Basic Management and Customization! 2008 UC Regents! 1!
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1 Basic Management and Customization! 2008 UC Regents! 1!
2 What We Will Cover!!" Adding software to compute nodes! "" Quick and dirty method (read: not scalable!)! "" Rocks method! ""How to package code into an RPM!!" Customizing compute node configuration! "" Using bash scripts in <post> sections! "" Configuring additional ethernet interfaces! "" Setting kernel boot parameters!!" Flashing BIOS with PXE! 2008 UC Regents! 2!
3 Adding Software to Compute Nodes! 2008 UC Regents! 3!
4 Quick and Dirty!!"On frontend, the directory /export/apps is shared on all compute nodes as:! /share/apps!"all files in /export/apps will be accessible on compute nodes:! # cd /export/apps # touch myapp # ssh compute-0-0 # cd /share/apps # ls myapp 2008 UC Regents! 4!
5 Distribute Packages with the Rocks Installer!!"If you have an RPM you#d like to install on all compute nodes, put the RPM in:! /home/install/contrib/5.0/arch/rpms ""Where arch is i386 or x86_64! 2008 UC Regents! 5!
6 Distribute Packages with the Rocks Installer!!"Create an XML file that $extends# the compute XML file:! # cd /home/install/site-profiles/5.0/nodes # cp skeleton.xml extend-compute.xml 2008 UC Regents! 6!
7 Distribute Packages with the Rocks Installer!!"Add your package name by changing the line:! <package> <!-- insert your package name here --> </package>!"to:! <package> your package </package>!"important: The package name must be the base name of the package! 2008 UC Regents! 7!
8 Get a Package#s Base Name!!"Assume you want to install the package:! vino el5.x86_64.rpm!"get the base name with rpm qip! # rpm -qip vino el5.x86_64.rpm Name : vino Relocations: (not relocatable) Version : Vendor: CentOS Release : 6.el5 Build Date: Sun 07 Jan :52:08 PM PST Install Date: (not installed) Build Host: builder3.centos.org Group : User Interface/Desktops Source RPM: vino el5.src.rpm Size : License: GPL Signature : DSA/SHA1, Tue 03 Apr :27:50 PM PDT, Key ID a8a447dce URL : Summary : A remote desktop system for GNOME Description : Vino is a VNC server for GNOME. It allows remote users to connect to a running GNOME session using VNC UC Regents! 8!
9 Adding Specific Architecture Packages!!"On x86_64 systems, sometimes you want both the x86_64 and i386 versions of an RPM installed! "" Native package is installed by default!!"supply.arch!in package tag:! <package>pkgbasename.x86_64</package> <package>pkgbasename.i386</package> 2008 UC Regents! 9!
10 Apply XML Node File to the Distribution!!"Rebuild the distribution to apply extendcompute.xml! # cd /home/install # rocks-dist dist 2008 UC Regents! 10!
11 Reinstall to Apply the Packages to the Compute Nodes!!"Reinstall one compute node:! # shoot-node compute-0-0!"after that node successfully boots and it has the packages you expect, then reinstall all the compute nodes:! # rocks run host compute /boot/kickstart/cluster-kickstart 2008 UC Regents! 11!
12 More on the Distro!!" Rocks-dist looks for packages in:! "" /home/install/rolls! " RedHat and Rocks packages! "" /home/install/contrib! " Pre-built 3rd party packages! "" /usr/src/redhat/rpms! " RedHat default location for $built# packages! " But, when building packages in Rocks source tree, packages are not placed here! " The packages are placed local to the roll source code! 2008 UC Regents! 12!
13 More on the Distro!!"Any time you add a package to the distro, you must re-run rocksdist dist! ""Rocks-dist binds all the discovered packages into a RedHatcompliant distribution! 2008 UC Regents! 13!
14 What If My Software Isn#t in an RPM?! 2008 UC Regents! 14!
15 Building an RPM!!"Generic RPMs are built with $spec# file and $rpmbuild#! ""It takes time to learn how to write a spec file!!"can use Rocks development source tree to create RPMs without having to make a spec file! 2008 UC Regents! 15!
16 Building an RPM!!" Short story! ""Go to location on frontend that houses rocks development source tree! ""Make a new roll from a $template# roll! "" Download the source tarball! "" Update a description file (version.mk)! "" Execute: make rpm! " Assumes tarball adheres to $configure, make, make install#! 2008 UC Regents! 16!
17 Package bonnie as an RPM!!"Go to the Rocks roll development directory! # cd /export/site-roll/rocks/src/roll!"side note: this is where the Restore Roll lives! # ls bin etc restore template 2008 UC Regents! 17!
18 Create a Benchmark Roll!!"Use the $template# roll to populate a skeleton $benchmark# roll! # cd /export/site-roll/rocks/src/roll/ # bin/make-roll-dir.py -n benchmark!"create directory for bonnie! # cd benchmark/src # mkdir bonnie UC Regents! 18!
19 Create a Bonnie RPM!!"Get the source! # cd bonnie++ # wget UC Regents! 19!
20 Create a Bonnie RPM!!"Create a version.mk file:! # vi version.mk NAME = bonnie++ VERSION = 1.03a RELEASE = 1 PKGROOT = /opt/$(name) 2008 UC Regents! 20!
21 Create a Bonnie RPM!!"Create a Makefile:! # vi Makefile 2008 UC Regents! 21!
22 REDHAT.ROOT = $(CURDIR)/../../ ROCKSROOT =../../../../.. -include $(ROCKSROOT)/etc/Rules.mk include Rules.mk build: tar -zxvf $(NAME)-$(VERSION).tgz ( \ cd $(NAME)-$(VERSION) ; \./configure ; \ make \ ) install:: mkdir -p $(ROOT)/$(PKGROOT) ( \ cd $(NAME)-$(VERSION) ; \ make prefix=$(root)/$(pkgroot) install \ ) clean:: rm -f $(NAME).spec.in 2008 UC Regents! 22!
23 Create a Bonnie RPM!!"Build the RPM! # make rpm!"you see lots of output! ""The last line shows you where the resulting binary RPM is:! Wrote: /state/partition1/site-roll/rocks/src/roll/benchmark/rpms/i386/bonnie a-1.i386.rpm 2008 UC Regents! 23!
24 Create a Bonnie RPM!!"View the RPM contents! # rpm -qlp /state/partition1/site-roll/rocks/src/roll/benchmark/rpms/i386/bonnie a-1.i386.rpm!"which outputs:! / /opt /opt/benchmark /opt/benchmark/bonnie++ /opt/benchmark/bonnie++/bin /opt/benchmark/bonnie++/bin/bon_csv2html /opt/benchmark/bonnie++/bin/bon_csv2txt /opt/benchmark/bonnie++/man /opt/benchmark/bonnie++/man/man1 /opt/benchmark/bonnie++/man/man1/bon_csv2html.1 /opt/benchmark/bonnie++/man/man1/bon_csv2txt.1 /opt/benchmark/bonnie++/man/man8 /opt/benchmark/bonnie++/man/man8/bonnie++.8 /opt/benchmark/bonnie++/man/man8/zcav.8 /opt/benchmark/bonnie++/sbin /opt/benchmark/bonnie++/sbin/bonnie++ /opt/benchmark/bonnie++/sbin/zcav 2008 UC Regents! 24!
25 Copy the bonnie++ RPM so rocks-dist Can Find It!!" All packages are found under $/home/install#!!" Put bonnie++ RPM package in /home/install/ contrib/5.0/<arch>/rpms! "" Where <arch> is $i386# or $x86_64#! # cd /home/install/contrib/5.0/i386/rpms # cp /state/partition1/site-roll/rocks/src/roll/benchmark/rpms/i386/bonnie a-1.i386.rpm UC Regents! 25!
26 Extend the Compute XML Configuration File!!"To add the package named bonnie++! $ cd /home/install/site-profiles/5.0/nodes $ vi extend-compute.xml!"in $extend-compute.xml#, change the section:! <!-- <package> insert 1st package name here and uncomment the line</package> -->!"To:! <package>bonnie++</package> 2008 UC Regents! 26!
27 Extend the Compute XML Configuration File!!"Rebuild the distro! ""This copies $extend-compute.xml# into /home/ install/rocks-dist/ /build/nodes! # cd /home/install # rocks-dist dist!" Test the changes! "" Generate a test kickstart file! # rocks list host profile compute-0-0 > /tmp/ks.cfg ""You should see $bonnie++# under the $%packages# section! 2008 UC Regents! 27!
28 Extend the Compute XML Configuration File!!"When you are satisfied with the changes, reinstall a compute node! # shoot-node compute-0-0 ""Or:! # ssh compute-0-0 /boot/kickstart/cluster-kickstart!"if you are satisfied with the compute node, shoot $em all:! # rocks run host compute /boot/kickstart/cluster-kickstart 2008 UC Regents! 28!
29 Your Distro - Extending Rocks!!"You can use rocks-dist to build and distribute your own distribution! "" Merges RPMS! " When two RPMS have the same basename, rocks-dist selects the one with the newest timestamp!!"final distribution looks just like Rocks! ""And, Rocks looks just like RedHat! 2008 UC Regents! 29!
30 Customizing Configuration of Compute Nodes! 2008 UC Regents! 30!
31 Extend an XML Node File!!"Create an XML file that $extends# the compute XML file:! # cd /home/install/site-profiles/5.0/nodes # cp skeleton.xml extend-compute.xml 2008 UC Regents! 31!
32 Code Your Configuration Changes!!"Code your configuration changes in bash and put them in a <post> section:! <post> <!-- insert your scripts here --> </post> 2008 UC Regents! 32!
33 Apply XML Node File to the Distribution!!"Rebuild the distribution to apply extendcompute.xml! # cd /home/install # rocks-dist dist 2008 UC Regents! 33!
34 Reinstall to Apply the Packages to the Compute Nodes!!"Reinstall one compute node:! # shoot-node compute-0-0!"after that node successfully boots and it has the packages you expect, then reinstall all the compute nodes:! # rocks run host compute /boot/kickstart/cluster-kickstart 2008 UC Regents! 34!
35 Configuring Additional Ethernet Interfaces! 2008 UC Regents! 35!
36 Configuring eth1!!"if your compute nodes have more than 1 NIC, you can configure the other NICs with the Rocks command line!!"example:! # rocks list host interface compute-1-1 SUBNET IFACE MAC IP NETMASK GATEWAY MODULE NAME private eth0 00:0e:0c:5d:7e:5e e1000 compute eth1 00:30:1b:b2:ea: tg UC Regents! 36!
37 Configuring eth1!!"we want to configure eth1 like:! ""IP: ! ""Gateway: ! ""Name: fast-1-1! # rocks set host interface ip compute-1-1 eth # rocks set host interface gateway compute-1-1 eth # rocks set host interface name compute-1-1 eth1 fast-1-1 # rocks set host interface subnet compute-1-1 eth1 public 2008 UC Regents! 37!
38 Configuring eth1!!"check our work! # rocks list host interface compute-1-1 SUBNET IFACE MAC IP NETMASK GATEWAY MODULE NAME private eth0 00:0e:0c:5d:7e:5e e1000 compute-1-1 public eth1 00:30:1b:b2:ea: tg3 fast-1-1!"reinstall to apply the changes:! # rocks run host compute-1-1 /boot/kickstart/cluster-kickstart 2008 UC Regents! 38!
39 Configuring eth2!!"need to add a network to the database! ""Rocks automatically defines two networks:! # rocks list network NETWORK SUBNET NETMASK private: public: !"Add a network for eth2! # rocks add network newnet # rocks list network NETWORK SUBNET NETMASK private: public: newnet: UC Regents! 39!
40 Configuring eth2!!"add network configuration like you did for eth1! # rocks set host interface ip compute-0-6 eth # rocks set host interface gateway compute-0-6 eth # rocks set host interface name compute-0-6 eth2 new-0-6 # rocks set host interface subnet compute-0-6 eth2 newnet # rocks list host interface compute-0-6 SUBNET IFACE MAC IP NETMASK GATEWAY MODULE NAME private eth0 00:12:3f:20:e6: e1000 compute eth1 00:12:3f:20:e6: e newnet eth2 00:01:02:03:04: e1000 new UC Regents! 40!
41 Configuring eth2!!"check your work:! # rocks list host interface compute-0-6 SUBNET IFACE MAC IP NETMASK GATEWAY MODULE NAME private eth0 00:12:3f:20:e6: e1000 compute eth1 00:12:3f:20:e6: e newnet eth2 00:01:02:03:04: e1000 new-0-6!"look at the kickstart file:! # rocks list host profile compute-0-6 > /tmp/ks.cfg!"inside /tmp/ks.cfg, you#ll see:! cat > /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth2 << 'EOF' DEVICE=eth2 HWADDR=00:01:02:03:04:05 IPADDR= NETMASK= BOOTPROTO=static GATEWAY= ONBOOT=yes 2008 UC Regents! 41! EOF
42 Setting Kernel Boot Parameters! 2008 UC Regents! 42!
43 Installation Boot Parameters!!"Example, we#ll add ucsd=rocks to compute-0-0 boot parameters!!"the boot action of compute nodes is controlled by the Rocks command line:! # rocks list host pxeboot HOST ACTION olympic: compute-0-0: os "" os = boot the OS off local disk! "" install = on next boot, install! 2008 UC Regents! 43!
44 Installation Boot Parameters!!"List all boot actions:! # rocks list host pxeaction compute-0-0 ACTION COMMAND ARGS install kernel vmlinuz append ks initrd=initrd.img ramdisk_size= lang= devfs=nomount pxe kssendmac selinux=0 noipv6 install headless kernel vmlinuz append ks initrd=initrd.img ramdisk_size= lang= devfs=nomount pxe kssendmac selinux=0 noipv6 headless vnc memtest kernel memtest os localboot pxeflash kernel memdisk bigraw append initrd=pxeflash.img keeppxe rescue kernel vmlinuz append ks initrd=initrd.img ramdisk_size= lang= devfs=nomount pxe kssendmac selinux=0 noipv6 rescue 2008 UC Regents! 44!
45 Installation Boot Parameters!!"Change boot action:! # rocks set host pxeboot compute-0-0 action="install"!"check our work! # rocks list host pxeboot HOST ACTION olympic: compute-0-0: install 2008 UC Regents! 45!
46 Add a New PXE Action!!"Add global action:! # rocks add host pxeaction action="install ucsd" command="kernel vmlinuz \ args="append ks initrd=initrd.img ramdisk_size= lang= devfs=nomount \ pxe kssendmac selinux=0 noipv6 ucsd=rocks"!"check our work! # rocks list host pxeaction compute-0-0 ACTION COMMAND ARGS install kernel vmlinuz append ks initrd=initrd.img ramdisk_size= lang= devfs=nomount pxe kssendmac selinux=0 noipv6 install headless kernel vmlinuz append ks initrd=initrd.img ramdisk_size= lang= devfs=nomount pxe kssendmac selinux=0 noipv6 headless vnc install ucsd kernel vmlinuz append ks initrd=initrd.img ramdisk_size= lang= devfs=nomount pxe kssendmac selinux=0 noipv6 ucsd=rocks memtest kernel memtest os localboot pxeflash kernel memdisk bigraw append initrd=pxeflash.img keeppxe rescue kernel vmlinuz append ks initrd=initrd.img ramdisk_size= lang= devfs=nomount pxe kssendmac selinux=0 noipv6 rescue 2008 UC Regents! 46!
47 Add a New PXE Action!!"Add compute-0-0 only action:! # rocks add host pxeaction compute-0-0 action="install ucsd" \ command="kernel vmlinuz \ args="append ks initrd=initrd.img ramdisk_size= lang= devfs=nomount \ pxe kssendmac selinux=0 noipv6 ucsd=rocks"!"override global action! # rocks add host pxeaction compute-0-0 action="install" \ command="kernel vmlinuz \ args="append ks initrd=initrd.img ramdisk_size= lang= devfs=nomount \ pxe kssendmac selinux=0 noipv6 ucsd=rocks" 2008 UC Regents! 47!
48 Running Boot Parameters!!"Get the current boot flags!!"add a boot flag!!"check! # rocks report host bootflags rocks-168: dom0_mem=1024m compute-0-0: dom0_mem=1024m # rocks set host bootflags compute-0-0 flags="dom0_mem=1024m ucsd=rocks # rocks report host bootflags rocks-168: dom0_mem=1024m compute-0-0: dom0_mem=1024m ucsd=rocks 2008 UC Regents! 48!
49 Running Boot Parameters!!"Reinstall to apply boot flags!!"after the node installs, check! # cat /proc/cmdline ro root=label=/ dom0_mem=1024m ucsd=rocks 2008 UC Regents! 49!
50 Flashing BIOS with PXE! 2008 UC Regents! 50!
51 No More CDs or Floppies!!!"Download BIOS file! ""Put in:! "/opt/pxeflash/addon!!"in /opt/pxeflash, execute:! ""make build! ""make install!!"set boot action! # rocks set host pxeboot compute-0-0 action=pxeflash 2008 UC Regents! 51!
52 Boot and Flash!!"PXE boot the compute node! ""You#ll get a DOS prompt!!"on frontend, reset boot action! # rocks set host pxeboot compute-0-0 action=os!"execute the flash program!!"reboot the compute node!!"done!! 2008 UC Regents! 52!
53 The RedHat Installer! 2008 UC Regents! 53!
54 Anaconda: RedHat#s Installer!!"Open-source python-based installer!!"developed by RedHat!!"(Somewhat) object-oriented! ""We extend when we can and insert shims when we can#t! 2008 UC Regents! 54!
55 Anaconda: RedHat#s Installer!!" Key tasks:! "" Probe hardware! "" Ask users for site-specific values! " E.g., IP addresses and passwords! "" Insert network and storage drivers! " For network-based installations and to write packages down onto local disk! "" Install packages! " RPMs! "" Configure services! " Via shell scripts! 2008 UC Regents! 55!
56 Scripted Installation!!"Anaconda achieves lights-out installation via kickstart mechanism!!"it reads a kickstart file! ""Description of how to install a node!!"one file composed of three key sections:! ""Main: general parameters! ""Packages: list of RPMs to install! ""Post: scripts to configure services! 2008 UC Regents! 56!
57 Kickstart File!!"Main section! rootpw --iscrypted loijgoij5478fj2i9a zerombr yes bootloader --location=mbr lang en_us langsupport --default en_us keyboard us mouse genericps/2 install reboot timezone --utc America/Los_Angeles part 2008 UC Regents! 57!
58 Kickstart File!!"Packages section! %packages --ignoredeps PyXML atlas autofs bc chkrootkit contrib-pexpect contrib-pvfs-config contrib-python-openssl 2008 UC Regents! 58!
59 Kickstart File!!"Post section! %post cat > /etc/motd << 'EOF' Rocks Compute Node EOF 2008 UC Regents! 59!
60 Use Graph Structure to Dissect Distribution!!" Use $nodes# and $edges# to build a customized kickstart file!!" Nodes contain portion of kickstart file! "" Can have a $main#, $package# and $post# section in node file!!" Edges used to coalesce node files into one kickstart file! 2008 UC Regents! 60!
61 Coalescing Node Files! Frontend Root!" Traverse a graph to build up a kickstart file!!" Makes kickstart file building flexible!!" Easy to share functionality between disparate node types! Compute Root 2008 UC Regents! 61!
62 Why We Use A Graph!!"A graph makes it easy to $splice# in new nodes!!"each Roll contains its own nodes and splices them into the system graph file! 2008 UC Regents! 62!
63 Install Rocks% Base Graph! 2008 UC Regents! 63!
64 Base +% All Rolls! 2008 UC Regents! 64!
65 Kickstart File!!"RedHat#s Kickstart: DNA of a node! ""Monolithic flat ASCII file! " Main : disk partitioning, timezone! " Packages : list of RPM names! " Post : shell scripts for config! ""No macro language! ""Requires forking based on site information and node type.! 2008 UC Regents! 65!
66 Getting A Kickstart File! 2008 UC Regents! 66!
67 Kickstart File!!"Rocks XML Kickstart! ""Decompose a kickstart file into nodes and a graph! " Graph specifies OO framework! "Each node specifies a service and its configuration! ""SQL Database to help site configuration! "" Compile flat kickstart file from a web cgi script! 2008 UC Regents! 67!
68 Kickstart Graph for Kgen! Preprocess (kpp) 2008 UC Regents! 68!
69 Kickstart Graph with Roll! 2008 UC Regents! 69!
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