RFID Based Luggage Tracking System With Security Alerts

Transcription

1 RFID Based Luggage Tracking System With Security Alerts Velpula Vijaya Kumar 1, Sk.Meeravali 2 RRS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERINGAND TECHNOLOGY, MUTHANGI,MEDAK. Abstract:- Mobile phones have become a widespread means of communication. It becomes a part of everyday life with ever more people enjoying the service and extra freedom they provide. It works on the basis of Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM). A subscriber from any systems can access telecommunication services by using a Subscriber Identify Module (SIM). The Short Message Service allows text messages to be sent and received to and from mobile telephones. The text can comprise words or numbers or an alphanumeric combination. Because Simple person - to - person messaging is such an important component of total SMS traffic volumes, anything that simplifies message generation as well as extended utility of the SMS being sent is an important enabler of Short Message Service. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a promising technology that has been implemented lately inairports. RFID tags are used to identify details of passengers' luggage. This paper investigates the use of an interactive bracelet that communicates with the RFID system by mean of a database application. The database system interacts with the bracelet using messages that inform the passenger about his luggage status. A GSM modem is interfaced to the to the microcontroller. There is an unique password for everyone s luggage that will be known only by the user. So if he enter the wrong password that message will be sent to the authorized person through GSM. The proposed database design in controller implementation is also discussed to describe the different functionalities of the application. This project uses regulated 5v, 500mA power supply and 7812 three terminal voltage regulators are used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac output of secondary of 230/12v step down transformer. The RFID module requires a separate +5v power supply. Keywords: - RFID,GSM,Moblie phone, Micro Controller. I.INTRODUCTION An Embedded System is a combination of computer hardware and software, and perhaps additional mechanical or other parts, designed to perform a specific function. An embedded system is a microcontrollerbased, software driven, reliable, real-time control system, autonomous, or human or network interactive, operating on diverse physical variables and in diverse environments and sold into a competitive and cost conscious market. An embedded system is not a computer system that is used primarily for processing, not a software system on PC or UNIX, not a traditional business or scientific application. High-end embedded & lower end embedded systems. High-end embedded system - Generally 32, 64 Bit Controllers used with OS. Examples Personal Digital Assistant and Mobile phones etc.lower end embedded systems - Generally 8,16 Bit Controllers used with an minimal operating IJVRIN.COM APRIL/2014 Page 510

2 systems and hardware layout designed for the specific purpose. SYSTEM DESIGN CALLS: Figure: Embedded system design calls EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN CYCLE Testability Setting up equipment to test embedded software can be difficult Debugability Without a screen or a keyboard, finding out what the software is doing wrong (other than not working) is a troublesome problem Cost Reducing the cost of the hardware is a concern in many embedded system projects; software often operates on hardware that is barely adequate for the job. Embedded systems have a microprocessor/ microcontroller and a memory. Some have a serial port or a network connection. They usually do not have keyboards, screens or disk drives. Figure:2(b) V Diagram Characteristics of Embedded System An embedded system is any computer system hidden inside a product other than a computer. They will encounter a number of difficulties when writing embedded system software in addition to those we encounter when we write applications Throughput Our system may need to handle a lot of data in a short period of time. Response Our system may need to react to events quickly APPLICATIONS 1) Military and aerospace embedded software applications 2) Communication Applications 3) Industrial automation and process control software 4) Mastering the complexity of applications. 5) Reduction of product design time. 6) Real time processing of ever increasing amounts of data. 7) Intelligent, autonomous sensors. CLASSIFICATION Real Time Systems. RTS is one which has to respond to events within a specified deadline. A right answer after the dead line is a wrong answer. RTS CLASSIFICATION Hard Real Time Systems IJVRIN.COM APRIL/2014 Page 511

3 IPHV7I10017X Soft Real Time System HARD REAL TIME SYSTEM "Hard" real-time systems have very narrow response time. Example: Nuclear power system, Cardiac pacemaker. SOFT REAL TIME SYSTEM "Soft" real-time systems have reduced constrains on "lateness" but still must operate very quickly and repeatable. Example: Railway reservation system takes a few extra seconds the data remains valid. ARM(Advanced Risc Machine) ARM stands for Advanced RISC machine. The first processor in ARM family was developed at Acorn Computers Ltd between October 1983 and April Acorn Computers was a British computer company established in Cambridge, England, in The company worked for Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) processor design. The company produced a variety of of computers which were very popular in the United Kingdom. These included the Acorn Electron, the BBC Micro and the Acorn Archimedes. Particularly BBC Micro computer dominated the UK educational computer market during the 1980s and early 1990s. ARM Limited is a processors design and development company, headquartered in Cambridge, England, UK. Founded in 1990, The ARM company was founded as a joint venture between Acorn Computers, Apple Computer and VLSI Technology, intended to further the development of the Acorn RISC Machine's RISC chip. Today ARM company is considered to be market dominant in the field of mobile phone chips, due to its power saving features. Over the last 15 years, the ARM architecture has become most pervasive architecture for several 32 bit embedded processing applications. The most successful implementation has been the ARM7TDMI with hundreds of millions sold in almost every kind of microcontroller equipped products. ARM offers its popular microcontroller and microprocessor cores 1 which are manufactured by several leading chip manufacturers. On 22 nd Jan, 2008, ARM announced that the total number of processors shipped by its Partners has exceeded ten billion. II. LPC2148 (ARM7) MICROCONTROLLER The LPC2148 microcontrollers are based on a 32 bit ARM7TDMI-S CPU with real-time emulation and embedded trace support, that combines the microcontroller with embedded high speed flash memory of 512 kb. A 128-bit wide memory interface and a unique accelerator architecture enable 32-bit code execution at the maximum clock rate. For critical code size applications, the alternative 16-bit Thumb mode reduces the code by more than 30 % with minimal performance penalty. Due to their tiny size and low power consumption, LPC2148 microcontrollers are ideal for the applications where miniaturization is a key requirement, such as access IJVRIN.COM APRIL/2014 Page 512

4 control and point-of-sale. A blend of serial communications interfaces ranging from a USB 2.0 Full Speed device, multiple UARTS, SPI, SSP to I2Cs and on-chip SRAM of 8 kb up to 40 kb, make these devices very well suited for communication gateways and protocol converters, soft modems, voice recognition and low end imaging, providing both large buffer size and high processing power. Various 32-bit timers, single or dual 10-bit ADC(s), 10-bit DAC, PWM channels and 45 fast GPIO lines with up to nine edge or level sensitive external interrupt pins make these microcontrollers particularly suitable for industrial control and medical systems. Features of LPC2148 Microcontroller :- 16/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S microcontroller in a tiny LQFP64 package. 8 to 40 kb of on-chip static RAM and 32 to 512 kb of on-chip flash program memory. 128 bit wide interface/accelerator enables high speed 60 MHz operation. In-System/In-Application Programming (ISP/IAP) via onchip boot-loader software. Single flash sector or full chip erase in 400 ms and programming of 256 bytes in 1 ms. EmbeddedICE RT and Embedded Trace interfaces offer real-time debugging with the on-chip RealMonitor software and high speed tracing of instruction execution. USB 2.0 Full Speed compliant Device Controller with 2 kb of endpoint RAM. In addition, the LPC2146/8 provide 8 kb of on-chip RAM accessible to USB by DMA. One or two (LPC2141/2 vs. LPC2144/6/8) 10-bit A/D converters provide a total of 6/14 analog inputs, with conversion times as low as 2.44 μs per channel. Single 10-bit D/A converter provides variable analog output. Two 32-bit timers/external event counters (with four capture and four compare channels each), PWM unit (six outputs) and watchdog. Low power real-time clock with independent power and dedicated 32 khz clock input. Multiple serial interfaces including two UARTs (16C550), two Fast I2C-bus (400 kbit/s), SPI and SSP with buffering and variable data length capabilities. Vectored interrupt controller with configurable priorities and vector addresses. Up to 45 of 5 V tolerant fast general purpose I/O pins in a tiny LQFP64 package. IJVRIN.COM APRIL/2014 Page 513

5 Up to nine edge or level sensitive external interrupt pins available. 60 MHz maximum CPU clock available from programmable onchip PLL with settling time of 100 μs. On-chip integrated oscillator operates with an external crystal in range from 1 MHz to 30 MHz and with an external oscillator up to 50 MHz. Power saving modes include Idle and Power-down. Individual enable/disable of peripheral functions as well as peripheral clock scaling for additional power optimization. Processor wake-up from Powerdown mode via external interrupt, USB, Brown-Out Detect (BOD) or Real-Time Clock (RTC). Single power supply chip with Power-On Reset (POR) and BOD circuits: CPU operating voltage range of 3.0 V to 3.6 V (3.3 V ± 10 %) with 5 V tolerant I/O pads. Block Diagram of LPC2148 Microcontroller :- Description about the Block Diagram :- On chip Flash Program Memory : - LPC 2148 is having 512 kb Flash memory. This memory may be used for both code and data storage. Programming of the flash memory may be accomplished in several ways(isp/iap). IJVRIN.COM APRIL/2014 Page 514

6 On chip Static RAM :- On-chip static RAM may be used for code and/or data storage. The SRAM may be accessed as 8-bit, 16- bit, and 32-bit. An 8 kb SRAM block intended to be utilized mainly by the USB Interrupt Controller :- The Vectored Interrupt Controller (VIC) accepts all of the interrupt request inputs and categorizes them as Fast Interrupt Request (FIQ), vectored Interrupt Request (IRQ), and nonvectored IRQ as defined by programmable settings. Analog to Digital Converter :- LPC2148 contains two analog to digital converters(adc0 & ADC1 ). Total number of available ADC inputs is 14. These two ADC s are 10 bit successive approximation analog to digital converters. Measurement range of 0 V to VREF. Global Start command for both converters. Digital to Analog Converter :- The DAC enables to generate a variable analog output. The maximum DAC output voltage is the VREF voltage. 10-bit DAC. Buffered output. Power-down mode available. USB 2.0 Device Controller :- The USB is a 4-wire serial bus that supports communication between a host and a number (127 max) of peripherals. Enables 12 Mbit/s data exchange with a USB host controller. A DMA controller (available only in LPC2146/48) can transfer data between an endpoint buffer and the USB RAM. UART :- LPC2148 contains two UARTs( UART0 & UART1). In addition to standard transmit and receive data lines, the LPC2148 UART1 also provides a full modem control handshake interface. 16 byte Receive and Transmit FIFOs. It contains Builtin fractional baud rate generator covering wide range of baud rates without a need for external crystals of particular values. I 2 C-bus serial I/O controller :- I 2 C is a bidirectional. It is a multimaster bus, it can be controlled by more than one bus master connected to it. It supports bit rates up to 400 kbit/s. Bidirectional data transfer between masters and slaves. Serial clock synchronization allows devices with different bit rates to communicate via one serial bus. Serial clock synchronization can be used as a handshake mechanism to suspend and resume serial transfer. SPI serial I/O control :- It is s a full duplex serial interface, designed to handle multiple masters and slaves connected to a given bus. Synchronous, Serial, Full Duplex Communication. IJVRIN.COM APRIL/2014 Page 515

7 SSP serial I/O control :- Supports full duplex transfers. Data frames of 4 bits to 16 bits of data flowing from the master to the slave and from the slave to the master. Synchronous serial communication. Master or slave operation. 8-frame FIFOs for both transmit and receive. Four bits to 16 bits per frame Timers :- LPC 2148 has two 32-bit timer/counters with a programmable 32-bit prescaler. It also having external External event counter. Four 32-bit capture channels per timer/counter that can take a snapshot of the timer value when an input signal transitions. A capture event may also optionally generate an interrupt. III. KEIL SOFTWARE Keil compiler is software used where the machine language code is written and compiled. After compilation, the machine source code is converted into hex code which is to be dumped into the microcontroller for further processing. Keil compiler also supports C language code. STEPS TO WRITE AN ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAM IN KEIL AND HOW TO COMPILE IT: 1. Install the Keil Software in the PC in any of the drives. 2. After installation, an icon will be created with the name Keil uvision3. Just drag this icon onto the desktop so that it becomes easy whenever you try to write programs in Keil. 3. Double click on this icon to start the keil compiler. 4. A page opens with different options in it showing the project workspace at the leftmost corner side, output window in the bottom and an ash coloured space for the program to be written. 5. Now to start using the keil, click on the option project. 6. A small window opens showing the options like new project, import project, open project etc. Click on New project. 7. A small window with the title bar Create new project opens. The window asks the user to give the project name with which it should be created and the destination location. The project can be created in any of the drives available. You can create a new folder and then a new file or can create directly a new file. 8. After the file is saved in the given destination location, a window opens where a list of vendors will be displayed and you have to select the device for the target you have created. 9. The most widely used vendor is Atmel. So click on Atmel and now the family of microcontrollers manufactured by Atmel opens. You can select any one of the microcontrollers according to the requirement. IJVRIN.COM APRIL/2014 Page 516

8 IV.CONCLUSION We are implementing this project by using RFID&GSM.RFID technology can be used for identification, tracking, locating and monitoring both people and items. As the cost of the RFID technology has begun to fall, currently the baggage tracking is the field in the aviation sector where RFID has proved most useful, and is becoming widely adopted.using RFID for passenger and baggage handling makes the processes fully automated and minimises the manual task. V. REFERANCES [1] Abdel-hafeez.S.,Sawalmeh.A. and Bataineh.S., High Performance AES Design using Pipelining Structure over GF(28) IEEE Inter Conf.Signal 719,Nov [2] J.Yang, J.Ding, N.Li and Y.X.Guo, FPGA-based design and implementation of reduced AES algorithm IEEE Inter.Conf. Chal Envir Sci Com Engin(CESCE).,Vol.02, Issue.5-6, pp.67-70, Jun [3] A.M.Deshpande, M.S.Deshpande and D.N.Kayatanavar, FPGA Implementation of AES Encryption and Decryption IEEE Inter.Conf.Cont,Auto,Com,and Ener., vol.01,issue04, pp.1-6,jun [4] Hiremath.S. and Suma.M.S., Advanced Encryption Standard Implemented on FPGA IEEE Inter.Conf. Comp Elec Proc and Com.,vol.24-27, pp.716- Engin.(IECEE),vol.02,issue.28,pp ,Dec [5] AI-Wen Luo, Qing-Ming Yi, Min Shi. Design and Implementation of Area-optimized AES /2011. [6] Rizk.M.R.M. and Morsy, M., Optimized Area and Optimized Speed Hardware Implementations of AES on FPGA, IEEE Inter Conf. Desig Wor.,vol.1,issue.16,pp , Dec IJVRIN.COM APRIL/2014 Page 517 on Tes [7] Liberatori.M.,Otero.F.,Bonadero.J.C. and Castineira.J. AES-128 Cipher. High Speed, Low Cost FPGA Implementation, IEEE Conf. Southern Programmable 198,Jun FPGA,IEEE Inter.conf.chal sci com engin., ogic(spl),vol.04,issue.07,pp.195- [8] Abdelhalim.M.B., Aslan.H.K. and Farouk.H. A design for an FPGAbased implementation of Rijndael cipher,itict. Ena Techn N Kn vol.5,issue.6,pp ,dec Soc.(ETNKS), [9] Fedaral Information Processing Standards publication 197 November 26,2001 ADVANCED ENCRYPTION STANDARD (AES). [10] Architectures and VLSI Implementations of the AES-Proposal Rijndael. N. Sklavos and O. Koufopavlou,.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS, VOL. 51, NO. 12, DECEMBER [11] NIST, Advanced Encryption Standard (AES),NIST,FIPS-197,2001. [12] http : // Advanced Encryption Standardwikipedia, the free encyclopedia.html.