Overview of the course. User-Centred Design. Group. Practical issue. Writting the report. Project work. Fang Chen

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1 Overview of the course User-Centred Design Fang Chen 6 lectures, 3 hr each. L 1: April 6, 9-12, user-centered design concept L2: April 14, 9-12, usability concept L3. user-centered requirement study L4. usability lab tests L5: Total experiences L6: Limitation and problems 3 Lab: discussed on the literatures (2 hr) Discuss about web usability Usability prototype, evaluation and analysis methods, design guidelines Participatory design 3 tutorial: for supervising project work (1 hr) Practical issue Discussion and home work: Tasks will be given before each exercise. Group discussion of the tasks Individual home work based on the exercise. You encourage to find some other articles on relevant topics and discuss about it. Project work 3 or 5 students per group Group 3-5 students in one group Read Maguire (2001) paper: methods to support human-centred design carefully Try to follow it as much as you can Project work Design a program/product: Identify the task that the program will work for (you may also improve an existing program) Idenfity the users Requirement study Different design process, consider to involve the user careful with user-interface Final evaluation Understand your constraints (time, money. etc) Try to avoid web design Writting the report About 15 pages Project presentation (The last day of the lecture) 1

2 History Lecture 1 Concepts of user-centered design ISO TC159/SC4 ergonomics of humansystem interaction (1986) ISO Ergonomic for office work with visual display terminals guidance on usability (1999) ISO (1999) ISO TR (2000) The important of usable system Increased productivity Reduced errors Reduced training and support costs Improved acceptance Enhanced reputation What is UCD Primary goad: making products usable Involving users in the design and testing of the system Modify prototypies based on user s feedback INUSE 6.2, Handbook of user-centred Design. What is UCD? User engagement in the design process Users having real decision-making powers Users having appropriate mechanism for communication with, and negotiation with, developers A socio-technical design process Containing iterative and evolutionary approach Where consideration is given to job satisfaction Main principles An appropriate allocation of function between user and system The active involvement of users Iterative of design solutions Multi-disciplinary design teams 2

3 Transformation Prepare for UCD Traditional Approach Technology driven Component focus Limited multidiscipline cooperation Focus on internals architecture No specialization in user experience Some competitive focus Development prior to user validation Product defect view of quality Limited focus on user measurement Focus on current customers vs. Produce UCD Approach User driven Solutions focus Multidisciplinary team work Focus on externals design Specialization in user experience Focus on competition Develop only user validated designs User view of quality Prime focus on user measurement Focus on current and future customers Incorporated into existing development strategies Rigour in planing and management Identify the activities and relationship with development Resources: time, equipment, skill, number of participants Sufficient time to integrate user feedback into the development Key principles of user centred design usability principles Design for the users and their tasks Be consistent Use simple and natural dialogue Reduce unnecessary mental effort by the user Provide adequate feedback Provide adequate navigation mechanisms Let the user drive Present information clearly Be helpful Reduce errors How to promote usability in an organisation Assess and list the potential costs and benefits. Relate the benefits to the business/organisational objectives. Consider what concrete differences UCD could make to the system. Find good and bad examples of similar systems, and show these to the decision-makers. Cite big names or similar organisations to yours that already use UCD. If at all possible get involved at the feasibility or stage. If this is not possible, use the benefits of later involvement to justify earlier involvement next time. 6. Context of evaluation Usability evaluation Meets all the 1. Plan the human centrd process Design philosophy Identify design team and users Time-line Success criteria Planning ISO UCD process 5. Evaluate designs against user Getting feedback for design Assess the achievement of user and Organizational objectives 2. Specify the context of use Understand the characteristics of User, tasks, organization, Environment Task analysis 4. Produce design solutions Collect knowledges for design Concrete design solution Prototypes and user tests Iterating above process untill satisfy 3. Specify the user and organizational Allocation of tasks among users Functional Performance criteria Usability criteria Ensure of full integration of UCD in development process Meeting with stakeholders Usability planning and scope Usability cost-benefit analysis Facilitate interdisciplinary work Involve all relevant team members Manage the design iterations 3

4 Planning and scope Project summary: What is the system or service? What functions or services is it intended for the system to provide? What are the aims of the project? Who is the system intended for? (target market) Who will use the system? Why is the system needed? Where will the system be used? How will the system be needed? How will the user obtain the system? How will the user learn to use the system? How will the system be installed? How will the system be maintained? who are the stakeholders? system will have many stakeholders with potentially conflicting interests stakeholder is anyone effected by success or failure of system stakeholders primary - actually use system secondary - receive output or provide input tertiary - no direct involvement but effected by success or failure facilitating - involved in development or deployment of system Analysis stakeholders For each sub-group, analysis of: User characteristics Technical environment Physical environment Social and organization environment User goals and tasks The UCD Team Total User ExperienceMarketing Specialist Visual Designer HCI Designer Leader Usability cost-benefit analysis Meeting with project manager, usability specialist and user representatives Cost of UCD activities Potential saving Balance the cost of allocation of resources User Research Specialist Technology Architect Service & Support Specialist User Assitance Architect 4

5 The benefits of UCD Reduced development time Reducing later changes, reducing cost of future design Increased sales Usage savings Reducing task time Fewer user errors Less training and support and documentation Reduced staff turnover Support savings Improve the quality of life Health and safety legislation Context of use analysis (CoU) Identify user and tasks Two major uses for CoU analysis As an aid to capture As an aid to usability evaluation Methods Interviewing project manager, check documentation, and have meeting of project stakeholders Survey of existing users, field study/observation Task analysis The CoU will change as the product evolves Specify the user and organizational Identify the main roles, responsibilities and task goals of users and other personals in the design Focus group, scenario of use, personas, existingsystem/competitor analysis, task/function mapping Design goals Priorities of User, usability, organizational Provision of measurable benchmark Evidence of acceptance documentation Produce design solutions Generating ideas and new design Brainstorming, paralle design Design guidelines and standards Future system Storyboarding, Low to high fidelity prototyping Wizard of-oz List of methods for User Centred Design Cognitive workload Collect feedback Context of use Cost-benefit analysis Evaluate existing system Evaluate prototype Evaluate working system Expert evaluation Feedback in use Field study Focus groups Functionality matrix Instructional systems design ISO 9241 applicability workshop ISO 9241 software conformity assessment Maturity assessment MUSiC methods (Measuring the Usability of Systems in Context) Observe users Parallel design Performance Measurement Method Planning usability QUIS user interface questionnaire List of methods for User Centred Design Stakeholder meeting Storyboarding Style guides SUMI attitude questionnaire SUS attitude questionnaire Task allocation Task analysis Task scenarios Test existing system Usability assurance Usability context analysis Usability maturity model Usability planning Usability Usability testing Video prototyping Web site design Wizard-of-Oz prototyping Requirements for usability Satisfaction Scenarios 5

6 Evaluate design against Usability evaluation Improve the product User satisfaction User-based and expert-based evaluation Participative (least formal) Assisted (intermediate) Controlled evaluation (most formal) User-based assessment Evaluation plan Identify relevant stakeholders Context of use Contact the user group (paper-based prototypes 3-5 user, final usability tests 8-10 persons) Usability experts 85% of major usability problems could be identified after testing 5-8 users (not apply to web site design) Data collection and analysis Observation Performance measurement Subjective assessment System release and management of changes Assisting for installation, training Technical support Provision of documentation and on-line help Setting up of user groups ISO TR 18529: Human-centred lifecycle process descriptions The Usability Maturity Model in ISO TR consists of seven sets of base practices. These base practices describe what has to be done in order to represent and include the users of a system during the lifecycle ISO TR ISO TR Ensure HCD content in system strategy 1.1 Represent stakeholders 1.2 Collect market intelligence 1.3 Define and plan system strategy 1.4 Collect market feedback 1.5 Analyse trends in users Plan and manage the HCD process 2.1 Consult stakeholders 2.2 Identify and plan user involvement 2.3 Select human-centred methods and techniques 2.4 Ensure a human-centred approach within the team 2.5 Plan human-centred design activities 2.6 Manage human-centred activities 2.7 Champion human-centred approach 2.8 Provide support for humancentred design Specify the stakeholder and organisational 3.1 Clarify and document system goals 3.2 Analyse stakeholders 3.3 Assess risk to stakeholders 3.4 Define the use of the system 3.5 Generate the stakeholder and organisational 3.6 Set quality in use objectives Understand & specify the context of use 4.1 Identify and document user s tasks 4.2 Identify and document significant user attributes 4.3 Identify and document organisational environment 4.4 Identify and document technical environment 4.5 Identify and document physical environment 6

7 ISO TR Produce design solutions 5.1 Allocate functions 5.2 Produce composite task model 5.3 Explore system design 5.4 Use existing knowledge to develop design solutions 5.5 Specify system and use 5.6 Develop prototypes 5.7 Develop user training 5.8 Develop user support Evaluate designs against 6.1 Specify and validate context of evaluation 6.2 Evaluate early prototypes in order to define the for the system 6.3 Evaluate prototypes in order to improve the design 6.4 Evaluate the system to check that the stakeholder and organisational have been met 6.5 Evaluate the system in order to check that the required practice has been followed 6.6 Evaluate the system in use in order to ensure that it continues to meet organisational and user needs ISO TR Introduce and operate the system 7.1 Management of change 7.2 Determine impact on organisation and stakeholders 7.3 Customisation and local design 7.4 Deliver user training 7.5 Support users in planned activities 7.6 Ensure conformance to workplace ergonomic legislation 7