Noise Protocol Framework. Trevor Perrin
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1 Noise Protocol Framework Trevor Perrin
2 Cryptography Public Key (DH, RSA, ECC etc) Symmetric Key (AES etc)
3 AKE Authenticated Key Exchange (or Agreement) Goals Shared symmetric key Authentication Forward secrecy
4 AKE in practice TLS, QUIC, SSH, IPsec Tor (Ntor, obfsproxy) CurveCP, MinimaLT OTR, Pond, ZRTP, PGP, Signal Noise
5 AKE variations One-sided or mutual auth Pre-specified or post-specified peers Identity hiding Early encryption (0-RTT) Mix in pre-shared keys Key confirmation, deniability, efficiency,
6 AKE patterns Framework of AKE patterns Easy to analyze their properties Easy to select based on requirements Easy to instantiate and implement
7 AKE g x g y shared_key = g xy
8 Server Auth g x g y, [certificates,] signature shared_key = g xy
9 Mutual Auth g x g y, [certificates,] signature [certificates,] signature shared_key = g xy
10 Details g x (can x be reused?) g y, [certificates,] signature [certificates,] signature shared_key = g xy
11 Details g x (can x be reused?) g y, [certificates,] signature(?) [certificates,] signature(?) shared_key = g xy
12 Details g x (can x be reused?) g y, [certificates,] signature(?) [certificates,] signature(?) shared_key = H(g xy )
13 Details g x (one-time ephemeral) g y, [certificates,] signature(?) [certificates,] signature(?) shared_key = H(g xy )
14 Details g x (one-time ephemeral) g y, [certificates,] signature(h) [certificates,] signature(h) shared_key = H(g xy ) h = hash of handshake so far
15 Details g x (one-time ephemeral) g y, [certificates,] signature(h) [certificates,] signature(h) shared_key = Hash(g xy ) h = hash of handshake so far
16 Details g x (one-time ephemeral) g y, [certificates,] signature(h) [certificates,] signature(h) shared_key = Hash(g xy h) h = hash of handshake so far
17 Identity hiding g x (one-time ephemeral) g y,<dh>, [certificates,] signature(h) [certificates,] signature(h) shared_key = Hash(g xy h) h = hash of handshake so far
18 Simplifying g x (one-time ephemeral) g y, <DH>, [certificates,] signature(h) [certificates,] signature(h)
19 Simplifying e e, <DH>, [certificates,] signature(h) [certificates,] signature(h)
20 Simplifying e e, <DH>, [certificates,] signature [certificates,] signature
21 Simplifying e e, <DH>, s, signature s, signature
22 Simplifying e, [payload] e, <DH>, s, signature, [payload] s, signature, [payload]
23 Simplifying e e, <DH>, s, signature s, signature
24 Noise patterns e e, dhee, s, dhse s, dhse s i s r e i e r
25 Noise patterns e e, dhee, s, dhse s, dhse s i s r e i e r
26 Noise patterns e e, dhee, s, dhse s, dhse e: Send ephemeral public key s: Send static public key (encrypt if shared key exists) dh[send][recv]: Mix the specified DH into the shared key
27 MQV? e e, dhee, s s, MQV s i s r e i e r
28 Noise patterns (Ntor?) e e, dhee, dhse s i s r e i e r
29 0-RTT encryption e, dhes e, dhee s i s r e i e r
30 0-RTT + client auth e, dhes, s, dhss e, dhee, dhes s i s r e i e r
31 0-RTT encryption e, dhes e, dhee s i s r e i e r
32 0-RTT (QUIC?) e, dhee e, dhee, dhse s i s r e i e r e r '
33 0-RTT + client auth e, dhee, s, dhse e, dhee, dhse, dhes s i s r e i e r e r '
34 Public-key encryption e, dhes s i s r e i e r
35 Authenticated encryption e, dhes, dhss s i s r e i e r
36 Protocol names Noise_pattern_dh_cipher_hash Noise_XX_25519_AESGCM_SHA256 Noise_IK_448_ChaChaPoly_BLAKE2b Noise_NX_25519_AESGCM_BLAKE2s
37 Symmetric crypto Key derivation (KDF) Bind keys to context
38 Strategy Mix all secrets into a chaining key and encryption key Encrypt everything except ephemerals, once an encryption key is present Hash all transcript into handshake hash Authenticate handshake hash in all handshake encryptions
39 Symmetric state h ck k n h = handshake hash ck = chaining key k = encryption key n = encryption nonce (counter)
40 Hashing inputs h ck k n input HASH h h = HASH(h input)
41 Hashing inputs h ck k n input HASH h input HASH h
42 KDF h ck k n KDF input ck k 0 ck, k = HKDF(salt=ck, input)
43 KDF h ck k n KDF input ck k 0 temp = HMAC(ck, input) ck = HMAC(temp, 0x01) k = HMAC(temp, ck 0x02)
44 KDF h ck k n KDF input ck k 0 KDF input ck k 0
45 Handshake encryption h ck k n (associated data) ENCRYPT plaintext HASH ciphertext h n+1
46 Handshake decryption h ck k n (associated data) DECRYPT ciphertext HASH plaintext h n+1
47 h ck k n protocol name prologue e e, dhee, s, dhse s, dhse
48 e h ck k n protocol name prologue e payload e, dhee, s, dhse s, dhse
49 e h ck k n protocol name prologue e payload e e, dhee, s, dhse s, dhse
50 e e, dhee, s, dhse h ck k n 0 protocol name prologue e payload e dhee s, dhse
51 e e, dhee, s, dhse s, dhse h ck k decrypt n 0 protocol name prologue e payload e dhee s
52 e e, dhee, s, dhse s, dhse h ck k decrypt n 0 protocol name prologue e payload e dhee s 0 dhse
53 e e, dhee, s, dhse s, dhse h ck k decrypt n 0 protocol name prologue e payload e dhee s 0 dhse decrypt payload
54 e e, dhee, s, dhse s, dhse h ck k decrypt n 0 protocol name prologue e payload e dhee s 0 dhse decrypt payload encrypt 1 s
55 e h ck k n protocol name prologue e payload e dhee e, dhee, s, dhse decrypt 0 s s, dhse 0 dhse decrypt payload encrypt 1 s 0 dhse
56 e h ck k n protocol name prologue e payload e dhee e, dhee, s, dhse decrypt 0 0 s dhse s, dhse decrypt payload encrypt 1 s 0 dhse encrypt payload
57 e h ck k decrypt n 0 protocol name prologue e payload e dhee s e, dhee, s, dhse 0 dhse decrypt payload s, dhse encrypt 1 s 0 dhse encrypt payload <split> SEND RECV
58 The future? Find more users Get more analysis New patterns and crypto functions Extend the language, new symmetric crypto?
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