Hacettepe University Department Of Computer Engineering Bil203 Programming Laboratory Experiment 2

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1 Hacettepe University Department Of Computer Engineering Bil203 Programming Laboratory Experiment 2 Subject : Traffic simulation via lists, queues and GDI+ Submission Date : Due Date : Programming Environment : Microsoft Visual C# 2013 (Express) Edition Advisors : R.A. Ahmet Selman BOZKIR BACKGROUND Visual C# is a very powerful and flexible programming language for creating different platform specific applications such as web, desktop or even mobile platforms. The underlying.net Framework empowers the platform independent runtime by supplying Common Language Runtime (CLR) and Intermediate Language for translating and unifying various programming languages that it supports such as Visual Basic, Visual C++ and F#. In this experiment, you will have the chance of implementing a simple real world like traffic simulation by leveraging the benefits of C# and Windows GDI+. As is known, traffic rules in real world, rules the flow of cars and pedestrians. In this homework, pedestrians are completely ignored. AIM & SCOPE In this experiment you are supposed to design and implement a simple visual desktop application that simulates a traffic flow at a cross equipped with 4 different traffic lights on each side of the cross. Your objects (Car, Traffic Light and Road) will be placed on a 600px x 600px 2D surface which is divided by 15 pixel width/height cells over 40x40 grid. Cars and traffic lights will be represented by different colored squares. You will be supplied with an input file (a comma separated values file namely CSV) which states cars and their route information. An example input file can be seen at figure 1. Car1,Orange,RtoL,0,L,S,S,R,S,S,L,S,S,S,L,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S Car2,Orange,RtoL,1,S,R,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,R,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S Car3,Fuchsia,UtoD,0,S,S,R,S,S,S,S,R,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S Car4,Fuchsia,UtoD,2,S,S,S,S,S,S,L,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S Car5,Fuchsia,UtoD,2,L,S,R,S,S,S,S,R,S,S,S,R,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S Car6,Blue,DtoU,0,S,S,S,S,L,S,S,L,S,L,S,S,S,R,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S Car7,Yellow,DtoU,1,R,S,S,S,S,L,S,R,S,S,L,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S Car8,Brown,LtoR,0,S,S,L,S,S,S,S,R,S,S,S,R,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S Car9,Brown,LtoR,0,S,L,S,S,S,S,S,S,R,S,S,S,S,L,S,S,S,S,S,S,S Car10,Brown,LtoR,2,S,S,S,S,R,S,S,S,S,R,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S Car11,Orange,RtoL,2,S,S,L,S,S,S,R,S,S,S,S,S,R,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S... Figure 1. A sample input file As can be observed, each line contains required information for building a car. Moreover, each line can contain different number of items because of varying numbers of route instructions. 1

2 The details of the attributes are listed at table 1 listed below. Every lines contains: Carname, color, initial route, initial distance to previous car, {S,L,R} s on next cross arrival Attribute carname color initial route Initial distance to previous car SLR s Description Unique name of the car (string) Color name for the car (string). In C#, there exists a namespace System.Drawing and Color class. Your application must support the colors of Green, Red, Blue, Yellow, Fuschia, Brown, Orange. Tip: You can convert a suitable color name to color class by using Color.FromName static method. Color color = Color.FromName(strColorName); Initial (string). This data preliminarily locates your car in the right way at startup stage There exists 4 initial s : { LtoR, RtoL, UtoD, DtoU } Here the L,R,U and D stand for abbreviation of Left, Right, Up and Down respectively The initial margin (cell count) to previous located car on specified road (int). The data here states the blank cells (or margin) to previous car. As the value 0 means that current car will be next to previous one, 2 means there will be two blank cells to previous located car on respective road. The decision characters among S, L, R. Here the S, L and R stand for abbreviation of Straight, Left and Right respectively. Each car contains different numbers of decision characters. Table 1. Attribute names and descriptions of input file Your program must serve a System.Forms.Button type button for selecting input file. Upon selecting file, your application must read the input file line by line and create the cars and locate them on grid by also writing their car id. Before and after screenshots of application can be seen as depicted in Fig 2. Fig 2a.) Initial UI of the application. 2b.) UI upon selecting the input file 2

3 As can be seen on Fig2, each car is being located on appropriate with a margin supplied with Initial distance to previous car attribute. On the other hand, four different traffic lights which are currently red lighting on each corner can be seen. When user clicks on the button Run Simulation, your application must start to move the available cars according to traffic light conditions. Simulation can be run or paused at any time by clicking on Run the Simulation or Pause buttons respectively. Furthermore, simulation speed must be controllable. As can be seen at Fig2. UI also contains a System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox for specifying simulation speed in millisecond unit. Likewise, appropriate combo box contains 250, 500, 750, 1000, 2000, 5000 ms preset values. On the other hand, the running order of green traffic light starts up with RtoL and ends up UtoD s. As a consequence, traffic must flow from right to left. Meanwhile, this loop never ends and continues till to moment when one of the two conditions are met: (1) User either clicks pause button or (2) simulation iteration number reaches to the parameter # of Iteration to stop (this parameter value must be given via a System.Windows.Forms.TextBox control) Third LtoR Fourth UtoD Second DtoU First RtoL Figure 3. Flow order of the traffic Traffic lights can have either red or green status. The duration of green status must be controllable via iteration count (i.e. 5). In other words, if it is set to 5, the respective traffic light must be in green and allow corresponding way/ to flow. When it switches back to red status, the cars, if available, should continue to move and constitute a queue in front of the traffic light. However, if a car has passed the cross then it can continue its movement. Therefore we can conclude that a car can have two conditions during its lifetime: (a) free to move (after cross point), (b) red light region. As they are in free to move region, cars move regardless of the traffic light, in red light region, a car can continue to move as long as there exist free room on its way. If a car waits in front of the red light then it must halt till to green light is switched back. 3

4 UtoD /way LtoR /way S move L move R move Traffic Light of RtoL Traffic Light of DtoU (currently red) RtoL /way DtoU /way Figure 4. Possible target coordinates for a sample case: Car 11 Note that, never use cross field (the center of the field which is composed of 4 cells) for driving. A car must always jump to the appropriate coordinate if its light is green. This situation is depicted in Fig 4. Another a very important about design is that if a car reaches to the boundary of the grid and exits from the road then it must enter to road from the opposite side of road. For instance, if the Car 2 at Fig 4. uits the field at the left most side of the way then it must return to the field by entering to the right most side of the way. This rule is also valid for the up-to-down, left-to-right and down-to-top s. Your program must automatically output some screenshots of the simulation surface (600x600px image) at some iterations (20 th, 40 th, 60 th, 80 th and 100 th ) as jpg files. The saving folder must be the same folder as the executable file exists. Note that your naming must obey to the fashion of (iteration-count).jpg OTHER IMPORTANT POINTS & HINTS In design and implementation phases of this software, you should carefully consider the requirements listed below: In your drawing operations, you may employ a PictureBox for your simulation visualization. Picture boxes are very suitable elements for drawing operations. Furthermore, you must utilize Windows GDI+ classes such as Graphics, Pen, Brush, Point, Size. Using any other 3 rd party tools is prohibited. Double buffering is also a very efficient way of graphics rendering which avoids flickering. For those who apply double buffering win 10 extra award points. Your program must render and save result image in JPG format. The height and width of the picture should be 600 x 600 pixels. The evaluation of your program will be on.net Framework 3.5. Thus, use.net 3.5 platform instead of other versions. 4

5 BACKGROUND FOR WINDOWS GDI+ In this section, brief information about 2D graphic engine of Windows, is presented for those who are not familiar with drawing tools. In general, one of the strengths of Windows lies in its ability to abstract the details of particular devices away from the developer. Graphical Device Interface is one this abstraction mechanism focusing on 2D drawing. Formally, GDI+ API of Microsoft is the core system library that is used for drawing various objects as well as rectangles and other elementary window objects. Furthermore it can be employed with in C#, VB.NET, Visual C++ and other COM+ compatible platforms. As a last word, GDI+ is a very useful and powerful tool that you can use it even for 2D game design. In Windows, every window and container such as Form and PictureBox objects have unique handle numbers (actually they are pointers). When one needs to draw inside a container, the handle number of the container must be passed to Graphics object (the main object for GDI+ in System.Drawing namespace). Then, decorating of the container is so easy. A sample code is provided below to present how a rectangle and ellipse can be drawn by using GDI+ through Graphics object. Graphics g = picturebox1.creategraphics(); //the handle of picturebox passes Pen BluePen = new Pen(Color.Blue, 3); //a pen colored Blue & width of 3px g.drawrectangle(bluepen, 0,0,50,50); //draw rectangle using four point Pen RedPen = new Pen(Color.Red, 2); g.drawellipse(redpen, 0, 50, 80, 60); //draw ellipse using red pen GENERAL LIMITATIONS NOTES Your program should use OOP paradigm. Thus, you must use classes. All of your homework files/folders should be compressed into one folder. You have to build at least 4 list or list-like structures for holding cars. You cannot use any web found C# code or library in your project in means of cheating. Otherwise, you will be graded with 0. SAVE all your work until the experiment is graded. The assignment must be original, INDIVIDUAL work. Downloaded or modified source codes will be considered as cheating. Also the students who share their works will be punished in the same way. You can ask your question via course s piazza group SUBMISSON The experiment code will be tested in Microsoft Visual C # 2013 Edition. This package can be downloaded from Microsoft s site. Please ensure that your code is well working. Your submission will be in the format below <Bil203_1415_2_StudentID> -- report -- report.pdf -- source -- project.zip (contains your project folder) You have to use Online Experiment Submission System. Other type of submissions especially by WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED. Submission primary deadline is , PM. Three extension days are reserved for those who have delayed. However for each extension day you lose 10 marks. 5

In this lecture we will briefly examine a few new controls, introduce the concept of scope, random numbers, and drawing simple graphics.

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