Package callr. January 30, 2018
|
|
- Lee Pierce
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Title Call R from R Version Author Gábor Csárdi, Winston Chang Package callr January 30, 2018 Maintainer Gábor Csárdi <csardi.gabor@gmail.com> It is sometimes useful to perform a computation in a separate R process, without affecting the current R process at all. This packages does exactly that. License MIT + file LICENSE LazyData true URL BugReports RoxygenNote Imports assertthat, crayon, debugme, R6, utils Suggests covr, testthat, withr LinkingTo testthat Encoding UTF-8 NeedsCompilation yes Repository CRAN Date/Publication :16:53 UTC R topics documented: callr poll process r rcmd rcmd_bg rcmd_copycat rcmd_process
2 2 poll rcmd_process_options rcmd_safe_env run r_bg r_copycat r_process r_process_options r_vanilla Index 24 callr Call R from R It is sometimes useful to perform a computation in a separate R process, without affecting the current R process at all. This packages does exactly that. poll Poll for process I/O or termination Wait until one of the specified processes produce standard output or error, terminates, or a timeout occurs. poll(processes, ms) processes ms A list of process objects to wait on. If this is a named list, then the returned list will have the same names. This simplifies the identification of the processes. If an empty list, then the Integer scalar, a timeout for the polling, in milliseconds. Supply -1 for an infitite timeout, and 0 for not waiting at all. Value A list of character vectors of length two. There is one list element for each process, in the same order as in the input list. The character vectors elements are named output and error and their possible values are: nopipe, ready, timeout, closed, silent. See details about these below.
3 poll 3 Explanation of the return values Known issues nopipe means that the stdout or stderr from this process was not captured. ready means that stdout or stderr from this process are ready to read from. Note that end-offile on these outputs also triggers ready. timeout : the processes are not ready to read from and a timeout happened. closed: the connection was already closed, before the polling started. silent: the connection is not ready to read from, but another connection was. poll() cannot wait on the termination of a process directly. It is only signalled through the closed stdout and stderr pipes. This means that if both stdout and stderr are ignored or closed for a process, then you will not be notified when it exits. If you want to wait for just a single process to end, it can be done with the $wait() method. Examples ## Different commands to run for windows and unix ## Not run: cmd1 <- switch(.platform$os.type, "unix" = c("sh", "-c", "sleep 1; ls"), c("cmd", "/c", "ping -n && dir /b") ) cmd2 <- switch(.platform$os.type, "unix" = c("sh", "-c", "sleep 2; ls 1>&2"), c("cmd", "/c", "ping -n && dir /b 1>&2") ) ## Run them. p1 writes to stdout, p2 to stderr, after some sleep p1 <- process$new(cmd1[1], cmd1[-1], stdout = " ") p2 <- process$new(cmd2[1], cmd2[-1], stderr = " ") ## Nothing to read initially poll(list(p1 = p1, p2 = p2), 0) ## Wait until p1 finishes. Now p1 has some output p1$wait() poll(list(p1 = p1, p2 = p2), -1) ## Close p1's connection, p2 will have output on stderr, eventually close(p1$get_output_connection()) poll(list(p1 = p1, p2 = p2), -1) ## Close p2's connection as well, no nothing to poll close(p2$get_error_connection()) poll(list(p1 = p1, p2 = p2), 0) ## End(Not run)
4 4 process process External process Managing external processes from R is not trivial, and this class aims to help with this deficiency. It is essentially a small wrapper around the system base R function, to return the process id of the started process, and set its standard output and error streams. The process id is then used to manage the process. p <- process$new(command = NULL, args, stdout = NULL, stderr = NULL, cleanup = TRUE, echo_cmd = FALSE, supervise = FALSE, windows_verbatim_args = FALSE, windows_hide_window = FALSE, encoding = "") p$is_alive() p$signal(signal) p$kill(grace = 0.1) p$wait(timeout = -1) p$get_pid() p$get_exit_status() p$restart() p$get_start_time() p$read_output(n = -1) p$read_error(n = -1) p$read_output_lines(n = -1) p$read_error_lines(n = -1) p$get_output_connection() p$get_error_connection() p$is_incomplete_output() p$is_incomplete_error() p$read_all_output() p$read_all_error() p$read_all_output_lines() p$read_all_error_lines() p$poll_io(timeout) print(p) p: process object.
5 process 5 Details command: Character scalar, the command to run. Note that this argument is not passed to a shell, so no tilde-expansion or variable substitution is performed on it. It should not be quoted with base::shquote(). See base::normalizepath() for tilde-expansion. args: Character vector, arguments to the command. They will be used as is, without a shell. They don t need to be escaped. stdout: What to do with the standard output. Possible values: NULL: discard it; a string, redirect it to this file; " ": create a connection for it. stderr: What to do with the standard error. Possible values: NULL: discard it; a string, redirect it to this file; " ": create a connection for it. cleanup: Whether to kill the process (and its children) if the process object is garbage collected. echo_cmd: Whether to print the command to the screen before running it. supervise: Whether to register the process with a supervisor. If TRUE, the supervisor will ensure that the process is killed when the R process exits. windows_verbatim_args: Whether to omit quoting the arguments on Windows. It is ignored on other platforms. windows_hide_window: Whether to hide the application s window on Windows. It is ignored on other platforms. signal: An integer scalar, the id of the signal to send to the process. See tools::pskill() for the list of signals. grace: Currently not used. timeout: Timeout in milliseconds, for the wait or the I/O polling. n: Number of characters or lines to read. encoding: The encoding to assume for stdout and stderr. By default the encoding of the current locale is used. Note that callr always reencodes the output of both streams in UTF-8 currently. If you want to read them without any conversion, on all platforms, specify "UTF-8" as encoding. $new() starts a new process in the background, and then returns immediately. $is_alive() checks if the process is alive. Returns a logical scalar. $signal() sends a signal to the process. On Windows only the SIGINT, SIGTERM and SIGKILL signals are interpreted, and the special 0 signal, The first three all kill the process. The 0 signal return TRUE if the process is alive, and FALSE otherwise. On Unix all signals are supported that the OS supports, and the 0 signal as well. $kill() kills the process. It also kills all of its child processes, except if they have created a new process group (on Unix), or job object (on Windows). It returns TRUE if the process was killed, and FALSE if it was no killed (because it was already finished/dead when callr tried to kill it). $wait() waits until the process finishes, or a timeout happens. Note that if the process never finishes, and the timeout is infinite (the default), then R will never regain control. It returns the process itself, invisibly. $get_pid() returns the process id of the process.
6 6 process $get_exit_status returns the exit code of the process if it has finished and NULL otherwise. $restart() restarts a process. It returns the process itself. $get_start_time() returns the time when the process was started. $is_supervised() returns whether the process is being tracked by supervisor process. $supervise() if passed TRUE, tells the supervisor to start tracking the process. If FALSE, tells the supervisor to stop tracking the process. Note that even if the supervisor is disabled for a process, if it was started with cleanup=true, the process will still be killed when the object is garbage collected. $read_output() reads from the standard output connection of the process. If the standard output connection was not requested, then then it returns an error. It uses a non-blocking text connection. This will work only if stdout=" " was used. Otherwise, it will throw an error. $read_error() is similar to $read_output, but it reads from the standard error stream. $read_output_lines() reads lines from standard output connection of the process. If the standard output connection was not requested, then then it returns an error. It uses a non-blocking text connection. This will work only if stdout=" " was used. Otherwise, it will throw an error. $read_error_lines() is similar to $read_output_lines, but it reads from the standard error stream. $has_output_connection() returns TRUE if there is a connection object for standard output; in other words, if stdout=" ". It returns FALSE otherwise. $has_error_connection() returns TRUE if there is a connection object for standard error; in other words, if stderr=" ". It returns FALSE otherwise. $get_output_connection() returns a connection object, to the standard output stream of the process. $get_error_conneciton() returns a connection object, to the standard error stream of the process. $is_incomplete_output() return FALSE if the other end of the standard output connection was closed (most probably because the process exited). It return TRUE otherwise. $is_incomplete_error() return FALSE if the other end of the standard error connection was closed (most probably because the process exited). It return TRUE otherwise. $read_all_output() waits for all standard output from the process. It does not return until the process has finished. Note that this process involves waiting for the process to finish, polling for I/O and potentically several readlines() calls. It returns a character scalar. This will return content only if stdout=" " was used. Otherwise, it will throw an error. $read_all_error() waits for all standard error from the process. It does not return until the process has finished. Note that this process involves waiting for the process to finish, polling for I/O and potentically several readlines() calls. It returns a character scalar. This will return content only if stderr=" " was used. Otherwise, it will throw an error. $read_all_output_lines() waits for all standard output lines from a process. It does not return until the process has finished. Note that this process involves waiting for the process to finish, polling for I/O and potentically several readlines() calls. It returns a character vector. This will return content only if stdout=" " was used. Otherwise, it will throw an error. $read_all_error_lines() waits for all standard error lines from a process. It does not return until the process has finished. Note that this process involves waiting for the process to finish, polling for I/O and potentically several readlines() calls. It returns a character vector. This will return content only if stderr=" " was used. Otherwise, it will throw an error.
7 r 7 Polling $get_output_file() if the stdout argument was a filename, this returns the absolute path to the file. If stdout was " " or NULL, this simply returns that value. $get_error_file() if the stderr argument was a filename, this returns the absolute path to the file. If stderr was " " or NULL, this simply returns that value. $poll_io() polls the process s connections for I/O. See more in the Polling section, and see also the poll() function to poll on multiple processes. print(p) or p$print() shows some information about the process on the screen, whether it is running and it s process id, etc. The poll_io() function polls the standard output and standard error connections of a process, with a timeout. If there is output in either of them, or they are closed (e.g. because the process exits) poll_io() returns immediately. In addition to polling a single process, the poll() function can poll the output of several processes, and returns as soon as any of them has generated output (or exited). Examples # CRAN does not like long-running examples ## Not run: p <- process$new("sleep", "2") p$is_alive() p p$kill() p$is_alive() p$restart() p$is_alive() Sys.sleep(3) p$is_alive() ## End(Not run) r Evaluate an expression in another R session From callr version 2.0.0, r() is equivalent to r_safe(), and tries to set up a less error prone execution environment. In particular: It makes sure that at least one reasonable CRAN mirror is set up. Adds some command line arguments are added to avoid saving.rdata files, etc. Ignores the system and user profiles. Various environment variables are set: CYGWIN to avoid warnings about DOS-style paths, R_TESTS to avoid issues when callr is invoked from unit tests, R_BROWSER and R_PDFVIEWER to avoid starting a browser or a PDF viewer. See rcmd_safe_env().
8 8 r r(func, args = list(), libpath =.libpaths(), repos = c(getoption("repos"), c(cran = " stdout = NULL, stderr = NULL, error = c("error", "stack", "debugger"), cmdargs = c("--no-site-file", "--no-environ", "--slave", "--no-save", "--no-restore"), show = FALSE, callback = NULL, block_callback = NULL, spinner = show && interactive(), system_profile = FALSE, user_profile = FALSE, env = rcmd_safe_env(), timeout = Inf) r_safe(func, args = list(), libpath =.libpaths(), repos = c(getoption("repos"), c(cran = " stdout = NULL, stderr = NULL, error = c("error", "stack", "debugger"), cmdargs = c("--no-site-file", "--no-environ", "--slave", "--no-save", "--no-restore"), show = FALSE, callback = NULL, block_callback = NULL, spinner = show && interactive(), system_profile = FALSE, user_profile = FALSE, env = rcmd_safe_env(), timeout = Inf) func Function object to call in the new R process. The function should be selfcontained and only refer to other functions and use variables explicitly from other packages using the :: notation. The environment of the function is set to.globalenv before passing it to the child process. Because of this, it is good practice to create an anonymous function and pass that to callr, instead of passing a function object from a (base or other) package. In particular r(.libpaths) does not work, because.libpaths is defined in a special environment, but r(function().libpaths()) args libpath repos stdout stderr error works just fine. to pass to the function. Must be a list. The library path. The repos option. If NULL, then no repos option is set. This options is only used if user_profile or system_profile is set FALSE, as it is set using the system or the user profile. The name of the file the standard output of the child R process will be written to. If the child process runs with the --slave option (the default), then the commands are not echoed and will not be shown in the standard output. Also note that you need to call print() explicitly to show the output of the command(s). The name of the file the standard error of the child R process will be written to. In particular message() sends output to the standard error. If nothing was sent to the standard error, then this file will be empty. This can be the same file as stderr, although there is no guarantee that the lines will be in the correct chronological order. What to do if the remote process throws an error. See details below.
9 r 9 cmdargs show callback Command line arguments to pass to the R process. Note that c("-f", rscript) is appended to this, rscript is the name of the script file to run. This contains a call to the supplied function and some error handling code. Logical, whether to show the standard output on the screen while the child process is running. Note that this is independent of the stdout and stderr arguments. The standard error is not shown currently. A function to call for each line of the standard output and standard error from the child process. It works together with the show option; i.e. if show = TRUE, and a callback is provided, then the output is shown of the screen, and the callback is also called. block_callback A function to call for each block of the standard output and standard error. This callback is not line oriented, i.e. multiple lines or half a line can be passed to the callback. spinner Whether to snow a calming spinner on the screen while the child R session is running. By default it is shown if show = TRUE and the R session is interactive. system_profile Whether to use the system profile file. user_profile env Details timeout Whether to use the user s profile file. Environment variables to set for the child process. Timeout for the function call to finish. It can be a base::difftime object, or a real number, meaning seconds. If the process does not finish before the timeout period expires, then a system_command_timeout_error error is thrown. Inf means no timeout. The pre r() function is called r_copycat() now. Value Value of the evaluated expression. Error handling callr handles errors properly. If the child process throws an error, then callr throws an error with the same error message in the parent process. The error expert argument may be used to specify a different behavior on error. The following values are possible: error is the default behavior: throw an error in the parent, with the same error message. In fact the same error object is thrown again. stack also throws an error in the parent, but the error is of a special kind, class callr_error, and it contains both the original error object, and the call stack of the child, as written out by utils::dump.frames(). debugger is similar to stack, but in addition to returning the complete call stack, it also start up a debugger in the child call stack, via utils::debugger().
10 10 rcmd See Also Other callr functions: r_copycat, r_vanilla Examples ## Not run: # Workspace is empty r(function() ls()) # library path is the same by default r(function().libpaths()).libpaths() ## End(Not run) rcmd Run an R CMD command Run an R CMD command form within R. This will usually start another R process, from a shell script. rcmd(cmd, cmdargs = character(), libpath =.libpaths(), repos = c(getoption("repos"), c(cran = " stdout = NULL, stderr = NULL, echo = FALSE, show = FALSE, callback = NULL, block_callback = NULL, spinner = show && interactive(), system_profile = FALSE, user_profile = FALSE, env = rcmd_safe_env(), timeout = Inf, wd = ".", fail_on_status = FALSE) rcmd_safe(cmd, cmdargs = character(), libpath =.libpaths(), repos = c(getoption("repos"), c(cran = " stdout = NULL, stderr = NULL, echo = FALSE, show = FALSE, callback = NULL, block_callback = NULL, spinner = show && interactive(), system_profile = FALSE, user_profile = FALSE, env = rcmd_safe_env(), timeout = Inf, wd = ".", fail_on_status = FALSE) cmd cmdargs Command to run. See R --help from the command line for the various commands. In the current version of R (3.2.4) these are: BATCH, COMPILE, SHLIB, INSTALL, REMOVE, build, check, LINK, Rprof, Rdconv, Rd2pdf, Rd2txt, Stangle, Sweave, Rdiff, config, javareconf, rtags. Command line arguments.
11 rcmd 11 libpath repos stdout stderr echo show callback The library path. The repos option. If NULL, then no repos option is set. This options is only used if user_profile or system_profile is set FALSE, as it is set using the system or the user profile. Optionally a file name to send the standard output to. Optionally a file name to send the standard error to. Whether to echo the complete command run by rcmd. Logical, whether to show the standard output on the screen while the child process is running. Note that this is independent of the stdout and stderr arguments. The standard error is not shown currently. A function to call for each line of the standard output and standard error from the child process. It works together with the show option; i.e. if show = TRUE, and a callback is provided, then the output is shown of the screen, and the callback is also called. block_callback A function to call for each block of the standard output and standard error. This callback is not line oriented, i.e. multiple lines or half a line can be passed to the callback. spinner Whether to snow a calming spinner on the screen while the child R session is running. By default it is shown if show = TRUE and the R session is interactive. system_profile Whether to use the system profile file. user_profile env timeout wd Details Whether to use the user s profile file. Environment variables to set for the child process. Timeout for the function call to finish. It can be a base::difftime object, or a real number, meaning seconds. If the process does not finish before the timeout period expires, then a system_command_timeout_error error is thrown. Inf means no timeout. Working directory to use for running the command. Defaults to the current working directory. fail_on_status Whether to throw an R error if the command returns with a non-zero status code. By default no error is thrown. Starting from callr 2.0.0, rcmd() has safer defaults, the same as the rcmd_safe() default values. Use rcmd_copycat() for the old defaults. Value A list with the command line $command), standard output ($stdout), standard error (stderr), exit status ($status) of the external R CMD command, and whether a timeout was reached ($timeout). See Also Other R CMD commands: rcmd_bg, rcmd_copycat
12 12 rcmd_bg Examples ## Not run: rcmd("config", "CC") ## End(Not run) rcmd_bg Run an R CMD command in the background The child process is started in the background, and the function return immediately. rcmd_bg(cmd, cmdargs = character(), libpath =.libpaths(), stdout = " ", stderr = " ", repos = c(getoption("repos"), c(cran = " system_profile = FALSE, user_profile = FALSE, env = rcmd_safe_env(), wd = ".") cmd cmdargs libpath stdout stderr repos Command to run. See R --help from the command line for the various commands. In the current version of R (3.2.4) these are: BATCH, COMPILE, SHLIB, INSTALL, REMOVE, build, check, LINK, Rprof, Rdconv, Rd2pdf, Rd2txt, Stangle, Sweave, Rdiff, config, javareconf, rtags. Command line arguments. The library path. Optionally a file name to send the standard output to. Optionally a file name to send the standard error to. The repos option. If NULL, then no repos option is set. This options is only used if user_profile or system_profile is set FALSE, as it is set using the system or the user profile. system_profile Whether to use the system profile file. user_profile env wd Value See Also It returns a process object. Whether to use the user s profile file. Environment variables to set for the child process. Working directory to use for running the command. Defaults to the current working directory. Other R CMD commands: rcmd_copycat, rcmd
13 rcmd_copycat 13 rcmd_copycat Call and R CMD command, while mimicking the current R session This function is similar to rcmd(), but it has slightly different defaults: The repos options is unchanged. No extra environment variables are defined. rcmd_copycat(cmd, cmdargs = character(), libpath =.libpaths(), repos = getoption("repos"), env = character(),...) cmd cmdargs libpath repos env See Also Command to run. See R --help from the command line for the various commands. In the current version of R (3.2.4) these are: BATCH, COMPILE, SHLIB, INSTALL, REMOVE, build, check, LINK, Rprof, Rdconv, Rd2pdf, Rd2txt, Stangle, Sweave, Rdiff, config, javareconf, rtags. Command line arguments. The library path. The repos option. If NULL, then no repos option is set. This options is only used if user_profile or system_profile is set FALSE, as it is set using the system or the user profile. Environment variables to set for the child process.... Additional arguments are passed to rcmd(). Other R CMD commands: rcmd_bg, rcmd rcmd_process External R CMD Process An R CMD * command that runs in the background. This is an R6 class that extends the process class. rp <- rcmd_process$new(options)
14 14 rcmd_process_options Details options A list of options created via rcmd_process_options(). rcmd_process$new creates a new instance. Its options argument is best created by the r_process_options() function. Examples ## Not run: options <- rcmd_process_options(cmd = "config", cmdargs = "CC") rp <- rcmd_process$new(options) rp$wait() rp$read_output_lines() ## End(Not run) rcmd_process_options Create options for an rcmd_process object Create options for an rcmd_process object rcmd_process_options(...) Value... Options to override, named arguments. A list of options. rcmd_process_options() creates a set of options to initialize a new object from the rcmd_process class. Its arguments must be named, the names are used as option names. The options correspond to (some of) the arguments of the rcmd() function. At least the cmd option must be specified, to select the R CMD subcommand to run. Typically cmdargs is specified as well, to supply more arguments to R CMD. Examples ## List all options and their default values: rcmd_process_options()
15 rcmd_safe_env 15 rcmd_safe_env rcmd_safe_env returns a set of environment variables that are more appropriate for rcmd_safe(). It is exported to allow manipulating these variables (e.g. add an extra one), before passing them to the rcmd() functions. It currently has the following variables: CYGWIN="nodosfilewarning": On Windows, do not warn about MS-DOS style file names. R_TESTS="" This variable is set by R CMD check, and makes the child R process load a startup file at startup, from the current working directory, that is assumed to be the /test dirctory of the package being checked. If the current working directory is changed to something else (as it typically is by testthat, then R cannot start. Setting it to the empty string ensures that callr can be used from unit tests. R_BROWSER="false": typically we don t want to start up a browser from the child R process. R_PDFVIEWER="false": similarly for the PDF viewer. R_ENVIRON_USER=tempfile(): this prevents R from loading the user.renviron. rcmd_safe_env() Details Note that callr also sets the R_LIBS, R_LIBS_USER, R_LIBS_SITE, R_PROFILE and R_PROFILE_USER environment variables appropriately, unless these are set by the user in the env argument of the r, etc. calls. Value A named character vector of environment variables. run Run external command, and wait until finishes run provides an interface similar to base::system() and base::system2(), but based on the process class. This allows some extra features, see below.
16 16 run run(command = NULL, args = character(), error_on_status = TRUE, echo_cmd = FALSE, echo = FALSE, spinner = FALSE, timeout = Inf, stdout_line_callback = NULL, stdout_callback = NULL, stderr_line_callback = NULL, stderr_callback = NULL, windows_verbatim_args = FALSE, windows_hide_window = FALSE, encoding = "") command Character scalar, the command to run. It will be escaped via base::shquote. args Character vector, arguments to the command. They will be escaped via base::shquote. error_on_status Whether to throw an error if the command returns with a non-zero status, or it is interrupted. The error clases are system_command_status_error and system_command_timeout_error, respectively, and both errors have class system_command_error as well. echo_cmd echo spinner Whether to print the command to run to the screen. Whether to print the standard output and error to the screen. Note that the order of the standard output and error lines are not necessarily correct, as standard output is typically buffered. Whether to show a reassusing spinner while the process is running. timeout Timeout for the process, in seconds, or as a difftime object. If it is not finished before this, it will be killed. stdout_line_callback NULL, or a function to call for every line of the standard output. See stdout_callback and also more below. stdout_callback NULL, or a function to call for every chunk of the standard output. A chunk can be as small as a single character. At most one of stdout_line_callback and stdout_callback can be non-null. stderr_line_callback NULL, or a function to call for every line of the standard error. See stderr_callback and also more below. stderr_callback NULL, or a function to call for every chunk of the standard error. A chunk can be as small as a single character. At most one of stderr_line_callback and stderr_callback can be non-null. windows_verbatim_args Whether to omit the escaping of the command and the arguments on windows. Ignored on other platforms. windows_hide_window Whether to hide the window of the application on windows. Ignored on other platforms. encoding The encoding to assume for stdout and stderr. By default the encoding of the current locale is used. Note that callr always reencodes the output of both streams in UTF-8 currently.
17 run 17 Details run supports Specifying a timeout for the command. If the specified time has passed, and the process is still running, it will be killed (with all its child processes). Calling a callback function for each line or each chunk of the standard output and/or error. A chunk may contain multiple lines, and can be as short as a single character. Value A list with components: status The exit status of the process. If this is NA, then the process was killed and had no exit status. stdout The standard output of the command, in a character scalar. stderr The standard error of the command, in a character scalar. timeout Whether the process was killed because of a timeout. Callbacks Some notes about the callback functions. The first argument of a callback function is a character scalar (length 1 character), a single output or error line. The second argument is always the process object. You can manipulate this object, for example you can call $kill() on it to terminate it, as a response to a message on the standard output or error. Examples ## Different examples for Unix and Windows ## Not run: if (.Platform$OS.type == "unix") { run("ls") system.time(run("sleep", "10", timeout = 1, error_on_status = FALSE)) system.time( run( "sh", c("-c", "for i in ; do echo $i; sleep 1; done"), timeout = 2, error_on_status = FALSE ) ) } else { run("ping", c("-n", "1", " ")) run("ping", c("-n", "6", " "), timeout = 1, error_on_status = FALSE) } ## End(Not run)
18 18 r_bg r_bg Evaluate an expression in another R session, in the background Starts evaluating an R function call in a background R process, and returns immediately. r_bg(func, args = list(), libpath =.libpaths(), repos = c(getoption("repos"), c(cran = " stdout = " ", stderr = " ", error = c("error", "stack", "debugger"), cmdargs = c("--no-site-file", "--no-environ", "--slave", "--no-save", "--no-restore"), system_profile = FALSE, user_profile = FALSE, env = rcmd_safe_env()) func Function object to call in the new R process. The function should be selfcontained and only refer to other functions and use variables explicitly from other packages using the :: notation. The environment of the function is set to.globalenv before passing it to the child process. Because of this, it is good practice to create an anonymous function and pass that to callr, instead of passing a function object from a (base or other) package. In particular args libpath repos stdout stderr error r(.libpaths) does not work, because.libpaths is defined in a special environment, but r(function().libpaths()) works just fine. to pass to the function. Must be a list. The library path. The repos option. If NULL, then no repos option is set. This options is only used if user_profile or system_profile is set FALSE, as it is set using the system or the user profile. The name of the file the standard output of the child R process will be written to. If the child process runs with the --slave option (the default), then the commands are not echoed and will not be shown in the standard output. Also note that you need to call print() explicitly to show the output of the command(s). The name of the file the standard error of the child R process will be written to. In particular message() sends output to the standard error. If nothing was sent to the standard error, then this file will be empty. This can be the same file as stderr, although there is no guarantee that the lines will be in the correct chronological order. What to do if the remote process throws an error. See details below.
19 r_copycat 19 cmdargs Command line arguments to pass to the R process. Note that c("-f", rscript) is appended to this, rscript is the name of the script file to run. This contains a call to the supplied function and some error handling code. system_profile Whether to use the system profile file. user_profile env Whether to use the user s profile file. Environment variables to set for the child process. Value An r_process object, which inherits from process, so all process methods can be called on it, and in addition it also has a get_result() method to collect the result. Examples ## Not run: rx <- r_bg(function() 1 + 2) # wait until it is done rx$wait() rx$is_alive() rx$get_result() ## End(Not run) r_copycat Run an R process that mimics the current R process Differences to r(): No extra repoditories are set up. The --no-site-file, --no-environ, --no-save, --no-restore command line arguments are not used. (But --slave still is.) The system profile and the user profile are loaded. No extra environment variables are set up. r_copycat(func, args = list(), libpath =.libpaths(), repos = getoption("repos"), cmdargs = "--slave", system_profile = TRUE, user_profile = TRUE, env = character(),...)
20 20 r_process func Function object to call in the new R process. The function should be selfcontained and only refer to other functions and use variables explicitly from other packages using the :: notation. The environment of the function is set to.globalenv before passing it to the child process. Because of this, it is good practice to create an anonymous function and pass that to callr, instead of passing a function object from a (base or other) package. In particular args libpath repos cmdargs r(.libpaths) does not work, because.libpaths is defined in a special environment, but r(function().libpaths()) works just fine. to pass to the function. Must be a list. The library path. The repos option. If NULL, then no repos option is set. This options is only used if user_profile or system_profile is set FALSE, as it is set using the system or the user profile. Command line arguments to pass to the R process. Note that c("-f", rscript) is appended to this, rscript is the name of the script file to run. This contains a call to the supplied function and some error handling code. system_profile Whether to use the system profile file. user_profile env See Also Whether to use the user s profile file. Environment variables to set for the child process.... Additional arguments are passed to r(). Other callr functions: r_vanilla, r r_process External R Process An R process that runs in the background. This is an R6 class that extends the process class. rp <- r_process$new(options) rp$get_result() See process for the inherited methods.
21 r_process_options 21 Details options A list of options created via r_process_options(). r_process$new creates a new instance. Its options argument is best created by the r_process_options() function. rp$get_result() returns the result, an R object, from a finished background R process. If the process has not finished yet, it throws an error. (You can use rp$wait() to wait for the process to finish, optionally with a timeout.) Examples ## Not run: ## List all options and their default values: r_process_options() ## Start an R process in the background, wait for it, get result opts <- r_process_options(func = function() 1 + 1) rp <- r_process$new(opts) rp$wait() rp$get_result() ## End(Not run) r_process_options Create options for an r_process object Create options for an r_process object r_process_options(...) Value... Options to override, named arguments. A list of options. r_process_options() creates a set of options to initialize a new object from the r_process class. Its arguments must be named, the names are used as option names. The options correspond to (some of) the arguments of the r() function. At least the func option must be specified, this is the R function to run in the background.
22 22 r_vanilla Examples ## List all options and their default values: r_process_options() r_vanilla Run an R child process, with no configuration It tries to mimic a fresh R installation. In particular: No library path setting. No CRAN(-like) repository is set. The system and user profiles are not run. r_vanilla(func, args = list(), libpath = character(), repos = c(cran = "@CRAN@"), cmdargs = "--slave", system_profile = FALSE, user_profile = FALSE, env = character(),...) func Function object to call in the new R process. The function should be selfcontained and only refer to other functions and use variables explicitly from other packages using the :: notation. The environment of the function is set to.globalenv before passing it to the child process. Because of this, it is good practice to create an anonymous function and pass that to callr, instead of passing a function object from a (base or other) package. In particular r(.libpaths) does not work, because.libpaths is defined in a special environment, but r(function().libpaths()) works just fine. args to pass to the function. Must be a list. libpath The library path. repos The repos option. If NULL, then no repos option is set. This options is only used if user_profile or system_profile is set FALSE, as it is set using the system or the user profile. cmdargs Command line arguments to pass to the R process. Note that c("-f", rscript) is appended to this, rscript is the name of the script file to run. This contains a call to the supplied function and some error handling code. system_profile Whether to use the system profile file. user_profile Whether to use the user s profile file. env Environment variables to set for the child process.... Additional arguments are passed to r().
23 r_vanilla 23 See Also Other callr functions: r_copycat, r Examples ## Not run: # Compare to r() r(function().libpaths()) r_vanilla(function().libpaths()) r(function() getoption("repos")) r_vanilla(function() getoption("repos")) ## End(Not run)
24 Index base::difftime, 9, 11 base::normalizepath(), 5 base::shquote, 16 base::shquote(), 5 base::system(), 15 base::system2(), 15 utils::dump.frames(), 9 callr, 2 callr-package (callr), 2 poll, 2 poll(), 7 process, 4, 12, 13, 15, 17, 19, 20 r, 7, 20, 23 r(), r_bg, 18 r_copycat, 10, 19, 23 r_copycat(), 9 r_process, 20, 21 r_process_options, 21 r_process_options(), 14, 21 r_safe (r), 7 r_vanilla, 10, 20, 22 rcmd, 10, 12, 13 rcmd(), rcmd_bg, 11, 12, 13 rcmd_copycat, 11, 12, 13 rcmd_copycat(), 11 rcmd_process, 13, 14 rcmd_process_options, 14 rcmd_process_options(), 14 rcmd_safe (rcmd), 10 rcmd_safe(), 15 rcmd_safe_env, 15 rcmd_safe_env(), 7 run, 15 tools::pskill(), 5 utils::debugger(), 9 24
Package callr. August 29, 2016
Title Call R from R Version 1.0.0 Author Gábor Csárdi Package callr August 29, 2016 Maintainer Gábor Csárdi It is sometimes useful to perform a computation in a separate R
More informationPackage rcmdcheck. R topics documented: November 10, 2018
Package rcmdcheck November 10, 2018 Title Run 'R CMD check' from 'R' and Capture Results Version 1.3.2 Author Gábor Csárdi Maintainer Gábor Csárdi Run 'R CMD check' from 'R' programmatically,
More informationPackage filelock. R topics documented: February 7, 2018
Package filelock February 7, 2018 Title Portable File Locking Version 1.0.1 Author Gábor Csárdi Maintainer Gábor Csárdi Description Place an exclusive or shared lock on a file.
More informationPackage spark. July 21, 2017
Title 'Sparklines' in the 'R' Terminal Version 2.0.0 Author Gábor Csárdi Package spark July 21, 2017 Maintainer Gábor Csárdi A 'sparkline' is a line chart, without axes and labels.
More informationPackage zip. R topics documented: March 11, Title Cross-Platform 'zip' Compression Version 2.0.1
Title Cross-Platform 'zip' Compression Version 2.0.1 Package zip March 11, 2019 Author Gábor Csárdi, Kuba Podgórski, Rich Geldreich Maintainer Gábor Csárdi Cross-Platform 'zip'
More informationPackage remotes. December 21, 2017
Package remotes December 21, 2017 Title R Package Installation from Remote Repositories, Including 'GitHub' Version 1.1.1 Download and install R packages stored in 'GitHub', 'BitBucket', or plain 'subversion'
More informationPackage pkgbuild. October 16, 2018
Title Find Tools Needed to Build R Packages Version 1.0.2 Package pkgbuild October 16, 2018 Provides functions used to build R packages. Locates compilers needed to build R packages on various platforms
More informationPackage rhub. November 1, 2017
Title Connect to 'R-hub' Version 1.0.2 Author Gábor Csárdi Package rhub November 1, 2017 Maintainer Gábor Csárdi Run 'R CMD check' on any of the 'R-hub' architectures, from the
More informationPackage sessioninfo. June 21, 2017
Title R Session Information Version 1.0.0 Package sessioninfo June 21, 2017 Author Gábor Csárdi, R core, Hadley Wickham, Winston Chang, Robert M Flight, Kirill Müller Maintainer Gábor Csárdi
More informationPackage cli. November 5, 2017
Package cli November 5, 2017 Title Helpers for Developing Command Line Interfaces Version 1.0.0 A suite of tools designed to build attractive command line interfaces ('CLIs'). Includes tools for drawing
More informationPackage desc. May 1, 2018
Title Manipulate DESCRIPTION Files Version 1.2.0 Package desc May 1, 2018 Maintainer Gábor Csárdi Tools to read, write, create, and manipulate DESCRIPTION s. It is intended for
More informationPackage shinytest. May 7, 2018
Title Test Shiny Apps Version 1.3.0 Package shinytest May 7, 2018 For automated testing of Shiny applications, using a headless browser, driven through 'WebDriver'. License MIT + file LICENSE LazyData
More informationPackage librarian. R topics documented:
Package librarian July 8, 2018 Title Install, Update, Load Packages from CRAN and 'GitHub' in One Step Version 1.3.0 Automatically install, update, and load 'CRAN' and 'GitHub' packages in a single function
More informationPackage ssh. June 4, 2018
Type Package Title Secure Shell (SSH) Client for R Version 0.2 Author Jeroen Ooms Package ssh June 4, 2018 Maintainer Jeroen Ooms Connect to a remote server over SSH to transfer files
More informationPackage redux. May 31, 2018
Title R Bindings to 'hiredis' Version 1.1.0 Package redux May 31, 2018 A 'hiredis' wrapper that includes support for transactions, pipelining, blocking subscription, serialisation of all keys and values,
More informationPackage sankey. R topics documented: October 22, 2017
Package sankey October 22, 2017 Title Illustrate the Flow of Information or Material Version 1.0.2 Author Gábor Csárdi, January Weiner Maintainer Gábor Csárdi Description Plots
More informationCreating a Shell or Command Interperter Program CSCI411 Lab
Creating a Shell or Command Interperter Program CSCI411 Lab Adapted from Linux Kernel Projects by Gary Nutt and Operating Systems by Tannenbaum Exercise Goal: You will learn how to write a LINUX shell
More informationCross-platform daemonization tools.
Cross-platform daemonization tools. Release 0.1.0 Muterra, Inc Sep 14, 2017 Contents 1 What is Daemoniker? 1 1.1 Installing................................................. 1 1.2 Example usage..............................................
More informationPackage rprojroot. January 3, Title Finding Files in Project Subdirectories Version 1.3-2
Title Finding Files in Project Subdirectories Version 1.3-2 Package rprojroot January 3, 2018 Robust, reliable and flexible paths to files below a project root. The 'root' of a project is defined as a
More informationTable of contents. Our goal. Notes. Notes. Notes. Summer June 29, Our goal is to see how we can use Unix as a tool for developing programs
Summer 2010 Department of Computer Science and Engineering York University Toronto June 29, 2010 1 / 36 Table of contents 1 2 3 4 2 / 36 Our goal Our goal is to see how we can use Unix as a tool for developing
More informationPackage goodpractice
Title Advice on R Package Building Version 1.0.2 Package goodpractice May 2, 2018 Give advice about good practices when building R packages. Advice includes functions and syntax to avoid, package structure,
More informationShell Scripting. Todd Kelley CST8207 Todd Kelley 1
Shell Scripting Todd Kelley kelleyt@algonquincollege.com CST8207 Todd Kelley 1 If we have a set of commands that we want to run on a regular basis, we could write a script A script acts as a Linux command,
More informationPackage available. November 17, 2017
Package available November 17, 2017 Title Check if the Title of a Package is Available, Appropriate and Interesting Version 1.0.0 Check if a given package is available to use. It checks the 's validity.
More informationPackage reportr. October 6, 2016
Package reportr October 6, 2016 Version 1.2.2 Date 2016-10-06 Title A General Message and Error Reporting System Author Jon Clayden Maintainer Jon Clayden Imports ore Suggests testthat
More informationA shell can be used in one of two ways:
Shell Scripting 1 A shell can be used in one of two ways: A command interpreter, used interactively A programming language, to write shell scripts (your own custom commands) 2 If we have a set of commands
More informationbash Args, Signals, Functions Administrative Shell Scripting COMP2101 Fall 2017
bash Args, Signals, Functions Administrative Shell Scripting COMP2101 Fall 2017 Positional Arguments It is quite common to allow the user of a script to specify what the script is to operate on (e.g. a
More informationUseful Unix Commands Cheat Sheet
Useful Unix Commands Cheat Sheet The Chinese University of Hong Kong SIGSC Training (Fall 2016) FILE AND DIRECTORY pwd Return path to current directory. ls List directories and files here. ls dir List
More informationImplementation of a simple shell, xssh
Implementation of a simple shell, xssh What is a shell? A process that does command line interpretation Reads a command from standard input (stdin) Executes command corresponding to input line In simple
More informationPackage rtika. May 2, 2018
Type Package Title R Interface to 'Apache Tika' Version 0.1.8 Package rtika May 2, 2018 Maintainer Sasha Goodman Imports curl, sys, stats, utils, rappdirs Suggests jsonlite, xml2,
More informationReview of Fundamentals
Review of Fundamentals 1 The shell vi General shell review 2 http://teaching.idallen.com/cst8207/14f/notes/120_shell_basics.html The shell is a program that is executed for us automatically when we log
More informationIntroduction to the Shell
[Software Development] Introduction to the Shell Davide Balzarotti Eurecom Sophia Antipolis, France What a Linux Desktop Installation looks like What you need Few Words about the Graphic Interface Unlike
More informationPackage messaging. May 27, 2018
Type Package Package messaging May 27, 2018 Title Conveniently Issue Messages, Warnings, and Errors Version 0.1.0 Description Provides tools for creating and issuing nicely-formatted text within R diagnostic
More informationPackage tensorflow. January 17, 2018
Type Package Title R Interface to 'TensorFlow' Version 1.5 Package tensorflow January 17, 2018 Interface to 'TensorFlow' , an open source software library for numerical computation
More information5/20/2007. Touring Essential Programs
Touring Essential Programs Employing fundamental utilities. Managing input and output. Using special characters in the command-line. Managing user environment. Surveying elements of a functioning system.
More informationPackage getopt. February 16, 2018
Type Package Title C-Like 'getopt' Behavior Version 1.20.2 Package getopt February 16, 2018 Author Allen Day. Contributions from Trevor L Davis and Roman Zenka. Maintainer Trevor L Davis
More informationPackage ezknitr. September 16, 2016
Package ezknitr September 16, 2016 Title Avoid the Typical Working Directory Pain When Using 'knitr' Version 0.6 An extension of 'knitr' that adds flexibility in several ways. One common source of frustration
More informationCSC209H Lecture 1. Dan Zingaro. January 7, 2015
CSC209H Lecture 1 Dan Zingaro January 7, 2015 Welcome! Welcome to CSC209 Comments or questions during class? Let me know! Topics: shell and Unix, pipes and filters, C programming, processes, system calls,
More informationPackage catchr. R topics documented: December 30, Type Package. Title Catch, Collect, and Raise Conditions. Version 0.1.0
Package catchr December 30, 2018 Type Package Title Catch, Collect, and Raise Conditions Version 0.1.0 Maintainer Zachary Burchill Simple code to catch, collect, and raise
More informationPackage rmake. August 30, 2018
Type Package Title Makefile Generator for R Analytical Projects Version 1.1.0 Author Package rmake August 30, 2018 Maintainer Creates and maintains a build process for complex analytic
More informationIntroduction Variables Helper commands Control Flow Constructs Basic Plumbing. Bash Scripting. Alessandro Barenghi
Bash Scripting Alessandro Barenghi Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria Politecnico di Milano alessandro.barenghi - at - polimi.it April 28, 2015 Introduction The bash command shell
More informationPackage geojsonsf. R topics documented: January 11, Type Package Title GeoJSON to Simple Feature Converter Version 1.3.
Type Package Title GeoJSON to Simple Feature Converter Version 1.3.0 Date 2019-01-11 Package geojsonsf January 11, 2019 Converts Between GeoJSON and simple feature objects. License GPL-3 Encoding UTF-8
More informationGetting to know you. Anatomy of a Process. Processes. Of Programs and Processes
Getting to know you Processes A process is an abstraction that supports running programs A sequential stream of execution in its own address space A process is NOT the same as a program! So, two parts
More informationPackage assertive.reflection
Type Package Package assertive.reflection Title Assertions for Checking the State of R Version 0.0-4 Date 2016-12-30 Author Richard Cotton [aut, cre] February 2, 20 Maintainer Richard Cotton
More informationR topics documented: 2 checkpoint-package
Package checkpoint December 19, 2017 Title Install Packages from Snapshots on the Checkpoint Server for Reproducibility The goal of checkpoint is to solve the problem of package reproducibility in R. Specifically,
More informationPackage ipc. January 12, 2019
Type Package Package ipc January 12, 2019 Title Tools for Message Passing Between Processes Version 0.1.2 Author Ian E. Fellows Maintainer Ian E. Fellows Provides tools for passing messages
More informationPackage profvis. R topics documented:
Package profvis January 14, 2017 Title Interactive Visualizations for Profiling R Code Version 0.3.3 Interactive visualizations for profiling R code. Depends R (>= 3.0) Imports htmlwidgets (>= 0.3.2),
More informationBash Programming. Student Workbook
Student Workbook Bash Programming Published by ITCourseware, LLC, 7245 South Havana Street, Suite 100, Englewood, CO 80112 Contributing Authors: Julie Johnson, Rob Roselius Editor: Jeff Howell Special
More informationAssignment clarifications
Assignment clarifications How many errors to print? at most 1 per token. Interpretation of white space in { } treat as a valid extension, involving white space characters. Assignment FAQs have been updated.
More informationPackage algorithmia. September 13, 2016
Type Package Package algorithmia September 13, 2016 Title Allows you to Easily Interact with the Algorithmia Platform Version 0.0.2 Date 2016-09-12 Author James Athappilly Maintainer James Athappilly
More informationBashed One Too Many Times. Features of the Bash Shell St. Louis Unix Users Group Jeff Muse, Jan 14, 2009
Bashed One Too Many Times Features of the Bash Shell St. Louis Unix Users Group Jeff Muse, Jan 14, 2009 What is a Shell? The shell interprets commands and executes them It provides you with an environment
More information5/8/2012. Specifying Instructions to the Shell Chapter 8
An overview of shell. Execution of commands in a shell. Shell command-line expansion. Customizing the functioning of the shell. Employing advanced user features. Specifying Instructions to the Shell Chapter
More informationPackage clipr. June 23, 2018
Type Package Title Read and Write from the System Clipboard Version 0.4.1 Package clipr June 23, 2018 Simple utility functions to read from and write to the Windows, OS X, and X11 clipboards. Imports utils
More informationComputer Science 330 Operating Systems Siena College Spring Lab 5: Unix Systems Programming Due: 4:00 PM, Wednesday, February 29, 2012
Computer Science 330 Operating Systems Siena College Spring 2012 Lab 5: Unix Systems Programming Due: 4:00 PM, Wednesday, February 29, 2012 Quote: UNIX system calls, reading about those can be about as
More informationProcesses and Shells
Shell ls pico httpd CPU Kernel Disk NIC Processes Processes are tasks run by you or the OS. Processes can be: shells commands programs daemons scripts Shells Processes operate in the context of a shell.
More informationCommand-line interpreters
Command-line interpreters shell Wiki: A command-line interface (CLI) is a means of interaction with a computer program where the user (or client) issues commands to the program in the form of successive
More informationProcesses. Processes (cont d)
Processes UNIX process creation image-file arg1 arg2 Shell command line example ls -l Equivalent to /bin/ls -l Why? How do you find out where the image file is? Background processes ls -l & Execute a process
More informationPackage knitrprogressbar
Type Package Title Provides Progress Bars in 'knitr' Version 1.1.0 Package knitrprogressbar February 20, 2018 Provides a progress bar similar to 'dplyr' that can write progress out to a variety of locations,
More informationPackage R.rsp. January 11, 2018
Version 0.42.0 Depends R (>= 2.14.0) Package R.rsp January 11, 2018 Imports methods, stats, tools, utils, R.methodsS3 (>= 1.7.1), R.oo (>= 1.21.0), R.utils, R.cache (>= 0.13.0), digest (>= 0.6.13) Suggests
More informationPackage narray. January 28, 2018
Package narray January 28, 2018 Title Subset- And Name-Aware Array Utility Functions Version 0.4.0 Author Michael Schubert Maintainer Michael Schubert Stacking
More informationReview of Fundamentals. Todd Kelley CST8207 Todd Kelley 1
Review of Fundamentals Todd Kelley kelleyt@algonquincollege.com CST8207 Todd Kelley 1 GPL the shell SSH (secure shell) the Course Linux Server RTFM vi general shell review 2 These notes are available on
More informationUnix Scripts and Job Scheduling. Overview. Running a Shell Script
Unix Scripts and Job Scheduling Michael B. Spring Department of Information Science and Telecommunications University of Pittsburgh spring@imap.pitt.edu http://www.sis.pitt.edu/~spring Overview Shell Scripts
More informationCommand Interpreters. command-line (e.g. Unix shell) On Unix/Linux, bash has become defacto standard shell.
Command Interpreters A command interpreter is a program that executes other programs. Aim: allow users to execute the commands provided on a computer system. Command interpreters come in two flavours:
More informationPackage pkgload. July 8, 2018
Title Simulate Package Installation and Attach Version 1.0.0 Package pkgload July 8, 2018 Simulates the process of installing a package and then attaching it. This is a key part of the 'devtools' package
More informationSystem Administration
Süsteemihaldus MTAT.08.021 System Administration UNIX shell basics Name service DNS 1/69 Command Line Read detailed manual for specific command using UNIX online documentation or so called manual (man)
More informationPackage githubinstall
Type Package Version 0.2.2 Package githubinstall February 18, 2018 Title A Helpful Way to Install R Packages Hosted on GitHub Provides an helpful way to install packages hosted on GitHub. URL https://github.com/hoxo-m/githubinstall
More informationShell Scripting. With Applications to HPC. Edmund Sumbar Copyright 2007 University of Alberta. All rights reserved
AICT High Performance Computing Workshop With Applications to HPC Edmund Sumbar research.support@ualberta.ca Copyright 2007 University of Alberta. All rights reserved High performance computing environment
More informationPackage tiler. June 9, 2018
Version 0.2.0 Package tiler June 9, 2018 Title Create Geographic and Non-Geographic Map Tiles Creates geographic map tiles from geospatial map files or nongeographic map tiles from simple image files.
More informationImplementation of a simple shell, xssh
Implementation of a simple shell, xssh What is a shell? A process that does command line interpretation Reads a command from standard input (stdin) Executes command corresponding to input line In the simple
More informationPackage routr. October 26, 2017
Type Package Package routr October 26, 2017 Title A Simple Router for HTTP and WebSocket Requests Version 0.3.0 Date 2017-10-26 Maintainer Thomas Lin Pedersen Description In order
More informationPackage testit. R topics documented: June 14, 2018
Package testit June 14, 2018 Type Package Title A Simple Package for Testing R Packages Version 0.8 Description Provides two convenience functions assert() and test_pkg() to facilitate testing R packages.
More informationIntroduction to Shell Scripting
Introduction to Shell Scripting Evan Bollig and Geoffrey Womeldorff Presenter Yusong Liu Before we begin... Everyone please visit this page for example scripts and grab a crib sheet from the front http://www.scs.fsu.edu/~bollig/techseries
More informationdo shell script in AppleScript
Technical Note TN2065 do shell script in AppleScript This Technote answers frequently asked questions about AppleScript s do shell script command, which was introduced in AppleScript 1.8. This technical
More informationPackage GetoptLong. June 10, 2018
Type Package Package GetoptLong June 10, 2018 Title Parsing Command-Line and Variable Interpolation Version 0.1.7 Date 2018-6-9 Author Zuguang Gu Maintainer Depends R (>= 3.0.0) Suggests testthat (>= 1.0.0),
More informationContinue reading command lines even after an execution error has caused the abandonment of aline.
NAME calc arbitrary precision calculator SYNOPSIS calc [ c] [ C] [ d] [-D calc_debug[:resource_debug[:user_debug]]] [ e] [ h] [ i] [ m mode] [ O] [ p] [ q] [ s] [ u] [ v] [calc_cmd...] #!c:/progra 1/Calc/bin/calc
More informationPackage SASmarkdown. R topics documented: November 30, Version Date Title 'SAS' Markdown
Version 0.4.3 Date 2017-11-30 Title 'SAS' Markdown Package SASmarkdown November 30, 2017 Settings and functions to extend the 'knitr' 'SAS' engine. Imports knitr SystemRequirements SAS Maintainer
More informationSOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE 3. SHELL
1 SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE 3. SHELL Tatsuya Hagino hagino@sfc.keio.ac.jp slides URL https://vu5.sfc.keio.ac.jp/sa/login.php 2 Software Layer Application Shell Library MIddleware Shell Operating System Hardware
More informationWindows architecture. user. mode. Env. subsystems. Executive. Device drivers Kernel. kernel. mode HAL. Hardware. Process B. Process C.
Structure Unix architecture users Functions of the System tools (shell, editors, compilers, ) standard library System call Standard library (printf, fork, ) OS kernel: processes, memory management, file
More informationPackage Rserve. R topics documented: February 19, Version Title Binary R server
Version 1.7-3 Title Binary R server Package Rserve February 19, 2015 Author Simon Urbanek Maintainer Simon Urbanek Depends R (>= 1.5.0) Suggests
More informationCS 4410, Fall 2017 Project 1: My First Shell Assigned: August 27, 2017 Due: Monday, September 11:59PM
CS 4410, Fall 2017 Project 1: My First Shell Assigned: August 27, 2017 Due: Monday, September 11th @ 11:59PM Introduction The purpose of this assignment is to become more familiar with the concepts of
More informationPackage crossword.r. January 19, 2018
Date 2018-01-13 Type Package Title Generating s from Word Lists Version 0.3.5 Author Peter Meissner Package crossword.r January 19, 2018 Maintainer Peter Meissner Generate crosswords
More informationCSC209: Software tools. Unix files and directories permissions utilities/commands Shell programming quoting wild cards files
CSC209 Review CSC209: Software tools Unix files and directories permissions utilities/commands Shell programming quoting wild cards files ... and systems programming C basic syntax functions arrays structs
More informationCSC209: Software tools. Unix files and directories permissions utilities/commands Shell programming quoting wild cards files. Compiler vs.
CSC209 Review CSC209: Software tools Unix files and directories permissions utilities/commands Shell programming quoting wild cards files... and systems programming C basic syntax functions arrays structs
More informationPackage cli. March 19, 2019
Package cli March 19, 2019 Title Helpers for Developing Command Line Interfaces Version 1.1.0 A suite of tools designed to build attractive command line interfaces ('CLIs'). Includes tools for drawing
More informationPackage fastdummies. January 8, 2018
Type Package Package fastdummies January 8, 2018 Title Fast Creation of Dummy (Binary) Columns and Rows from Categorical Variables Version 1.0.0 Description Creates dummy columns from columns that have
More informationProcesses. What s s a process? process? A dynamically executing instance of a program. David Morgan
Processes David Morgan What s s a process? process? A dynamically executing instance of a program 1 Constituents of a process its code data various attributes OS needs to manage it OS keeps track of all
More informationPackage repo. May 16, 2018
Type Package Title A Data-Centered Data Flow Manager Version 2.1.3 Date 2018-5-4 Package repo May 16, 2018 Author Francesco Napolitano Maintainer Francesco Napolitano
More informationTopic 2: More Shell Skills
Topic 2: More Shell Skills Sub-topics: simple shell scripts (no ifs or loops yet) sub-shells quoting shell variables aliases bash initialization files I/O redirection & pipes text file formats 1 Reading
More informationReview of Fundamentals. Todd Kelley CST8207 Todd Kelley 1
Review of Fundamentals Todd Kelley kelleyt@algonquincollege.com CST8207 Todd Kelley 1 The CST8207 course notes GPL the shell SSH (secure shell) the Course Linux Server RTFM vi general shell review 2 Linux
More informationI/O and Shell Scripting
I/O and Shell Scripting File Descriptors Redirecting Standard Error Shell Scripts Making a Shell Script Executable Specifying Which Shell Will Run a Script Comments in Shell Scripts File Descriptors Resources
More informationCS24: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING SYSTEMS. Spring 2018 Lecture 20
CS24: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING SYSTEMS Spring 2018 Lecture 20 LAST TIME: UNIX PROCESS MODEL Began covering the UNIX process model and API Information associated with each process: A PID (process ID) to
More informationbash, part 3 Chris GauthierDickey
bash, part 3 Chris GauthierDickey More redirection As you know, by default we have 3 standard streams: input, output, error How do we redirect more than one stream? This requires an introduction to file
More informationUnix Processes. What is a Process?
Unix Processes Process -- program in execution shell spawns a process for each command and terminates it when the command completes Many processes all multiplexed to a single processor (or a small number
More informationsottotitolo A.A. 2016/17 Federico Reghenzani, Alessandro Barenghi
Titolo presentazione Piattaforme Software per la Rete sottotitolo BASH Scripting Milano, XX mese 20XX A.A. 2016/17, Alessandro Barenghi Outline 1) Introduction to BASH 2) Helper commands 3) Control Flow
More informationShells. A shell is a command line interpreter that is the interface between the user and the OS. The shell:
Shells A shell is a command line interpreter that is the interface between the user and the OS. The shell: analyzes each command determines what actions are to be performed performs the actions Example:
More informationPackage cattonum. R topics documented: May 2, Type Package Version Title Encode Categorical Features
Type Package Version 0.0.2 Title Encode Categorical Features Package cattonum May 2, 2018 Functions for dummy encoding, frequency encoding, label encoding, leave-one-out encoding, mean encoding, median
More informationCSC209 Review. Yeah! We made it!
CSC209 Review Yeah! We made it! 1 CSC209: Software tools Unix files and directories permissions utilities/commands Shell programming quoting wild cards files 2 ... and C programming... C basic syntax functions
More informationPackage htmlwidgets. July 10, 2017
Package htmlwidgets July 10, 2017 Type Package Title HTML Widgets for R Version 0.9 Date 2017-07-10 A framework for creating HTML widgets that render in various contexts including the R console, 'R Markdown'
More informationPackage tibble. August 22, 2017
Encoding UTF-8 Version 1.3.4 Title Simple Data Frames Package tibble August 22, 2017 Provides a 'tbl_df' class (the 'tibble') that provides stricter checking and better formatting than the traditional
More informationmy $full_path = can_run('wget') or warn 'wget is not installed!';
NAME IPC::Cmd - finding and running system commands made easy SYNOPSIS use IPC::Cmd qw[can_run run run_forked]; my $full_path = can_run('wget') or warn 'wget is not installed!'; ### commands can be arrayrefs
More informationPackage shiny.router
Type Package Title Basic Routing for Shiny Web Applications Version 0.1.1 Author Filip Stachura Package shiny.router September 18, 2018 Maintainer Dominik Krzemiński
More information