreover, it also asks whether it is necessary to modify, with the new settings, the properties of points that have been already surveyed, or that are already contained in the table of coordinates, since it is possible, for example, to modify the layer associated to a survey code. If the response to this prompt is yes, the tool will update the layer of the points already surveyed setting them to the new layer. 88

88 How to create a new code In order to create a new code press New button. The window is composed of three pages: Code, Layer and Symbol. In Code page it is possible to define the following data: Code: Description: Code type: code to be created. extended description to set to the code. defines the point typology as far as creation of drawing by codes. The following options are available: Single point: a code representing a single entity, like a tree, a sump pit, etc. This kind of codes will not be used to create lines between the points surveyed. Line: the code represents an entity which is normally represented as a linear entity; typical examples of this can be road edges, hedges, slopes, sidewalks. The tool will join automatically the points having the same code; line interruption must be specified by a special control code. Layer page makes it possible to define the layer where to locate the points to which a code is assigned: 89

89 Use default layer: by activating this option the point will be saved on a predefined layer and not on a specific layer. In order to define a layer to assign the code to, deactivate the option Use default layer and press Layer button. Layer management window will be displayed, where it is possible to create a new layer or modify an existing layer. To select a layer to assign to the code it is sufficient to select it from the list and close layer management window. For further information about layer management refer to paragraph Layers on page 74. Symbol page allows to associate to the code a symbol by which to represent the survey point. Use default symbol: by deactivating this option it is possible to associate to the code a specific symbol by which to represent the point, instead of a default symbol. In order to associate a symbol to the code deactivate the option Use default symbol and press Symbol button. Select the symbol desired in the list of symbols predefined by the tool and then press confirmation button. Size input field allows to specify the size to represent the symbol with. 90

90 How to modify a code In order to modify a code it is sufficient to select it from the table and press Modify button or press Enter button on device keyboard (if available). The same window displayed in the command used to create a new code will appear; modify the code data and press confirmation button. How to delete a code In order to delete one or more codes it is sufficient to select them from the table and press Delete button. How to save the library with a different name PowerTopoCE allows to create and manage different code libraries. In any moment, to any of PowerTopoCE works, it is possible to associate a library of codes to use. It is possible to save the current library with a different name, so that it can be modified, integrated, etc. In order to save the code library with another name press Save as. Indicate the new name to assign to the library and press OK. Warning. The library with the new name becomes the code library associated to the work. How to load a library In order to load a code library different from the current one select Load button. Select the desired library and press OK. The codes referred to the loaded library will be displayed. Warning. The library with the new name becomes the code library associated to the work. Special codes In order to modify the control codes used by the tool for the automatic drawing of survey codes, select the button Special codes. 91

91 The table reports the control codes supported by the tool. To modify a control code select it from the table and make the change in the input field situated at the bottom of the window; then press Update button. The first of the control codes is the separator used when it is necessary to associate different codes to a single point: in this case it is necessary to put the separator between the single codes or between the codes and the control codes. Quick codes (Pentax W-800) If PowerTopoCE works on Pentax W-800 total station it is possible to use quick codes to speed up the survey. In order to define quick codes select Special codes button. From the window now appearing select Quick page. 100 quick codes are available, which range from number 0 to number 99; every quick code can be associated to a survey code which will be associated to the measure and to the point measured. To set a code to a quick code it is sufficient to select the quick code from the table and assign the corresponding survey code from the input field situated at the bottom of the window; press button Update to assign the survey code to the quick code. Quick codes refer to PowerTopoCE application and not to the current work. As far as the use of quick codes refer to the chapter Quick codes for Pentax W-800 on page

92 Station setting and orientation Before performing a survey or a stakeout operation it is necessary to define the position of the station, its height and its orientation. The following situations are possible: The station coordinates are known and it is not necessary to orient the survey to the North. The station coordinates are known and so are the coordinates or the azimuth of a point or of a previous station to use for orientation. The station has no known coordinates and the coordinates of at least two reference points are known. After performing the orientation of the station it is possible to pass to survey and stakeout functions. During the survey, the same station can be oriented more than once. Moreover, a function is available, which allows to verify, at any time, whether the station is still correctly oriented as to a point or not. Warning. Station setting and orientation must be performed every time the instruments are moved to a new position. The dialog box allowing to perform the station setting and orientation can be opened in two ways: By selecting the item Survey from the main menu and then the item Station setup. By pressing the button situated atop the dialog boxes of survey and stakeout commands, reporting the data referred to the current station: A window will appear, allowing to perform station setting and orientation: 93

93 The window requires the following data: Station: station name; by using button or local menu the station, if already existing, can be selected either from graphic window or from the table of surveyed points. The height of the station can be calculated automatically, by pressing Measure button. Instrument height: specify the height of the station. Backsight: specify the mode to use to orient the station. Calculate instrument height One of the most annoying problems modern topographers have to face nowadays, despite the great number of technological solutions for every kind of work, is the fact that the instrument height must be measured by a metric wheel. PowerTopoCE, using reflectorless measurement technology and prism rod, can calculate directly the station height. In the fields where it is necessary to indicate instrument height press Measure button. Before going on it is necessary to position correctly the rod that supports the prism: the rod base must be positioned on the station centre, while the prism must be turned towards the instrument. The window allows to set the prism height and then to perform the sight by pressing Measure button. From measure data the tool can calculate with extreme precision the station height. 94

94 Station with known coordinates and no orientation From the main window select the item No backsight and press Next button; you will pass to a new window. In this window indicate the name of the station to orient; if the station already exists, its coordinates will be displayed but they will not be modifiable. If the station does not exist it is possible to specify its coordinates, code and description. Instrument height can be calculated automatically by pressing Measure button. Press End to accept the data set Station with known coordinates and orientation point From the main window select the item Backsight 1 point and press Next button; you will pass to a new window. In this window indicate the name of the station to orient; if the station already exists, its coordinates will be displayed but they will not be modifiable. If the station does not exist it is possible to specify its coordinates, code and description. Instrument height can be calculated automatically by pressing Measure button. Press Next to proceed. 95

95 Specify, in Backsight Point input field, the name of the point to use to orient the station; by using button or local menu, orientation point can be selected either from the graphic window or from the table of topographic points. If the point exists, the azimuth calculated between the station and the point will be displayed. If the point does not exist, among the topographic points available in the tool file, it will be possible to set manually the azimuth existing between the station and the reference point. Press Measure button to go on; the window allowing to perform the measure on backsight point will then be displayed. For further information concerning Measure refer to chapter Survey on page 111. The window displays the name of the backsight point to be measured; the other data required in the window are the following: H.P.: Code: Measure distance: prism height. survey code to assign the point to. if this option is active, besides angles, the tool measures also the distance between station and point. 96

96 The next options button prompts what has been defined in Survey page of Job settings window; by this option it is possible to decide what value to assign to the instrument horizontal angle when a station is oriented towards a known point or a previous station. It is possible to choose among the following options: Circle >> -: Circle >> Zero: by this option the instrument horizontal angle is not modified. by this option the tool sets on 0 the instrument angle before performing the prism measure. The angles of the points surveyed later will then be referred to orientation point. Circle >> Azimuth: by this option the tool sets the instrument angle to the azimuth value calculated between station and point. In this way, the angles the instrument returns are always azimuth. Make the instrument coincide with the point to survey and press Measure button to activate the measure by instrument on point. When the instrument provides the tool with the data of the measure performed it will be possible to pass to the following window. The window allows to set prism height and point code; point code can be set simply by selecting it from Code list; to insert a compound code it is also possible to use the code list available in the table. Select in the table the desired code and press Add. The tool will compile Code field with the codes added by separating them with a separator. To cancel the last code added press Delete button. By selecting option Description it is possible to see the description resulting from compound codes and modify it if necessary. 97

97 Press Next button to continue. The following window will report the data referred to the measurement performed. Press Register button to record the measure and return to Station setting dialog box, where a window is displayed, reporting orientation summary data. In particular, if backsight point coordinates are known, distance difference and elevation difference between the point measured and its known coordinates are displayed. Press End to confirm station orientation. 98

98 Station with no known coordinates and different orientation points Select the item Free station and press Next button; you will then pass to the following window. By this window it is possible to measure different orientation points according to which station coordinates and correction angle will be calculated; at least two orientation points are necessary. When at least two measures on two orientation points with known coordinates are available, the tool will calculate automatically station coordinates and correction angle; the data calculated will be displayed in the input fields situated under station name and station height. On the contrary, the table reporting the measures performed will display, besides the name of orientation point, also the deviations obtained once measurement data have been applied again to the coordinates calculated by the station. How to add a measure Press Add button to add a new measure: Indicate in the window the orientation point to use to calculate station and correction angle coordinates; orientation point can already be present but it can also be inserted directly from this window. 99

99 In order to indicate an already existing point it is possible to specify its name or use button or local menu allowing to select the point from the graphic window or from point table; once the point has been indicated, its coordinates are displayed. On the contrary, if the point is not yet available in the file of topographic points, it is possible to insert it directly from this window by specifying its name and coordinates. Press confirmation button to go on: By this window it is possible to perform a measurement on point. Make the instrument coincide with the orientation point and press Measure button to activate the measure by instrument on point. For further information concerning Measurement process refer to chapter Survey on page 111. When the instrument provides the tool with the data of the measure performed it will be possible to pass to the following window. The window allows to set prism height and point code; point code can be set simply by selecting it from Code list; to insert a compound code it is also possible to use the code list available in the table. Select in the table the desired code and press Add. The tool will compile Code field with the codes added by separating them with a separator. To cancel the last code added press Delete button. 100

100 By selecting option description it is possible to see the description resulting from compound codes and modify it if necessary. Press Next button to continue. The following window will report the data concerning the measurement performed. Press Register button to record the measure and return to Station setting dialog box. The point just measured will be inserted in the table reporting the list of the orientation points used. How to remove a measure In order to remove a measure from the list so that it is not used for the calculation of station coordinates and correction angle it is sufficient to select it from the list and press Delete button. The measure will be deleted, coordinates and correction angle will be calculated. 101

101 How to change the data to be used For any measure performed it is possible to decide which data, either angles or distance, must be used to determine the station position. In order to change the data referred to a measure it is sufficient to select it from the list and then press Use button. In Use column some abbreviations will appear, identifying the data being used; the possible abbreviations are the following: HVD: uses horizontal angle, vertical angle and distance ---: no measure datum is used H: only horizontal angle is used HV: uses horizontal angle and vertical angle VD: uses vertical angle and distance Press Use button until the abbreviation corresponding to the desired data appears. Calculate coordinates and correction angle When all orientation points have been measured and the deviations obtained are satisfactory it is possible to finish station setting process by pressing Next button. The window displays a summary reporting the coordinates calculated for the station and the standard deviations calculated. Press End to confirm calculated data and then pass to survey or drawing operations. 102

102 Check backsight point In order to verify whether the station is correctly oriented as to a point, select the item Check backsight point and press Next; then, it will be possible to pass to the following window. Specify, in Backsight point input field, the name of the point to use to verify the station orientation; by using button or local menu the orientation point can be selected either from graphic window or from point table. If the point exists, the azimuth calculated between station and point will be displayed. If the point does not exist, among the topographic points available in the tool file, it is possible to set manually the azimuth existing between station and reference point. Press the button By angle to perform an only-angular check of the orientation, in case it is not possible to measure the point distance; otherwise, press By distance button to perform a complete check of angles and distance. Once the point measure has been performed, the data referred to the differences calculated are reported in a window similar to the following: Press Back to perform a new check, press End to finish. 103

103 Survey This chapter illustrates the procedures to follow to perform measurements on the points to survey. Two main commands are available: Measures: Free measures: allows to perform measurements, by different modes, to the points to survey. The data surveyed are saved in the current work. By this command it is possible to obtain simple measures but also measures taken in direct and reversed and even measures not within prism reach. allows to perform simple operations of point measurement and does not save any information in the current file; the command is available also when no file has been opened. How to measure points In order to activate the execution of this command select from main menu the item Survey and then the item Measures. Before allowing to proceed, the tool verifies whether station setting and orientation have been performed; see chapter If station setting has not been defined yet, a window will appear, that forces you to carry out this step before going on. Press Station setup button to perform station setting and orientation; at the end of the process, point measurement process will be activated. 104

104 On the contrary, if this command is carried out after reopening the work file where station setting and orientation have already been performed, the tool will display a window that offers two possibilities. If the station has never been moved since its previous setting and orientation have been performed, it is possible to select the button Use last setup: the same settings calculated during the previous station setting and orientation procedure will be used. If, vice versa, the station has been moved, it is necessary to select Station setup button and perform a new station setting and orientation procedure. Once the station has been positioned and oriented, it is possible to proceed with point measurement procedure. On the upper side of the window a panel reports some summarizing data concerning the current station: By clicking on the panel a dialog box is opened, which allows to set station position and orientation; see chapter Station setting and orientation on page

105 Press button on Pocket PC systems or button on Windows CE systems, to accede to instruments advanced settings. The following data are requested: Point: H.P.: Code: Traverse point: Measure distance: Angular Offset: Offset: Measures: Map: Meas.& Reg.: Measure: Name of the point to measure; in order to measure an already existing point it is possible either to specify its name or use button or the local menu, which allow to select the point from graphic window or from point table. prism height. survey code to assign to the point. by activating this option the point measured will be saved as traverse station point. if this option is active, besides angles, the tool measures also the distance between station and point. by activating this option the tool will not save the point after measuring the point on prism, but it will make it possible to orient the station towards the real point to measure; in this way, the distance will be used as measured on prism, the angles as measured on the real point. opens a dialog box allowing to choose the mode by which to survey the point. Different survey modes are available. opens a dialog box reporting the list of the measures performed. opens the graphic window displaying the current situation as far as prism position, station position, orientation, instruments current direction. activates point measurement; once the measurement has been taken, the point is registered and the tool gets ready to measure the following point. The name of the point is automatically increased. activates point measurement; once the measurement has been performed and before the point is registered, another window appears: 106

106 The data in this window depend on the settings of Survey page; see chapter Settings and preferences on page 57. P.H.: Code: prism height. code to assign to the point. The code can be defined by choosing it from Code list or it can be composed by using the table reported at the bottom of the window. Select from the table the code desired and press Add. The tool will compile Code field with the codes added by separating them with a separator. To delete the last code added press Delete. To insert a control code select Control option; the table will display the control codes available; to add a control code press Add. To delete the last code added press Delete button. In order to display, and modify, the description associated to the point press the option Description. Press Confirm button to continue. The window reports the measure data and the coordinates calculated for the point. Press Register button to save the measure. The tool will then return to the main window. 107

107 Quick codes for Pentax W-800 total station The use of quick codes allows to start the measure on point and set to it the survey code associated to the quick code. The quick code therefore allows to speed up the survey, since the survey code does not have to be selected manually or entered and it is not necessary to press Measure button. The quick code is inserted by pressing F6 on the keyboard of Pentax W-800 total station; a window will appear, allowing to enter the code. Enter control code number (from 0 to 99); if two characters are entered the window closes automatically, without requiring the use of any other key. Once the window has been closed the tool starts the measure by total station and it will assign to it and to the point calculated the survey code associated to the quick code. For quick code definition see paragraph Quick codes (Pentax W-800) on page 95. Traverse stations Management The tool provides for some utilities to simplify orientation processes in station changes. When you are positioned on a station and you have to measure one or more stations to occupy afterwards, it is necessary to perform the measure by activating the option Traverse station point; in this way the point is saved in a list which will be used when station change is going to be performed. On changing the station it is sufficient to press the button situated atop measurement window: And a prompt similar to the one below will appear: 108

108 By answering yes the tool will display a list of the points that have been measured as traverse station points: Select the station occupied and press confirmation button. The tool will display automatically the data necessary to orient the station to the previous station. Measure on existing point If a point already measured is measured again, once the measurement has been carried out, a window will appear, allowing to choose how to proceed. The window allows to choose among one of the following possibilities: Overwrite existing point: the measure on the existing point is deleted and therefore only the one that is being carried out will be considered. Use next name: the tool proposes automatically the first name available to assign to the point instead of the set one. Add additional measure: a supplementary measure is added, which does not change the coordinates of the existing point but allows to verify the difference in position. In this case, in fact, the window reporting the measure data reports also the differences as far as distance, between the existing point and the point just measured. 109

109 Press Cancel to close the window and return to the main window. How to measure points in direct and reversed mode In order to perform measures in direct and reversed, select, from Measure main window, Offset button. Select the item Direct & Reverse and press confirm button; the tool returns to the main window. Aim to the point to measure and then press Meas.& Reg. button, or Measure button. 110

110 The tool informs that a direct measure is being performed. Press OK to continue; the point will be measured and then the following window will appear, prompting to make the point coincident by turning the spyglass upside down and rotating the instrument. Press OK to continue. Once measurement operations have been carried out, the window summarizing survey data will display also the standard deviations calculated. In case motorized instruments are used, the tool will command the automatic rotation of the instrument, both to pass from direct measure to reversed measure and to go back to direct measure. 111

111 Measurement by repetitions In order to perform measurements by repetition, select Offset button from Measure main window. Select the item Repetitions and set the number of measures to perform on each point. By pressing Options button it is possible to have access to a dialog box allowing to perform advanced settings on repetitions execution mode. By pressing confirmation button the tool goes back to the main window. At the bottom of the window the tool displays the current repetition number, explaining whether the next point is the orientation point or the point to measure, and whether the mode must be direct or reversed. To interrupt a sequence of measures by repetitions press Reset button. The tool will annul all the measures performed and it will make it possible to start again from the first set. First of all, press Measure button; the following window will appear, prompting to confirm the prism height to be used on orientation point. 112

112 Press confirmation button to continue. Then measure the orientation points and the point to measure, by direct and reversed, following the tool prompts. If the measures exceed the tolerances set in the settings referred to the repetitions, the tool will inform the user by a specific dialog box. At the end of the sequence of measures a window similar to the following will appear, reporting the data of each set measured: Use button allows to decide whether to use the set selected to calculate the point coordinates. By option Correct station it is possible to recalculate the station position according to orientation measures. Moreover, the window reports the standard deviations calculated for horizontal angle, vertical angle and distance. To save the point press Register button. 113

113 How to measure points not reachable by prism Measurement command offers some special options to allow to survey points the prism cannot reach easily. The following cases are possible: Offset distance: allows to measure a point if its distance from the prism is known; it is possible to set a distance and an offset as to station-prism direction, and also a vertical height difference. Offset horizontal angle: allows to measure the position of points the prism cannot cover, such as the middle of big trees, etc. Offset vertical angle: allows to measure the position of points the prism cannot cover but which are situated directly above or below it, such as pole tops, etc. Measures with distance offset By this option it is possible to measure a point if its distance from the prism is known; it is possible to set a distance and an offset as to station-prism direction and also a vertical height difference. To set the window to measure points with offset and distance, press, from the main window, Offset button. From Modes list select the item Measures by offset; select the item Distance offset and press confirmation button; the tool will go back to the main window. Make the point to survey coincident and then press Meas.& Reg. button or Measure button. Once prism position has been measured, a window will appear, allowing to set the point offsets from prism: 114

114 It is possible to insert three kinds of offset: Forward/Backward: distance of point projection as to station-prism alignment. The point can be situated between station and prism (Backward) or beyond the prism (Forward). Left / Right: distance of point as to station-prism alignment. The point can be situated on the right or on the left of station-prism alignment. Up / Down: height difference between point and prism position. Press confirmation button to continue. Measures with offset of horizontal angle By this option it is possible to measure the position of points the prism cannot cover, such as the middle of big trees, etc. The tool requires the execution of two measurements, the first referred only to the horizontal angle in the middle of the object to survey, the second referred to the prism situated next to it. To set the window to measure points with offset of horizontal angle, press, from the main window, Offset button. From Modes list select the item Measures by offset; select the item Horizontal angle offset and press confirmation button; the tool will go back to the main window, which will be slightly different from the standard one. 115

115 Make the instrument coincide with the centre of the point to survey and press the button Meas.Centre; the tool will save only the horizontal angle. Make the instrument situated next to the object to survey coincide and press Measure button. Warning. The prism is necessary only next to the point to survey; it is not necessary when the object centre is measured. Measures with offset of vertical angle By this option it is possible to measure the position of points the prism cannot cover, but which are situated directly above or below it, such as pole tops, etc. The tool requires the execution of two measurements, the first on the prism situated above or below the object to survey, the second, only angular, referred to the object itself. To set the window to measure points with offset of vertical angle, press, from the main window, Offset button. From Modes list select the item Measures by offset; select the item Vertical angle offset and press confirmation button; the tool will go back to the main window, which will be slightly different from the standard one. Aim to the prism and press Measure button; once the measurement on prism has been carried out, make the instrument coincide with the point to survey and press Meas.Zenith button; the tool will save only the horizontal and vertical angle and then calculate the point coordinates according to the position of the prism and the elevation according to the last vertical angle measured. 116

116 Set codes to the points surveyed and drawing from codes During the survey it is possible to set some codes to the points surveyed, so that they can determine the automatic creation of junction lines between points. It is therefore extremely important to assign codes to points to allow the automatic completion of the drawing during the survey. A code can be assigned to a point in two moments: 1.from the list available in measurement main window: The code can be selected from the list or it is possible to type in the first characters constituting it; during the insertion, the tool fills in the field with the code having the same initial characters. 2.by pressing Measure in the window that will appear; in fact, by pressing Meas.&Reg. button the point is recorded without needing the insertion of further data. The data required in this window depend on the settings available in Survey page of Survey settings; see chapter Settings and preferences on page 57. P.H.: Code: prism height. code to assign to the point. The code can be defined by choosing it from Code list or it can be composed by using the table reported at the bottom of the window. Select from the table the code desired and press Add. The tool will compile Code field with the codes added by separating them with a separator. To delete the last code added press Delete. To insert a control code select Control option; the table will display the control codes available; to add a control code press Add. To delete the last code added press Delete button. 117

117 In order to display, and modify, the description associated to the point press the option Description. For further information and examples concerning survey codes refer to chapter Survey codes on page 89. How to perform free measures In order to activate this command, select the item Survey from main menu and then the item Free measures. The window connects to the total station and asks for repeated updating of horizontal and vertical angle values; the frequency according to which the new values are required depends on the value set in Freq.Upd. field, concerning the current topographic instruments. For further information about instrument configuration, refer to chapter Configure instruments on page 53. To carry out a measure of the distance, press button Measure; to interrupt a measure press button Stop. To set the station horizontal angle on 0, press button SetHA=O; to set the horizontal angle to a specific value press button Set HA. Press button Settings to have access to instruments advanced settings. 118

118 Staking This chapter illustrates the way the staking procedures available in PowerTopoCE work. There are two main staking commands: Point staking: allows to find specific points on the field. Line staking: allows to perform the staking along predefined lines. Before allowing the execution of any staking command, the tool makes sure station setting and orientation have already been performed; see chapter Station setting and orientation on page 97. If station setting and orientation have not been defined yet, a window will appear, that forces you to carry out this step before going on. Press Station setup button to perform station setting and orientation; at the end of the process, point staking will be activated. If, on the contrary, this command is carried out after reopening the work file in which station setting and orientation had been performed, the tool will display a similar window with two options. If the station has never been moved since its setting and orientation was performed, it is possible to select Use last setup button: the same settings will be used, that have been calculated during the previous station setting and orientation procedure. If, on the contrary, the station was moved, it is necessary to select Station setup button and carry out a new station setting and orientation procedure. 119

119 Point staking To perform point staking procedure, select the item Stakeout from main menu and then the item Points. On the upper side of the window, a panel reports some summarizing data referred to the current station: By clicking on the panel a dialog box is opened, which allows to set the station position and orientation; see chapter Station setting and orientation on page 97. Press button in Pocket PC systems or button in Windows CE systems, to have access to instruments advanced settings. How to define a list of points to stake Press List button to define a list of points to stake. 120

120 In the window it is possible to create a list of points to stake and the order to follow in the staking. By CAD: by this button it is possible to select the points to stake directly from the graphic window; select from the CAD the points to include in the list and then close the graphic window. Select all: this button includes in the list all the survey points available in the work. Import: allows to import a file containing a list of points to stake. Export: creates a file with the list of the points to stake, so that it can be used in the following sessions or in other works. Move up: moves, one position upward, the point selected. Move down: moves, one position downward, the point selected. Delete: deletes the point selected from the list of the points to stake. Delete all: deletes the list content. Add: adds to the list the point with the name indicated in the input field available on the left of the button. Press close button to close the window and go back to staking main window. Staking a single point or a list The following data are requested: Point: point to stake. If a list of points to stake has been defined, the tool displays the first point not yet staked; press Change button to select another point from the list or press Next point button to pass to the staking of the next point in the list. If no list has been created, it is possible to specify directly the survey point to stake; by P.H.: using button or the local menu, the survey point can be selected from graphic window or point table. By pressing Next point button the tool gets ready to stake the point following the current one, taking into account the increment value of Increment field. prism height. 121

121 Options: opens the dialog box with staking options; for further information see paragraph Staking on page 63. Map: opens the graphic window that displays, in particular, the current station, the position of the prism and the point to stake. Press Next button to continue the process of staking the point selected; the tool reads the total station horizontal angle and displays the following window. The tool displays the horizontal angle the instrument must have to assume the direction of the point to stake; in case motorized instruments are used, the tool will command the station to position automatically along the point direction, both as far as the horizontal angle and the vertical angle. Such working option depends on what has been set in staking options; see Staking paragraph on page 63. Press Next Pnt to start staking the next point in the list or the next point in the list of topographic points. Press Next to continue the staking of the point selected: 122

122 From this window it is possible to perform the measurements on prism, following which the tool will inform about the distance between the prism and the point to reach. Option Fast EDM allows to perform fast, but less precise, measures on prism, to allow moving quickly near the point; for a precise positioning it is recommendable to deactivate the option Fast EDM and work with the greatest precision the instrument can provide. Press Measure button to measure prism position. According to the prism position calculated as well as according to the position of the point to reach, the tool will display a window reporting some graphic indications concerning the direction the prism must follow to reach the point. On the right some numeric information is reported, about the distance between prism and point. Clicking on the square containing the arrows allows to pass from the display of the angular shift (first window) to the display of the distance (second window). When the prism is within the tolerance set, the window is displayed with white arrows. 123

123 If the distance difference between prism and point is satisfactory, it is possible to press Accept button to save the position of the point reached by the prism. The window summarizing the distance differences between the point to reach and the position of the prism will be displayed. Press Accept again to save the staking point. The tool will ask to specify the name and the code to assign to the staking point. 124

124 Press confirmation button to save the point; the tool will then display the initial window again, from which it is possible to pass to the staking of a new point. Staking report The tool allows to obtain a report displaying all the points staked inside a work and the differences between the project point and the staked one. Select from the main menu the item Stakeout and then the item Report. A window similar to the following will appear: Press Export button to create an ASCII file containing the data displayed in the report. 125

125 Line staking To perform line staking procedure, select the item Stakeout from main menu and then the item Line. On the upper side of the window, a panel reports some summarizing data referred to the current station: By clicking on the panel a dialog box is opened, which allows to set the station position and orientation; see chapter Station setting and orientation on page 97. Press toolbar button in Pocket PC systems or heading button in Windows CE systems, to have access to instruments advanced settings. How to define a line The reference line for the staking can be defined according to two reference points or according to one reference point and an azimuth setting the direction. From Point: first reference point of the line to stake; by using button or local menu the topographic point can be selected either from the graphic window or from the table of points. To point / Azimuth: the direction of the reference line can be defined by choosing a second topographic point or setting an azimuth; press on scroll button To point / Azimuth to select the mode desired. By using button or the local menu the topographic point can be selected either from the graphic window or from the table of points. By the local menu of, input field, the azimuth can also be defined by selecting two topographic points from the table or from the graphic window; moreover, the local menu allows to retrieve the calculator window. 126

126 Staking points on a line Moreover, the following data are required: P.H.: Start station: prism height. start station of the reference line on the line base point. In the window two supplementary buttons are available: Options: Map: opens the dialog box with staking options; for further information see paragraph Staking on page 63. opens the graphic window that displays, in particular, the current station, the position of the prism and the line to stake. Press Next button to continue the process of staking the line defined. From this window it is possible to perform the measurements on prism, following which the tool will inform about the distance between the prism and the line. Option Fast EDM allows to perform fast, but less precise, measures on prism, to allow moving quickly near the line; for a precise positioning it is recommendable to deactivate the option Fast EDM and work with the greatest precision the instrument can provide. Press Measure button to measure prism position. According to the prism position calculated as well as according to the position of the line to reach, the tool will display a window reporting some graphic indications concerning the direction the prism must follow to reach the line. On the right some numeric information is reported, about the distance between prism and line. 127

127 When the prism is within the tolerance set, the window is displayed with white arrows. Button St.>Pr. allows to change the display of the data calculated; the button assumes two states: St.>Pr. Pr.>Ln. In this case the tool displays the distances to reach the line considering station-prism direction. In this case the tool displays the shortest distance (perpendicular) to reach the line considering the prism current position. If the distance difference between prism and line is satisfactory, it is possible to press Accept button to save the position of the point reached by the prism. The window summarizing the distance differences between the line to stake and the position of the prism will be displayed. 128

128 Press Accept again to save the staking point. The tool will ask to specify the name and the code to assign to the staking point. Press confirmation button to save the point; the tool will then display the initial window again, from which it is possible to pass to the staking of a new point along the reference line. 129

129 COGO This chapter illustrates the working of some commands allowing the rapid creation of new points by using already existing points and enabling the user to carry out specific calculations such as solution of triangles, azimuth, surfaces, etc. The following commands are available: Distance & offset: Intersection: Triangles: Area: Azimuth: calculates the coordinates of a new point, offset from a predefined alignment. calculates the coordinates of a new point as intersection, by angle or distance, between two existing points. solves the triangle according to different options of known data. calculates the area of an object or of a group of points. calculates the azimuth according to different input options. Distance & offset This command calculates the coordinates of a new point, offset from a predefined alignment. The command can be activated by selecting the item COGO from the main menu, and then the item Distance & offset. From point: reference point to define the chain. By using button or local menu the topographic point can be selected from graphic window or from points table. To point / Azimuth: the alignment direction can be defined by choosing a second topographic point or by setting an azimuth; press on the scroll button To point /Azimuth to select the mode desired. By using button or the local menu the topographic point can be selected either from the graphic window or from the table of points. By the local menu of input field, the azimuth can also be defined by selecting two topographic points from the table or from the graphic window; moreover, the local menu allows to retrieve the calculator window. Distance: distance at which to position the new point along the alignment, taking the point of reference as starting point. By the local menu of input field, the distance can also be defined by selecting two topographic points from the table or from the graphic window; moreover, the local menu allows to retrieve the calculator window. 130

130 Offset / Angle: the point can be positioned, as to the alignment, at an offset distance or by defining an angle to be added to the azimuth of the reference alignment; press scroll button Offset / Angle to select the mode desired. By the local menu of input field, both the distance and the angle can be defined by selecting points from the table or from the graphic window; moreover, the local menu allows to retrieve the calculator window. Left/Right: position of the point to create as to the alignment. Vert.Dist. / Elevation: the elevation of the point to create can be calculated by adding a height difference to the elevation value interpolated along the alignment, or it is possible to assign it a fixed value; press on scroll button Vert.Dist. / Elevation to select the mode desired. Create point: by activating this option and pressing Calculate button the point is calculated and added to the list of topographic points; otherwise, the tool will display only the coordinates calculated and the position on the map. If this option is active, it is possible to specify the name to assign to the new point. Solve: this button performs the calculation of the point coordinates and displays the results in a following window. If the option Create point has been activated, before calculation results are shown, a dialog box is displayed, allowing to assign the new point a code: It is possible to assign the point a code simply by selecting it from Code list; to insert a compound code it is possible to use the list of codes available in the table. Select in the table the code desired and press Add. The tool will compile Code field with the codes added, separating them with a separator. To delete the last code added press Delete button. 131

131 By selecting the option Description it is possible to see the description resulting from the compound codes, and modify it if necessary. Press confirmation button to continue. The last dialog box displays the data referred to the point calculated. From the window now appearing it is possible to go back to the main window of data insertion by using < Data button; by Map button it is possible to open the graphic window, which will display the position of the point calculated. 132

132 Intersection This command creates one or two points starting from two known points and defining the distance or the direction from the known points. The command can be activated by selecting the item COGO from main menu, and then the item Intersection. button or the local menu, the su 1st point: first reference point. By using button or the local menu the topographic point can be selected either from the graphic window or from the table of points. Azimuth / Distance: sets the direction of the point to determine as to the first reference point or the distance between the two. Press on scroll button Azimuth / Distance to select the mode desired. By the local menu of input field, both the distance and the direction can be defined by selecting points from the table or from the graphic window; moreover, the local menu allows to retrieve the calculator window. 2nd point: second reference point. By using button or the local menu the topographic point can be selected either from the graphic window or from the table of points. Azimuth / Distance: sets the direction of the point to determine as to the second reference point or the distance between the two. Press on scroll button Azimuth / Distance to select the mode desired. By the local menu of input field, both the distance and the direction can be defined by selecting points from the table or from the graphic window; moreover, the local menu allows to retrieve the calculator window. Create point: by activating this option and pressing Calculate button, intersection points are calculated and added to the list of topographic points; otherwise, the tool will display only the coordinates calculated and the position on the map. If this option is active, it is possible to specify the name to assign to the new points. Solve: this button performs the calculation of the point coordinates and displays the results in a following window. 133

133 If the option Create point has been activated, before calculation results are shown, a dialog box is displayed, allowing to assign the new points a code: It is possible to assign the point a code simply by selecting it from Code list; to insert a compound code it is possible to use the list of codes available in the table. Select in the table the code desired and press Add. The tool will compile Code field with the codes added, separating them with a separator. To delete the last code added press Delete button. By selecting the option Description it is possible to see the description resulting from the compound codes, and modify it if necessary. Press confirmation button to continue. 134

134 From the window now appearing it is possible to go back to the main window of data insertion by using < Data button; by Map button it is possible to open the graphic window, which will display the position of the point calculated. Triangles This command solves the triangle according to different groups of input data. The tool can calculate the triangle according to the following input data: 3 sides 2 angles and the side in between 1 side and two subsequent angles 2 sides and the angle in between 2 sides and the subsequent angle The command can be activated by selecting the item COGO from main menu and then the item Triangles. Select, from Solution list, the kind of data to insert; insert the data required in the three input fields prompted. By the local menu of input field, both the distances and the angles can be defined by selecting the points from the table or from the graphic window; moreover, the local menu allows to retrieve the calculator window. 135

135 Solve: this button performs the calculation of triangle data and displays the results in a following window. From the window now appearing it is possible to go back to the main window of data insertion by using < Data button; by Map button it is possible to open the graphic window, which will display the shape of the triangle calculated. Area This command performs the calculation of an area defined by a group of points or by a closed polyline. The command can be activated by selecting the item COGO from the main menu and then the item Area. Polyline: press this button to select, from the graphic window, the polyline on which to perform area calculation. Points: press this button to select, from the graphic window, the topographic points delimiting the area to calculate. The tool will display the shape of the area selected and the corresponding profile. 136

136 Solve: this button performs the calculation of polyline or points area and displays the results in a following window. From the window now appearing it is possible to go back to the main window of data insertion by using < Data button; by Map button it is possible to open the graphic window, which will display the boundary of the area calculated. Azimuth By this command it is possible to calculate azimuth in different ways: between two points average between azimuths angle bisector azimuth + angle azimuth to line offset The command can be activated by selecting the item COGO from main menu, and then the item Azimuth. Select the mode desired in Method list. 137