Appendix B. Comparison of Bourne Shell and C Shell Constructs. Bourne shell. C shell

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1 Appendix A Shell Metacharacters > >> < << I && II.. " Output redirection Output append Input redirection Input from a here document Pipe symbol 'And if' symbol (a && b: run a and if successful run b) 'Or if' symbol (a II b: run a and if unsucessful run b) Case delimiter Command separator ' ' Command substitution ( ) Command grouping and running of commands in a sub-shell * Match any character? Match any single character [..] Match any of the enclosed characters \ Quote next character " " Quote the enclosed characters except for $, ", ', \ ' ' Quote the enclosed character except for ' $0 Name of invoking shell script $1,.. $9 Arguments to shell script $name Value of variable name ${name} Substitution of variable name 187

2 Appendix B Comparison of Bourne Shell and C Shell Constructs Bourne shell if condition then elif condition then else fi times for name [in word-list] do statement (s) done case word in option ) crnds;; * crnds;; esac exit [expr ] export trap 'crnds' signals filename continue while condition do done read readonly break [n] C shell if (condition) then statement (s) else if (condition) then else end if time foreach name [word-list] statement (s) end switch (word) case option: crnds breaksw default: cmds breaksw endsw exit [ (expr)] setenv onintr label source filename continue while (condition) end break [break] 189

3 Appendix C ASCII Tables The two tables below show the octal and hexadecimal equivalents of each ASCII character. Table C.l. ASCII character conversion chart (octal) 000 nul 001 sch 002 stx 003 etx 004 ect 005 enq 006 ack 007 bel 010 bs 011 ht 012 n1 013 vt 014 np 015 cr 016 so 017 si 020 dle 021 del 022 dc2 023 dc3 024 dc4 025 nak 026 syn 027 etb 030 can 031 ern 032 sub 033 esc 034 fs 035 gs 036 rs 037 us 040 sp II 043 il 044 $ 045 % 046 & 047 I 050 ( 051 ) 052 * I i 074 < 075 = 076 > 077? 101 A 102 B 103 c 104 D 105 E 106 F 107 G 110H 111 I 112 J 113 K M 116N p 121 Q 122 R 123 s 124 T 125 u 126 v 127 w 130 X 131 y 132 z 133 [ 134 \ 135 l 136 A ' 141 a 142 b 143 c 144 d 145 e 146 f 147 g 150 h 151 i 152 j 153 k rn 156 n p 161 q 162 r 163 s 164 t 165 u 166 v 167 w 170 X 171 y 172 z 173 { 174 I 175 } 176 ~ 177 del Table C.2. ASCII character conversion chart (hexadecimal) 00 nul 01 soh 02 stx 03 etx 04 eot 05 enq 06 ack 07 bel 08 bs 09 ht Oa n1 Ob vt Oc np Od cr Oe so Of si 10 dle 11 del 12 dc2 13 dc3 14 dc4 15 nak 16 syn 17 etb 18 can 19 ern 1a sub lb esc lc fs ld gs 1e rs lf us 20 sp II 23 il 24 $ 25 % 26 & 27 I 28 ( 29 ) 2a * 2b + 2c 1 2d- 2e. 2f I a : 3b i 3c < 3d = 3e > 3f? 41 A 42 B 43 c 44 D 45 E 46 F 47 G 48 H 49 I 4a J 4b K 4c L 4d M 4e N 4f 0 50 p 51 Q 52 R 53 s 54 T 55 u 56 v 57 w 58 X 59 y Sa Z Sb [ Sc \ Sd l Se A Sf 60 ' 61 a 62 b 63 c 64 d 65 e 66 f 67 g 68 h 69 i 6a j- 6b k 6c 1 6d rn 6e n 6f 0 70 p 71q 72 r 73 s 74 t 75 u 76 v 77 w 78 X 79 y 7a z 7b { 7c I 7d } 7e ~ 7f del 191

4 Index /dev/mem 178, 180 /dev/null 24 /etc/checklist 174 /etc/clri 176 /etc/gettydefs 161, 177 /etc/group 166 /etc/init 153 /etc/inittab 161, 177, 153 /etc/mknod 176 /etc/passwd 153, 166 /etc/rc 161 /etc/utmp 161 /lost+found 174 /unix 168, 178 adding users 166 admin 136 alarm 101 ar 85 archiving 163 at 145 atof 94 atoi 94 atol 94 awk 47,36 background commands 21 backing up 163 boot block 171 C language 42, 79, 89 calendar 144 case 33 cat 12 cc 21,37, 79,80,81,88 cd 10 cdc 141 chmod 16 close 106 cmp 54 commands 21 grouping 21 substitution 28 conditional compilation 81 cp 13 cpio 163 cron 146 cu 158 cut 55 date 21 dd 165 deleting users 168 df 169, 170 disk utilisation 169 du 169, 170 echo 28 ed editor 63 editor 59 elif 32 env 41 environ 43 environment 42, 45 execl 96,97 execle

5 194 The UNIX Workshop execlp 96 execv 96 exit 95 export 41 expr 29,37 files 8 modes 17 file system 18, 171 file system repair 174 filters 5, 25 find 14 flag arguments 22 for 34 fork 97 fsck 174 function calls 39 getnev 43 grep 53 here document 31 if 32, 36 1-list 172 impure t.s. programs 84 init 161, 171, 177 inode 172 ipcrm 110 ipcs 109 isalnum 89 isalpha 89 isascii 89 iscntrl 89 isdigit 89 isgraph 89 ISL area 173 islower 89 isprint 89 ispunct 89 isspace 89 isupper 89 isxdigit 89 kernel 4 kill 31, 99, 162 ldgetname 179 ldopen 179 ldtbindex 179 ldtbread 179 ldtbseek 179 libraries 85 In 14 logging in 6 logout 7 longjmp 103 lp 13 lpstat 13 Is 12,25 mail 142 make 127 man 7 mem 178 memory management 4 menu development 38 mesg 143 message queues 110 metacharacters 23, 24 mkdir 11 mkfs 173 mm 71 mount 19 msgctl 112 msgget 111 msgrcv 112 msgsnd 112 mv 13 named pipes 109 news 145 nroff 66 object file 79 od 57 optimisation 85

6 Index 195 paging 4 password 6 paste 56 pause 101 pclose 105 pg 12 pipe 105 pipelines 25 pipes 4, 8, 10 popen 105 pr 13 process 4 profiling 86, 87 prs 140 ps 178 pure t.s. progrms 84 pwd 10 read 29,35 redirection 23 rm 11 rmdel 141 rmdir 11 sact 140 sees 135 sccsdiff 141 semaphores 117 semctl 118 semget 118 semop 118 set 42 setjmp 103 sgid 16 shared memory 115 shell 5,23 commands 21, 28 script 6 variables 26 shmat 116 shmctl 116 shmdt 116 shmget 116 signals 29, 99 sleep 29 sort 57, 170 special characters 6 special files 18 split 54 sprintf 93 sscanf 92 sticky bit 17 strcat 92 strcmp 90 strcpy 91 strings 90 strip 85 stripping 85 strlen 92 strncat 92 strncmp 91 strncpy 91 suid 16 super block 171 swap area 171, 173 swap space 17 swapping 4 sync 162, 173 system 95 tar 164 test 29, 32, 33 tolower 90 toupper 90 tr 31,55 trap 30, 35 umask 17 umount 19 unget 141 unnamed pipes 104 unset 42

7 196 The UNIX Workshop until 34 users 15 uucp 149 uulog 157 uupick 158 uustat 157 vi editor 59 wait 29,98 wall 29, 144 we 53 what 139 while 34, 35 who 23 write 143