Behavior- Driven Testing Using Page Object Models

Transcription

1 T8 Agile Exploration & Test Automation Thursday, October 18th, :30 AM Behavior- Driven Testing Using Page Object Models Presented by: Brian Hicks Brought to you by: 350 Corporate Way, Suite 400, Orange Park, FL info@techwell.com -

2 Brian Hicks Brian Hicks is a software engineer, development manager, and technical architect with over 15 years of hands- on experience designing and developing software using core Java, web services, and related technologies in both the commercial and public sectors. He is also a Certified ScrumMaster and has experience implementing agile processes, leading agile teams and implementing DevOps solutions. At Coveros he is responsible for supporting software development consulting and training engagements, focusing on delivery of training courses across the United States.

3 Agility. Security. Delivered. Behavior Driven Tests with Page Objects Brian Hicks COPYRIGHT 2016 COVEROS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 1 Introduc:on About Coveros Coveros builds security- crimcal applicamons using agile methods. Areas of Expertise Coveros Services Agile transformamons Agile development and tesmng DevOps and conmnuous integramon ApplicaMon security analysis Agile & Security training Government QualificaMons DCAA approved rates and accounmng TS facility clearance COPYRIGHT 2016 COVEROS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 2 1

4 Introduc:on Select Coveros Clients COPYRIGHT 2016 COVEROS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 3 Agenda Selenium WebDriver What it does Where it comes up short Page Object Model payern Benefits/Challenges Design consideramons ImplementaMon Example Extending the model COPYRIGHT 2016 COVEROS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 4 2

5 Selenium WebDriver Browser automamon framework Encapsulates the connecmon to the browser Uses a locator- based API to find and interact with HTML elements on a page Allows for basic assermons Explicit waits for pages to load Everything you need to interact with a stamc or dynamic HTML page COPYRIGHT 2016 COVEROS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 5 WebDriver Code driver.get(baseurl + "/"); driver.findelement(by.id("searchterm")).clear(); driver.findelement(by.id("searchterm")).sendkeys("speakers"); driver.findelement(by.id("gosearch")).click(); if (!waitforelement(by.linktext("jensen Bluetooth Wireless Stereo + Speaker"))){ fail(); return; driver.findelement(by.linktext("jensen Bluetooth Wireless Stereo + Speaker )).click(); assertequals("1 item added to cart", driver.findelement( By.xpath("//div[@id='addtocart']/div/div/div/div/h2")).getText()); COPYRIGHT 2016 COVEROS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 6 3

6 Problems with Typical WebDriver Tests Hard to Read Embedded locator strings (Xpath!) don t oden make sense and cluyer up the test code The user journey under test is oden unclear WebDriver code talks about elements on a page, but not about how the page is used Hard to Maintain What if locators change? Where are all the locators for the same page element? What if someone new needs to write a test? COPYRIGHT 2016 COVEROS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 7 Poten:al Solu:ons Externalize Locator Strings Easier to maintain Puts locators in one place a configuramon file Easier to read No embedded Xpath expressions cluyering up the code driver.findelement(by.xpath(xpathfile.save_button)).click(); However Requires some boilerplate code that isn t always clear ConfiguraMon file can get unruly Where in the config file is the element I want? Is the element I want in the config file at all? What happens if this is a big applicamon with hundreds (thousands?) of elements? COPYRIGHT 2016 COVEROS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 8 4

7 Poten:al Solu:ons Selenium Helper Build a class that encapsulates basic WebDriver funcmonality Use that class instead of WebDriver Easier to read and can build on externalized locators driver.findelement(by.xpath( )).click(); is replaced by helper.clickelement(by.xpath( )); However Doesn t address the fact that the test is smll very Mghtly coupled to the HTML page SMll hard to maintain need String externalizamon to maintain locators COPYRIGHT 2016 COVEROS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 9 What if there was a beder way? COPYRIGHT 2016 COVEROS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 10 5

8 Page Object Model According to MarGn Fowler Objects that wrap an HTML page of an applicamon Allow a sodware client to do and see anything on a page that a human being can Provide an intuimve programming interface Most oden for tests Also for website automamon scripts hyp://marmnfowler.com/bliki/pageobject.html COPYRIGHT 2016 COVEROS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 11 Page Object Model Overview Benefits: Encapsulate locators for a page (or part of a page) within one easy to find object Simplifies test code; much easier to read; reads like page navigamon Easier to write new test cases You can ignore dynamic page content like ads and focus just on applicamon data Challenges: Dynamic content Only allows for tesmng of proper data; does not automate page formanng or style or physical locamon on the screen COPYRIGHT 2016 COVEROS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12 6

9 Page Object Design Considera:ons Don t think one- to- one page object to HTML page Separate header and footer pages Dialogs and popups as separate pages Tabs and lists of complex elements Page transimon acmons should return an object of the new page type Use annotamons to define stamc locators Do not include assermons in page objects SeparaMon of concerns test code belongs in tests Provide accessors to allow test code to validate data Use factories to simplify page object creamon AcMon methods should account for responsiveness COPYRIGHT 2016 COVEROS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 13 Page Objects PageObject Factory COPYRIGHT 2016 COVEROS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 14 7

10 UI Tes:ng Techniques Page Object Factory public final class PageObjectFactory { public static PageObjectFactory newinstance(webdriver driver, String baseurl) { return new PageObjectFactory(driver, baseurl); private WebDriver driver; private PageObjectFactory(WebDriver driver, String baseurl) { this.driver = driver; driver.get(baseurl); public <T extends PageObject> T newpage(class<t> clazz) {... T t = clazz.newinstance(); t.init(driver, this); return t;... COPYRIGHT 2016 COVEROS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 15 UI Tes:ng Techniques Page Object Factory public final class PageObjectFactory { public static PageObjectFactory newinstance(webdriver driver, String baseurl) { return new PageObjectFactory(driver, baseurl); private WebDriver driver; private PageObjectFactory(WebDriver driver, String baseurl) { public <T extends PageObject> T newpage(class<t> clazz) { newinstance() method creates the actual factory Provide driver and base URL as arguments to factory newpage() method creates an instance of the specified PageObject New PageObject instance is inimalized with factory and driver COPYRIGHT 2016 COVEROS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 16 8

11 UI Tes:ng Techniques Page Object Example public final class ShoppingCartPage extends PageObject { public String getcartsummarytext() { public ConfirmRemoveItemDialog removeitemfromcart(string itemname) { return factory.newpage(confirmremoveitemdialog.class); public int getquantityincart(string productname) { AcMon method: removeitemfromcart() Use locators to find named item in cart Click the proper remove buyon Return instance of dialog page (asks to confirm removal) Accessor methods getcartsummarytext() getquanmtyincart() COPYRIGHT 2016 COVEROS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 17 Page Object Test Example public void testadditemstocart() throws Exception { try { SearchResultsPage searchresultspage = homepage.searchfor(producttype); ProductDetailsPage productdetailspage = searchresultspage.selectproduct(productname); asserttrue(searchresultspage.getpagetitle().startswith(productname)); ShoppingCartConfirmDialog cartconfirmdialog = productdetailspage.addquantitytocart(itemcount); ShoppingCartPage cartpage = cartconfirmdialog.clickviewcartandcheckout(); assertequals(expecteditemcount, cartpage.getquantityincart(speakersproductname)); String cartpagesummarytext = cartpage.getcartsummarytext(); asserttrue(cartpagesummarytext.startswith("cart total:")); catch (Exception e) { failtest(ple.getmessage()); COPYRIGHT 2016 COVEROS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 18 9

12 BDD Cucumber Step Defini:on Feature: Adding Items to the Shopping Cart Scenario: Add Acme speakers to the cart Given I open speakers.com on a browser running Firefox And I search for speakers When I add 3 of Acme Speaker to my shopping cart Then I find 3 items in my add (\\d+) of (.*) to my shopping cart$") public void additemstocart(int count, String itemname) throws Throwable { try { SearchResultsPage searchresults = pagefactory.newpage(searchresultspage.class); ProductDetailsPage productdetails = searchresults.selectproduct(itemname); ShoppingCartConfirmDialog confirmdialog = productdetails.addquantitytocart(count); ShoppingCartPage cartpage = confirmdialog.clickviewcartandcheckout(); this.itemname = itemname; catch (Exception e) { error(e, true); COPYRIGHT 2016 COVEROS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 19 Building on the Page Object Model BDD/Cucumber Can map much more easily to step definimons Assists in rapid development of new step definimons Workflows Combine pages into common flows Login, Search Mobile Account for responsive web design in page objects; tests can work regardless of screen dimensions Screens in a namve app are just like pages in a web app Depending on your applicamon you may be able to re- use some page objects and test classes COPYRIGHT 2016 COVEROS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

13 Tool Support Using Selenified Open source Java tesmng library built on top of Selenium Makes Selenium easier to use so that you can get to wrimng automated tests faster Has built- in support for defining and creamng page objects Robust repormng and visualizamons hyps://github.com/coveros/selenified COPYRIGHT 2016 COVEROS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 21 Takeaways Selenium WebDriver test code is oden indecipherable to someone who is not an expert Page Objects can make UI- based Web Driver tests more readable and maintainable One (or more) Page Objects per applicamon page/screen Dialogs/Pop- ups MulMple tabs/lists Leave assermons in the test code and leave them out of the Page Object code Using a factory can simplify page object creamon even more Example code in github: hyps://github.com/coveros/page- object- model.git Supported by tools like Selenified COPYRIGHT 2016 COVEROS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

14 Ques:ons? LinkedIn: hyps:// hicks a3 hyps://github.com/coveros/page- object- model hyps://github.com/coveros/selenified COPYRIGHT 2016 COVEROS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED