The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)

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1 The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) Merging the Internet and the Cellular Worlds Third Edition Gonzalo Camarillo Ericsson, Finland Miguel A. García-Martín Ericsson, Spain A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, Publication

3 The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)

5 The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) Merging the Internet and the Cellular Worlds Third Edition Gonzalo Camarillo Ericsson, Finland Miguel A. García-Martín Ericsson, Spain A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, Publication

6 This edition first published 2008 c 2008 John Wiley & Sons Ltd First edition first published 2004 c 2004 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Second edition first published 2005 c 2005 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Registered office John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Camarillo, Gonzalo. The 3G IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) : merging the Internet and the cellular worlds / Gonzalo Camarillo, Miguel A. García-Martín. 3rd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical reference and index. ISBN (cloth) 1. Wireless communication systems. 2. Mobile communication systems. 3. Multimedia communications. 4. Internet Protocol multimedia subsystem. I. García-Martín, Miguel A. II. Title. TK C dc A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN (HB) Set in 10/12pt Times by Sunrise Setting Ltd, Torquay, UK. Printed in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, England.

7 To my parents, Anselmo and Isabel; my brothers, Alvaro, Daniel, and Ignacio; and Viviana. They all are a source of energy and motivation in everything I do. Gonzalo To my daughter Maria Elizabeth, who was born at the time I started writing this book she is the sunshine of my life; my wife Jelena, who provided me with all the support and love I needed; my parents, José and Mari-Luz, my aunt Feli, my brother Javier José who, through the distance, encouraged and supported me during this project. Miguel Angel

9 Contents Foreword by Stephen Hayes Foreword by Allison Mankin and Jon Peterson About the Authors Preface to the Third Edition Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition Acknowledgements xxi xxiii xxv xxvii xxix xxxi xxxiii Part I Introduction to the IMS 1 1 IMS Vision: Where Do We Want to Go? TheInternet TheCellularWorld WhydoweneedtheIMS? RelationbetweenIMSandnon-IMSServices The History of the IMS Standardization RelationsbetweenIMS-relatedStandardizationBodies InternetEngineeringTaskForce StructureoftheIETF WorkingGroupOperations TypesofRFCs ThirdGenerationPartnershipProject GPPStructure GPPDeliverables ThirdGenerationPartnershipProject GPP2Structure GPP2Deliverables IETF-3GPP/3GPP2Collaboration InternetArea... 18

10 viii CONTENTS OperationsandManagementArea TransportArea Open Mobile Alliance OMAReleasesandSpecifications RelationshipbetweenOMAand3GPP/3GPP RelationshipbetweenOMAandtheIETF General Principles of the IMS Architecture FromCircuit-switchedtoPacket-switched GSMCircuit-switched GSMPacket-switched IMSRequirements IP Multimedia Sessions QoS Interworking Roaming ServiceControl RapidServiceCreation Multiple Access OverviewofProtocolsusedintheIMS SessionControlProtocol TheAAAProtocol OtherProtocols OverviewofIMSArchitecture TheDatabases:theHSSandtheSLF TheCSCF TheP-CSCF P-CSCFLocation TheI-CSCF I-CSCFLocation TheS-CSCF S-CSCFLocation TheApplicationServer ASLocation TheMRF MRFLocation TheBGCF TheIMS-ALGandtheTrGW ThePSTN/CSGateway HomeandVisitedNetworks IdentificationintheIMS Public User Identities Private User Identities The Relation between Public User Identities and Private User Identities Public Service Identities

11 CONTENTS ix 3.6 SIM,USIM,andISIMin3GPP SIM USIM ISIM Next Generation Networks (NGN) NGNOverview TheCoreIMSinNGN Part II The Signaling Plane in the IMS 55 4 Session Control on the Internet SIP Functionality SessionDescriptionsandSDP TheOffer/AnswerModel SIPandSIPSURIs UserLocation SIP Entities ForkingProxies RedirectServers MessageFormat The Start Line in SIP Responses: the Status Line TheStartLineinSIPRequests:theRequestLine HeaderFields MessageBody SIPTransactions MessageFlowforSessionEstablishment SIPDialogs Record-Route, Route,andContact HeaderFields ExtendingSIP New Methods Caller Preferences and User Agent Capabilities Reliability of Provisional Responses Preconditions EventNotification HighNotificationRates Event Throttling ConditionalEventNotification SignalingCompression SigCompExtendedOperations StaticSIP/SDPDictionary ContentIndirection TheREFERMethod GloballyRoutableUserAgentURIs(GRUU) NATTraversal TypesofNAT STUN TURN ICE...106

12 x CONTENTS 5 Session Control in the IMS PrerequisitesforOperationintheIMS IPv4andIPv6intheIMS IP Connectivity Access Network P-CSCFDiscovery IMS-levelRegistration IMSRegistrationwithanISIM IMSRegistrationwithaUSIM Temporary Private User Identity Temporary Public User Identity HomeNetworkDomainURI RegistrationFlow Subscription to the reg EventState BasicSessionSetup TheIMSTerminalSendsanINVITERequest The Originating P-CSCF Processes the INVITE Request The Originating S-CSCF Processes the INVITE Request The Terminating I-CSCF Processes the INVITE Request The Terminating S-CSCF Processes the INVITE Request The Terminating P-CSCF Processes the INVITE Request TheCallee sterminalprocessestheinviterequest Processing the 183 Response The Caller s IMS Terminal Processes the 183 Response The Callee s IMS Terminal Processes the PRACK request AlertingtheCallee ApplicationServers:ProvidingServicestoUsers Generalities about Application Servers TypesofApplicationServers TheSIPApplicationServer TheOSA-SCS TheIM-SSFApplicationServer The Session Setup Model through Application Servers Application Server Acting as a SIP User Agent Application Server Acting as a SIP Proxy Server Application Server Acting as a SIP Redirect Server ApplicationServerActingasaSIPB2BUA Filter Criteria AnExampleofServiceExecution Changes due to Next Generation Networks (NGN) New SIP Functionality in NGN Unneeded IMS Functionality in NGN Interworking SIP PSTNInterworking GatewayArchitectureintheIMS TheBGCF InterworkingwithNon-IMSSIP-basedNetworks IPv4/IPv6Interworking...192

13 CONTENTS xi 5.11 CombinationalServices BasicSessionsNotRequiringResourceReservation TheCalleeDoesNotRequireResourceReservation TheCallerDoesNotRequireResourceReservation Neither the Caller Nor the Callee Require Resource Reservation GloballyRoutableUserAgentURIs(GRUU)inIMS IMSCommunicationServiceIdentifier(ICSI) IMSApplicationReferenceIdentifier(IARI) NATTraversalintheIMS AAA on the Internet Authentication,Authorization,andAccounting AAAFrameworkontheInternet TheDiameterProtocol DiameterSessions TheFormatofaDiameterMessage Attribute-ValuePairs The AAA and AAAS URIs DiameterBaseProtocolCommands AbortSessionRequestandAnswer(ASR,ASA) AccountingRequestandAnswer(ACR,ACA) Capabilities Exchange Request and Answer (CER, CEA) Device Watchdog Request and Answer (DWR, DWA) Disconnect Peer Request and Answer (DPR, DPA) Re-Authentication Request and Answer (RAR, RAA) Session Termination Request and Answer (STR, STA) DiameterBaseProtocolAVPs AAA in the IMS AuthenticationandAuthorizationintheIMS The Cx and Dx Interfaces Command Codes Defined in the Diameter Application for the Cx Interface User Authorization Request and Answer (UAR, UAA) Multimedia Auth Request and Answer (MAR, MAA) Server Assignment Request and Answer (SAR, SAA) Location Information Request and Answer (LIR, LIA) Registration Termination Request and Answer (RTR,RTA) PushProfileRequestandAnswer(PPR,PPA) AVPs Defined in the Diameter Application for the Cx Interface UsageofExistingAVPs TheUserProfile The Sh Interface Command Codes Defined in the Diameter Application for the Sh Interface UserDataRequestandAnswer(UDR,UDA) ProfileUpdateRequestandAnswer(PUR,PUA)...240

14 xii CONTENTS Subscribe Notifications Request and Answer (SNR,SNA) Push Notification Request and Answer (PNR, PNA) AVPs Defined in the Diameter Application for the Sh Interface Accounting Policy and Charging Control in the IMS PCCArchitecture SessionEstablishmentandPolicyControl SIPProcedures Proxy Access to SDP Bodies StatusoftheSignalingBearer The Rx Interface The Gx Interface ChargingArchitecture OfflineChargingArchitecture Charging-relatedSIPHeaderFields IMSTerminalinaVisitedNetwork IMSTerminalinitsHomeNetwork The Rf Interface The Ga Interface OnlineChargingArchitecture S-CSCF ApplicationServersandtheMRFC TypesofOnlineCharging UnitDetermination Rating TariffChanges The Ro Interface The Re Interface Quality of Service on the Internet IntegratedServices RSVP StateintheNetwork DifferentiatedServices Quality of Service in the IMS PolicyControlandQoS InstructionstoPerformResourceReservations ProxyModifyingBodies ReservationsbytheTerminals QoSintheNetwork...275

15 CONTENTS xiii 11 Security on the Internet HTTP Digest Access Authentication SecurityPropertiesofDigest Certificates TLS SIPUsage ClientAuthentication S/MIME Self-signedCertificates Authenticated Identity Body IPsec ESPandAH Tunnel and Transport Modes InternetKeyExchange IKESecurityAssociationEstablishment IPsecSecurityAssociationEstablishment Privacy EncryptingMediaStreams MIKEY Security in the IMS Access Security AuthenticationandAuthorization HTTP Digest Access Authentication HTTP Digest Access Authentication using AKA HTTP Digest Access Authentication with AKA: UICCContainsanISIM HTTP Digest Access Authentication with AKA: UICCContainsaUSIM IPsecSecurityAssociationEstablishment TLSConnectionEstablishment IP-CANLinkedAuthentication EarlyIMSSecuritySolution NASS-IMS Bundled Authentication NetworkSecurity TLSUsageforNetworkSecurity Emergency Calls on the Internet Introduction Location Acquisition ManualConfiguration LocationAcquiredfromDHCP LocationAcquiredfromLayer2Protocols LocationAcquiredfromApplicationLayerProtocols LocationAcquiredfromaGPS Wireless Triangulation IdentifyingEmergencyCalls LocatingtheClosestPSAP...319

The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)

The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) Merging the Internet and the Cellular Worlds Third Edition Gonzalo Camarillo Ericsson, Finland Miguel A. García-Martín Ericsson, Spain A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, Publication