. Fill in the Blank: A directory named mydir has just been... Points:10. Add Question Success: 64 questions added as a copy.

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1 . Fill in the Blank: A directory named mydir has just been... Success: 64 questions added as a copy. A directory named mydir has just been created with the touch command. Nochmod commands have been issued for the file. An ls -ld mydir shows the following: -rwx-wxr-- 1 mancini faculty 770 Jan mydir What was the value of the umask? Evaluation Method Exact Match 043 Case Sensitivity 2. Short : A link in /etc/rc5.d is named S85http... A link in /etc/rc5.d is named S85httpd. What can you tell about the purpose of the file and when it will be used? How do you know this information? It will be used when the system transitions to run level 5 from a lower run level. (You know this because of the link's location in rc5.d and the first letter of its name.) It will run after any links in this directory which have names containing the numbers 0-84, and it will start the http daemon.

2 3. Multiple Choice: All of the following are included in... All of the following are included in the Linux file system EXCEPT The items in all of the other answers are included in the file system Representations of input and output devices Representations of processes Kernel data structures 4. Multiple Choice: An account has a UID of 175. What typ... An account has a UID of 175. What type of account is it most likely to be? A user account A system account A pseudo-user account

3 It is equally likely to be any of these three types of accounts 5. Multiple Choice: An account has a UID of 7. What type... An account has a UID of 7. What type of account is it most likely to be? A system account A pseudo-user account A user account It is equally likely to be any of these three types of accounts 6. Multiple Choice: An account has a UID of 75. What type... An account has a UID of 75. What type of account is it most likely to be?

4 A pseudo-user account A system account A user account It is equally likely to be any of these types of accounts 7. Fill in the Blank: An ordinary file named myfile has jus... An ordinary file named myfile has just been created with the touch command. No chmod commands have been issued for the file. An ls -l myfile shows the following: --w-rw-r-- 1 mancini faculty 770 Jan myfile What was the value of the umask? Evaluation Method Exact Match 402 Case Sensitivity 8. Multiple Choice: As part of your new job, you will nee...

5 As part of your new job, you will need to maintain a distro of Linux which you have not used before. Which man is most likely to help you learn where different types of information are stored in this distro? hier fs locations filesystem 9. Short : Compare and contrast top and ps. When... Compare and contrast top and ps. When would it be better to use which tool? top and ps both list running processes. top is updated dynamically (every ten seconds by default) and so is better if you wish to see how processes are operating over a period of time. ps just provides a single, static, snapshot. The downside of top is that it is CPU intensive and might cause problems as a consequence 10. Short : Describe the difference in usage betw...

6 Describe the difference in usage between the terms "gigabyte" and "gibibyte." : A gigabyte might (depending on context) either mean 2 30 bytes or 10 9 bytes. There has been a push to disambiguate the term gigabyte by having it refer ONLY to 10 9 bytes; the term gibibyte was introduced to mean specifically 2 30 bytes. 11. Fill in the Blank: Despite common wisdom, it is sometime... Despite common wisdom, it is sometimes a good idea to write passwords down. Provide one justification for this statement. Discuss ways to keep written passwords secure. Evaluation Method Exact Match One possible answer: It is good to have a root password written down in the event that the sole person who knows the password is incapacitated or is fired. The password may be placed in a tamper-evident, serial-numbered baggie and then in a safe to make it less likely that someone unauthorized will read the password. Case Sensitivity

7 12. Short : Examine the man page for the shadow s... Examine the man page for the shadow standard file format. (Hint: Do NOT look at the man page for the shadow library call.) Enter below the three-word description shadow given in the NAME section of the man page. encrypted password file 13. Multiple Choice: If the user does not choose an OS to... If the user does not choose an OS to boot to during system startup, you would like the computer to boot to the second partition. What would you type in the appropriate configuration file to accomplish this? default=1 default=2 partition=1 partition=2

8 14. Fill in the Blank: In what directory are the password-re... Evaluation Method Exact Match In what directory are the password-related files typically located? /etc Case Sensitivity 15. Short : List five duties typically assigned t... List five duties typically assigned to a system administrator. s may vary. Possible answers include: s may vary, but could include: (De-)provisioning accounts Adding and removing hardware Performing backups Installing, upgrading, and removing software

9 Monitoring the system Troubleshooting Maintaining local documentation Monitoring security Fighting fires and other duties as assigned 16. Matching: Match each run level with its most ty... Match each run level with its most typical meaning. Each run level will be used exactly once. Match Items Items A. - A. A. off B. - B. Use X Windows login C. - C. reboot D. - D. A typical default run level 0 B. 5 C. 6 D. 2 E. - E. E.

10 single-user mode Matching: Match each signal to the appropriate... Match each signal to the appropriate description. Match Items Items A. - A. A. Signal sent when you hit CTRL^C B. - B. Forces kernel termination of process C. - C. Suspends a process D. - D. "Unpauses" a process INT B. KILL C. STOP D. CONT 18. Ordering: Place the following bootstrap process...

11 Place the following bootstrap processes in the order in which they would occur Display Order 1. Execute system startup scripts 2. Read bootloader from the master boot record 3. Detect and configure devices 4. Load and initialize the kernel 5. Create kernel processes Correct Order 2. Read bootloader from the master boot record 4. Load and initialize the kernel 3. Detect and configure devices 5. Create kernel processes 1. Execute system startup scripts 19. Short : Short answer: Describe what would hap...

12 Short answer: Describe what would happen if the following were executed. Assume the existence of any file mentioned: cat myfile head The first ten lines of myfile will be displayed 20. Short : Short answer: Describe what would hap... Short answer: Describe what would happen if the following were executed. Assume the existence of any file mentioned: uniq myfile > head The contents of the file myfile (with adjacent duplicate lines represented only once) will be put into the file head, overwriting that file's original contents, 21. Short : Short answer: Describe what would hap...

13 Short answer: Describe what would happen if the following were executed. Assume the existence of any file mentioned: date >> head The current date and time will be appended to the file head. 22. Short : Short answer: Describe what would hap... Short answer: Describe what would happen if the following were executed. Assume the existence of any file mentioned: whoami tee /dev/tty cat > temp The userid would appear on the user's screen and also be put into a file called temp, overwriting temp'soriginal contents. 23. Short : State three advantages of sudo over su. State three advantages of sudo over su.

14 One possible answer: Fewer people need to know the root password, so it is easier to change the password and he password will need to be changed less often due to personnel changes. All uses of sudoare logged. The /etc/sudoers file provides easy documentation of who is allowed to do what. One sudo file can be used to control access to an entire network. 24. Multiple Choice: Suppose a file had the following perm... Suppose a file had the following permissions: r-xrwxr-x Assume that the permissions will not be changed by anyone. Would the user be able to write to the file, and why or why not? The user would not be allowed to write to the file since the user's permissions take precedence over the group's or other permissions for the file's owner. The user would not be allowed to write to the file since two of the three write permissions are denied for the user, and when there is a conflict, majority rules. The user would be allowed to write to the file because a file's owner is automatically allowed to do whatever they want with it. The user would be allowed to write to the file because the user's group is allowed to write to it, and the user is a member of that group. 25. Multiple Choice: Suppose an ls -l of a file shows the...

15 Suppose an ls -l of a file shows the following: -rwx mancini faculty 770 Jan addresses The owner of the file wishes to rename the file to addresses.old and issues the following command: mv addresses addresses.old The command is not successful. Which of the following is the most likely reason for the failure? The directory in which addresses is located does not grant the user write permission. The user does not have write permission to the file addresses. The file addresses.old already exists. Linux file names can not contain periods. 26. Short : Suppose for the following question th... Suppose for the following question that there is a variable called whoami that had the value me. Also suppose you are logged in as jsmith. What would be the output of the following command? echo "I am whoami" I am whoami

16 27. Short : Suppose for the following question th... Suppose for the following question that there is a variable called whoami that had the value me. Also suppose you are logged in as jsmith. What would be the output of the following command? echo 'I am whoami' (Note: The punctuation marks are single quotes.) I am whoami 28. Short : Suppose for the following question th... Suppose for the following question that there is a variable called whoami that had the value me. Also suppose you are logged in as jsmith. What would be the output of the following command? echo `I am whoami` (Note: The punctuation marks are back ticks.) -bash: I: command not found

17 29. Short : Suppose for the following question th... Suppose for the following question that there is a variable called whoami that had the value me. Also suppose you are logged in as jsmith. What would be the output of the following command? echo I am `whoami` (Note: The punctuation marks are back ticks.) I am jsmith 30. Short : Suppose for the following question th... Suppose for the following question that there is a variable called whoami that had the value me. Also suppose you are logged in as jsmith. What would be the output of the following command? echo "I am $whoami" I am me

18 31. Short : Suppose for the following question th... Suppose for the following question that there is a variable called whoami that had the value me. Also suppose you are logged in as jsmith. What would be the output of the following command? echo 'I am $whoami' (Note: The punctuation marks are single quotes.) I am $whoami 32. Short : Suppose for the following question th... Suppose for the following question that there is a variable called whoami that had the value me. Also suppose you are logged in as jsmith. What would be the output of the following command? echo "I am `$whoami`" (Note: The outer punctuation marks are double quotes; the inner ones are back ticks.) -bash: me: command not found

19 33. Multiple Choice: Suppose that you wish to boot from a... Suppose that you wish to boot from a USB drive instead of from the hard drive from which you normally boot. You might have to configure an option in which of the following locations in order to accomplish this? BIOS NBR RAM autoexec.bat 34. Fill in the Blank: Suppose you wish to have all non-hidd... Suppose you wish to have all non-hidden files in AND UNDER the current directory to have the following permissions:

20 Evaluation Method rwxr-x--x You wish to set the permissions with a single command at the command line, and you wish to use numeric representations of permissions. What could you type at the command line to accomplish this? Case Sensitivity Exact Match chmod -R 751 * Case Sensitive 35. Fill in the Blank: The output of an ls -l includes the f... The output of an ls -l includes the following: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Feb 13 12:51 X -> Y Evaluation Method Exact Match What type of file is depicted? A symbolic (soft) link Case Sensitivity 36. Fill in the Blank: The output of an ls -l includes the f...

21 The output of an ls -l includes the following: Evaluation Method Exact Match lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Feb 13 12:51 X -> Y What is the name of the original file? Y Case Sensitivity 37. Fill in the Blank: The output of an ls -l includes the f... The output of an ls -l includes the following: Evaluation Method Exact Match lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Feb 13 12:51 X -> Y What command was used to create the file depicted here? (Your answer must include not only the name of the command, but also any options and arguments needed.) ln -s Y X Case Sensitivity

22 38. Fill in the Blank: The output of an ls -l includes the f... Evaluation Method Exact Match The output of an ls -l includes the following: brw-rw root X 2, 0 Feb 13 12:51 xd0 What type of file is xd0? A block device file Case Sensitivity 39. Fill in the Blank: The output of an ls -l includes the f... Evaluation Method Exact Match The output of an ls -l includes the following: crw root root 10, 175 Feb 13 12:51 agpgart What type of file is depicted? A character device file. Case Sensitivity

23 40. Fill in the Blank: The output of an ls -l includes the f... The output of an ls -l includes the following: drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 120 Feb 13 12:51 di What type of file is depicted? Evaluation Method Exact Match A directory Case Sensitivity 41. Short : What are two reasons one might choose... What are two reasons one might choose to use Linux instead of Windows on a server? (Note: the reasons must indicate a knowledge of Linux vs. Windows. Reasons such as the following will NOT be given credit: Because it is already on the computer, or Because my boss said so. )

24 : Reasons may vary, but could include: Linux is an open source OS; Windows is closed source Linux may be no cost; Windows will have a licensing fee Linux typically requires fewer resources (storage, memory, CPU) than Windows 42. Short : What could you type at the command li... What could you type at the command line to display all of the processes being run on the system, listed in alphabetical order of username ps -ef sort 43. Short : What could you type at the command li... What could you type at the command line to show the usernames and GECOS information for all users, without showing any other information. cat /etc/ passwd cut -d: -f1,4

25 44. Short : What information is contained in the... What information is contained in the MBR? Which partition to boot from on that device. 45. Fill in the Blank: What is the default boot loader for... What is the default boot loader for most Intel-based UNIX and Linux systems? Evaluation Method Exact Match Exact Match Exact Match Exact Match Exact Match The Grand Unified Boot Loader Grand Unified Boot Loader GRUB The Grand Unified Bootloader Grand Unified Bootloader Case Sensitivity

26 46. Fill in the Blank: What is the most common absolute path... What is the most common absolute path to the directory which contains temporary files and to which anyone logged in may write? Evaluation Method Exact Match /tmp Case Sensitivity 47. Short : What is the name of the process which... What is the name of the process which has the PID 1? init

27 48. Multiple Choice: What is the significance of the numbe... What is the significance of the number 2 in the following output of the ls -l command: brw-rw root floppy 2, 84 Feb 13 11:51 fd0u1040 It is the major device number It is the minor device number It is the size of the file in blocks It is the size of the file in kilobytes 49. Fill in the Blank: What would you type at the command li... What would you type at the command line to change the permissions for the file temp to the following, using numeric representations of permissions? -rws--xr-t (Hint: Note the capitalization.)

28 Evaluation Method Case Sensitivity Exact Match chmod 5714 temp Case Sensitive 50. Short : Where is the bootloader located? Where is the bootloader located? In the first 512-byte block (also called the master boot loader) of the boot device 51. Multiple Choice: Which of the following accounts has s... Which of the following accounts has superuser privileges? User smith with UID 0 User admin with UID 1

29 User administrator with UID 3 User root with UID 2 User jones with UID 4 None of the listed accounts would have superuser privileges 52. Multiple Choice: Which of the following can NOT be del... Which of the following can NOT be deleted with the rm command used without any options? A directory A named pipe A block device file A character device file 53. Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a locat...

30 Which of the following is NOT a location from which GRUB might read its default boot configuration? /boot/grub/grub.ini /boot.grub/menu.1st /boot/grub/grub.conf All of the above are possible locations from which GRUB might read its default boot configuration 54. Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a short... Which of the following is NOT a shortcoming of Linux's traditional access control system? All of the other answers are shortcomings of Linux's traditional access control system. There is no easy way to specify something like, Users of these four accounts may back up system. There is minimal auditing support. For example, you can t easily tell what membership to a group permits a user to do. Many access-control rules are built into the code of individual daemons and command; not easily customized

31 55. Multiple Choice: Which of the following is correct? Which of the following is correct? There is one MBR on a boot disk, but each partition can have its own second-stage boot launcher. There is one second-stage boot launcher on a boot disk, but each partition can have its own MBR. Each partition can have its own MBR and second-stage boot launcher. There is only one MBR and second-stage boot launcher on a boot disk. 56. Multiple Choice: Which of the following will change th... Which of the following will change the run level to 4?

32 telinit 4 runlevel 4 run level 4 tell init Short : You (as administrator) notice that a... You (as administrator) notice that a process is consuming large amounts of CPU time and appears to be slowing the system down. What steps should you take? First determine what the process is: whether it is a user or a system process, whether it is a benign CPU hog, a piece of malware, or a misbehaving system process, and let it run as is, renice it, or kill it as appropriate. 58. Multiple Choice: You have changed the umask value from...

33 You have changed the umask value from 231 to 423 and you now wish to restore the older value. Which command should you issue? umask 231 set umask=231 umask=231 set umask Multiple Choice: You have tried to mount /dev/sd2 to t... You have tried to mount /dev/sd2 to the /var directory but are unable to do so. Which of the following is NOT a possible reason you were unsuccessful? The directory /var did not exist. The /var directory existed but was not empty. You are not in the root account and forgot to precede the appropriate command with sudo. All of the other choices could be reasons why the command did not work. 60. Multiple Choice: You want to determine the major devic...

34 You want to determine the major device number for one of your drives. You should issue an ls - l of which directory to make this determination? /dev /drivers /devices /drives 61. Multiple Choice: You wish to set up a dual boot system... You wish to set up a dual boot system with Linux and Windows. Which boot loader should you use? GRUB Windows boot loader Windows boot loader or GRUB work equally well It depends on which versions of Windows and Linux you are installing

35 62. Multiple Choice: You wish to unmount /dev/sda1 from /e... You wish to unmount /dev/sda1 from /etc. Which of the following commands would accomplish this? sudo umount /etc sudo unmount /etc sudo umount /dev/sda1 /etc sudo unmount /dev/sda1 /etc 63. Fill in the Blank: You would like to give the user 10 se... You would like to give the user 10 seconds to choose which OS to boot to in a multiboot system. What command should you add to the appropriate configuration file to permit this?

36 Evaluation Method Exact Match timeout=10 Case Sensitivity 64. Fill in the Blank: what is the ultimate ancestor of all... Evaluation Method Exact Match Exact Match Exact Match what is the ultimate ancestor of all user processes? init the init process init process Case Sensitivity Select: All None Select by Type: Delete Points Update Hide Details

37 Consider the following command output when you answer the next questions: What command (with what arguments) was used to generate this output? : ps ef Why is netns in square brackets? : Because it is a kernel process What are the command name and the PID for the parent of the ps ef process? : bash and 1212 Someone has logged in with their own username and then su ed into the administrative account. What is their non administrative account's name? : student Chapter 5 Consider the following output: What is the process ID of the PARENT of the firefox process? : 2053 What is the name of the command that is the PARENT of the firefox process?

38 : bash Which process(es) have had either nice or renice used on it/them? : shotwell (PID 4423) and firefox (PID 4563) Which process has the least access to the CPU? : shotwell (PID 4423) Consider the following output: What was typed at the command line to generate this output? (Include any flags or arguments as well as the name of the command.) : ps fl Which process has been suspended? : shotwell (PID 4423) Chapter 6