Applying Semantic Web in Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing: Will Policy-Awareness Help?
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1 Applying Semantic Web in Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing: Will Policy-Awareness Help? Ora Lassila Research Fellow Nokia Research Center Burlington, MA, USA Cambridge November NOKIA lassila-isvc2005-slides.ppt / / ora What Do I Want to Say, and Why? I have started to think that ubiquitous computing may not happen without Semantic Web technologies what are the key technologies we need? what are the important topics for further research? I d like to see the Semantic Web community focus on other things than just the Web We (Nokia Research Center) have started a new lab and I would like to advertise it 2 NOKIA lassila-isvc2005-slides.ppt / / ora 1
2 My Game Plan 1. Issues in Mobile & Ubiquitous Computing 2. Using the Semantic Web 3. Context-Awareness & Policy-Awareness 4. Conclusions (if any) 5. Discussion 3 NOKIA lassila-isvc2005-slides.ppt / / ora! WARNING! Contains Personal Opinions Mobile Web Access Today Web access on mobile devices is available today Some technical limitations exist network (narrow bandwidth, high latency) display (typically small) input (often no full keyboard) Content is designed for standard devices (= PCs: high bandwidth, large display) most (commercial) content is rendering-oriented 4 NOKIA lassila-isvc2005-slides.ppt / / ora 2
3 Some Issues with Mobile Web Access We can overcome the technical limitations, but the real limitations are of different nature Mobile devices are used in unusual situations when laptops, etc., are not viable (e.g., in the car) typically, when paying attention to something else mobile users are attention-constrained consequently, browsing might not be the ideal paradigm for information access What do we need? information/content that s not rendering-oriented more automation (now, humans essentially do all the work) 5 NOKIA lassila-isvc2005-slides.ppt / / ora Ubiquitous Computing (1) Ubiquitous Computing is an interoperability nightmare! instead of occasionally connecting a handful of devices, dynamically connect/disconnect/reconnect possibly hundreds of devices Traditional approach to interoperability: standardization anticipate everything about the future and a priori agree on how to act (or: force all interactions to a restricted set of possibilities) What about unanticipated situations? how do you agree dynamically on how to behave in a situation that wasn t covered by a standard? not future-proof 6 NOKIA lassila-isvc2005-slides.ppt / / ora 3
4 Ubiquitous Computing (2) Connections with public and/or untrusted devices cf. policy-awareness We may need to borrow functionality from other devices uniform representation of functionality is useful (e.g., Semantic Web Services) this implies that we need to be able to represent and reason about contracts, payments, etc. (alternatively: digital communism ) The Ubiquitous Computing vision is largely contingent on future-proofing getting unanticipated encounters of devices to work 7 NOKIA lassila-isvc2005-slides.ppt / / ora Now Forget All About the Web Information, in more raw form, with semantics, can be used in many different ways not tied to specific rendering, specific device, specific browser, etc. Modern PC applications are essentially just repositories for information (typically) in proprietary formats combining or sharing information across application boundaries is impossible or difficult at best any two applications can be engineered to enable information exchange, but we cannot anticipate all possible pairings In addition to the explicitly represented information, these systems hold a lot of implicit information implicit information is largely inaccessible to current applications 8 NOKIA lassila-isvc2005-slides.ppt / / ora 4
5 Implicit Explicit e.g., your calendar may indicate that you have a flight reservation from Boston to Helsinki implying that if you take the flight, you will then be in Helsinki this information may be more useful (say, for meeting planning) Use of reasoning (= logical inference) will allow us to access the implicit information What do we need? ubiquitous reasoning functionality/services ontologies for all kinds of common concepts & information, e.g. PIM data geographical and organizational concepts (and instances) classification of information (e.g., photo content) 9 NOKIA lassila-isvc2005-slides.ppt / / ora Context-Awareness context = information about current situation Can guide decisions about what information gets presented (and how) optimization of user interfaces Can assist service discovery Automation & autonomy contextual information can be used to limit choices in planning Context-determination is easier if you have access to maximal amount of information enter policy-awareness 10 NOKIA lassila-isvc2005-slides.ppt / / ora 5
6 Policy-Awareness Ability to represent, reason about, and enforce policies Policies are prescriptive representations on how to act in some future situation can control data access and usage (security & privacy) support autonomous behavior what about contracts? Trying to determine current context benefits from policyawareness e.g., access to some information permitted given that it is only used for context-determination 11 NOKIA lassila-isvc2005-slides.ppt / / ora Conclusions (1) Semantic Web (representation + reasoning) helps with interoperability can be used in making implicit information explicit is a step towards making computers do more on our behalf Semantic Web techniques useful when implementing contexts & context-awareness [Lassila & Khushraj 2005] policy-awareness [Kagal 2004] 12 NOKIA lassila-isvc2005-slides.ppt / / ora 6
7 Conclusions (2) Mobile Information Access will benefit from information that does not presuppose presentation can exploit contextual information Ubiquitous Computing is an interoperability nightmare needs technologies for future-proofing We need a rich representation of policies (and a framework for their enforcement) Many problems in mobile and ubiquitous computing are (ultimately) problems of representation 13 NOKIA lassila-isvc2005-slides.ppt / / ora Questions? Comments? Time to wake up! mailto:ora.lassila@nokia.com thanks to my colleagues Deepali Khushraj, Mark Adler and Heli Nyholm 14 NOKIA lassila-isvc2005-slides.ppt / / ora 7
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