use a cursor. Can I digitize points outside the defined grid? How do you digitize logs with two scales? Can I digitize a conductivity curve?

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1 Can I digitize points outside the defined grid? The grid for LOGDIGI sets the log and depth scales. It also sets the graphing area while digitizing. However, the program will take information anywhere in the active area of the tablet. Outside the defined grid, points will not be graphed but the coordinate pair is displayed. Occasionally one side of a log is difficult to re~d or croo~ed so a middle line rather than the edge can be used for sett~ng the gr~d. How do you digitize logs with two scales? Having two scales is fairly common for well logs. LOGDIGI can easily go between scales. When <New Log> is selected, users can enter the on and off scale (e.g.. 2 to 20 and 20 to 2000 is a common resistivity on and off scale). While digitizing users can go between these scales by selecting the <F1> key. Some users toggle between scales each time they encounter a scale change. Others choose to digitize all of the on-scale depths then the off-scale depths. Both procedures provide accurate digitizing. Can I digitize a conductivity curve? Yes, LOGDIGI offers a conductivity curve as a selection from <New Log>. The conductivity curve has a reference code of 199 and data is transformed into resistivity when saved to a file. Can I digitize a linear resistivity curve? Yes, LOGDIGI can digitize any linear or logarithmic well log curve. If a linear resistivity curve is not available in your log curve list, you can add one by selecting <A>dd Curve from the <New Log> screen. The program will prompt for the curve name, reference code, scales, and if linear or logarithmic [Example Rdeep, 185, 0, 10 for onscale 0, 100 for off-scale, 1 (for linear)]. My log values seem to be slightly off. How can I get more accurate numbers? Different users experience better accuracy using the cursor or stylus depending on good eye sight and steady hands. If your numbers are off by a little, try the other entry device. On a stylus, try to keep it vertical to the log. Defining the grid through several sections through the interactive grid option may also improve the accuracy of the data. Which should I use, the stylus or cursor? The pen stylus is faster to use but less accurate, while the cursor is slower but provides more accurate data. If you are digitizing data to do a quick interpretation, the stylus will probably suffice. However, is you are digitizing for archiving purposes, you may wish to use a cursor. Page 31

2 What does the Redefine digitize? question mean when choosing a new curve to Once a grid has been defined, the user can digitize all curves within that grid (or track). So if you are doing the second curve in a track, answer <N>o to Redefine. But if the next curve is in another track, the grid will need to be Redefined so answer <Y>es. Does it matter how fast or slow I digitize? The program can take data at the rate you trace. The graphing of logarithmic data may lag behind the data entry as the digitizing coordinates are translated to a logarithmic scale. If the buffer saving data becomes full, the program beeps. Stop digitizing for a moment until the beeps stop, then continue. I want to digitize points rather than a continuous curve and have the program connect the digitized points. How is this done? To connect digitized points the user needs to increase the maximum connect distance entered in the Setup screen so LOGDIGI will connect rather than skip between points. How can I digitize points and not process? If you quit the DIGITIZE section without processing, the digitized values are stored in a file TEMP This file is overwritten the next time data is digitized. When viewing data in LOGDIGI what values are used for the scale? LOGDIGI reads Default.DT2 and uses the stored on and off scale values. You can change these values in the <DIGITIZE> portion of LOG- DIGI. Why does LOGDIGI beep rapidly while I digitize? The buffer is almost full. program to catch up. Stop digitizing and wait for the I have a track with three scales. How can I digitize this curve? Under <New Log> enter the normal and off-scale for the curve. Digitize the curve portions for these two scales. Then press <Continue> change to the third scale and digitize depths for that scale. Page 32

3 I have a track that is half logarithmic and half linear. digitize it? How can I First check the track again. This type of scale change is most unusual. Several logs have a logarithmic resistivity track followed by a linear porosity track with the resistivity going onto the porosity track but the curve is still printed in the logarithmic scale. But if you have logarithmic and linear scales together, digitize the logarithmic portions first, process, then digitize the linear portions using <New Log> with the same reference code. I have a xeroxed log with the left side of the track missing. How do I setup the scale? A grid can be defined by any points. Most commonly the left and right edges are used, but using a middle value will work just as well. I digitized a gamma ray curve using a scale of 20 to 120, but the scale was actually 0 150, can I change values without redigitizing? No, not in LOGDIGI but you can in Lotus or in another spreadsheet program using the following equation: New Value OldValue-OldRight = * (NewLeft-NewRight) + NewLeft OldLeft-OldRight where in our example: OldValue=Log value, OldLeft = 20, OldRight =120, NewLeft=O, and OldLeft=150 How can I digitize a Spontaneous Potential Log with /20/ scale? This scale refers to the scale between grids, so if the graph has 10 grids, then the scale is 200. Depending on your purpose for digitizing the SP, some users digitize from 0 to 200. Others set the SP base line as zero and set a negative scale from there. For example, if the base is at the half grid, the scale would be -100 to 100. The view option in LOGDIGI has no grids and is fairly limited. How can I get a better log on-screen? LOGDIGI's viewing is limited. The Logic Group's LOGPRINT program provides flexible viewing of log curves for quality control as well as displaying logs in different formats. From LOGPRINT logs can also be printed or plotted. Delete does not delete data already in a file, why not? Delete only works on data that has been digitized but not processed. Actually some users never need the <DELETE> option because incorrect data can simply be redigitized. Page 33

4 I get an error when trying to view files which contain many curves, why? You may need more RAM memory. Run CHKDSK to see internal free memory. If the memory is less then 600K, modify your AUTOEXEC or CONFIG.SYS file to gain more memory. LOGPRINT's graphing is not memory intensive and offers more flexible graphing. Why can I sometimes digitize and other times I can't? Most likely your tablet is not being properly reinitialized. To reinitialize your tablet turn the tablet off and leave it off for one or two minutes. Then turn it back on prior to digitizing. Also, other software may change your tablets configuration so check switch settings. Do I have to press the stylus button every time I select a point while digitizing? No, hold the button down while tracing the curve and the program collects the data. Roughly how long does it take to digitize logs with LOGDIGI? You should be able to digitize 100 feet of curve in less than a minute. Simple curves such as the SP or Caliper are faster to digitize than porosity curves. How can I set data every 0.5 feet instead of every 1 foot? Change the depth increment in the tablet Setup screen to 0.5. I am digitizing a metric log and want data every.15 meters, but my file is all messed up, what happened? When logs are combined the inverse for the depth increment must be a whole number. Thus, valid depth increments are 1,.5,.25,.2, and.1. Page 34

5 Appendix A - Tablet Instruction Notes When installing the program for a particular digitizing tablet, the user has the option of installing a preset driver written for that particular digitizing tablet or to install a new driver. The list of drivers is constantly updated. If the user uses a preset driver, the switch settings for the tablet need to be set according to the settings described. When the software is first used, the digitizing tablet needs to be installed using the setup portion of the program. Tablets not currently having a preset driver can be installed whereby the user defines a new driver. In defining the driver, the user inputs the communication, command, and format information. Notes on installing a new driver follow. Users can also modify existing drivers. For example, suppose one digitizing software requires certain switch settings and our program requires different settings. Either the user can change the settings for each software program prior to usage or the user can modify the driver in our program to work under different switch settings. Create/Modify Driver As an example, if the user wants to modify the driver for the Numonics tablet, such as to include the area of a large tablet, first the driver for the Numonics tablet must first be installed from the ~ setup menu. This creates a file "PLAN. TAB". Exit the program and use the DOS copy command to create a file "PLAN.OTH": COpy PLAN.TAB PLAN.OTH Then re-start the program, selecting "Other" tablet. This will read the file PLAN.OTH and the user can make whatever changes are necessary to install the tablet as desired. Similarly, to install a new driver, select "OTHER" from the setup menu and then enter the following information. All of this information is available in the documentation provided from the manufacturer of the digitizing tablet. Communications: 1. Tablet Name - Any twelve characters 2. Baud Rate - Options are 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, (Most tablets use 9600) 3. Parity - Options are None, Even, and Odd 4. Data Bits - either 7 or 8 5. Stop Bits - 1 or 2 Page 35

6 Tablet: 1. Input the tablet x and y lengths in inches 2. Input the tablet resolution in lines per inch Note: for LOGDIGI the tablet size parameters are not needed and using the highest resolution available is preferred. For PLANIMETER the x and y lengths are useful when mapping the x and y coordinates on the screen. The resolution is needed to correctly compute the map areas. Commands: The program sends several commands to the tablet to start digitizing and to switch between digitizing modes. To enter a command which is not a standard keyboard character input its three digit ASCII code preceded by a dot (.NNN). For example, an ESCape character is.027 Also, the program does not automatically add CR and LF to the command, if they are needed, input If any commands are not needed or available, leave them blank. Reset - While not necessary, sending the reset command is recommended. Other software programs may change the tablet settings and a reset will change the settings back to those when the tablet is powered up. ~ Point Mode - The digitizing mode when a single coordinate pair is sent when a button is pushed on the cursor or stylus. Switch Stream Mode - The digitizing mode whereby continuous data points are sent only when a button is pressed. Increment Mode - The digitizing mode where a coordinate pair is sent each time the cursor is moved a certain distance in the x or y direction. The user needs to also input the increment distance. Initial - Up to 2 lines of initializing commands, such as resolution, set origin, output rate, enable commands, and start transmission. Only necessary if different settings are needed than those defaults when the tablet is reset. Examples: If the command for point mode was :P then :P would be entered. On the Numonics, the point mode is <ESC>PT which would be.027pt On the SummaGraphics SummaSketch, a start transmission HEX 11 needs to be sent before the tablet will transmit. The Initial command should be.017 Notes: 1) The preferred mode of operation is the increment mode which eliminat7s redundant dat~ being sent. However, the software works just as well ~n stream mode s~nce not all tablets support an increment mode. 2) Commands are not absolutely necessary. When writing a new driver set the switch settings to switch stream mode and the software will work. Page 36

7 Output Format: ~ 1. Number of bytes for each coordinate pair. Be careful to include sign bytes, delimiters flags, and ending bytes. 2. ASCII/Binary ASCII data takes more bytes but is easier to debug. Binary data is more efficient, takes fewer bytes and usually can transmit at faster rates. Both are equally accurate. 3. Echo - Yes/No. Some tablets (GTCO always and others tablets under switch control) will echo command bytes back to the computer. If the tablet does Echo, the software needs to read these bytes. We recommend not having the commands echoed. ASCII Output: 1. Byte number of the start of the x coordinate 2. Number of bytes for the x coordinate (usually 5) 3. Byte number of the start of the y coordinate 4. Number of bytes for the y coordinate (usually 5) 5. ASCII code for the last byte in the ASCII string (usually the last byte is either <CR> (.013) or LF (.010). The program needs to search for this byte to verify that the proper number of bytes have been sent. Binary Output: In binary output, each byte is multiplied by x and y multipliers ~ and then summed to produce the x and y integers. As an example, the SummaGraphics binary output is 5 bytes. The x coordinate is the 2nd byte plus 128 times the 3rd byte. The y coordinate is the 4th byte plus 128 times the 5th byte. The multipliers are therefore: x o o o Y oo o Debugging a New Driver If you have problems writing a driver, the following procedure will help identify the trouble and solve them. 1. Debugging is easier using ASCII data. for ASCII data. Change the switch settings 2. Run TABTEST. TABTEST is a program available on your program diske"tte designed to help test communications between the computer and tablet. Page 37

8 3. Enter requested communication parameters: baud rate, parity, stop bits, data bits, serial port, and command string is a command the computer needs to string. send to Note, the comm~nd the tablet to 1nitiate it and is not normally needed. Serial Port: - Parl~: Da~ Blu: 5mpBlu: ~M(~):~.-III!..-m. IteR Is OPrJOrtAL I'rp,>,> <FliP tll Cnnt inue After the communication parameters are entered, press <FIO>. program prompts the user to press a point on their tablet. The II22B25 II2582Z 81658Z Serial Pon: - BaudRa~: Parl~: Da~Blu: BmII SwpBlu: _ ~M(~):""""""""""". Pr'p,s" pn int, Oil t.he Tablet, 9191i Z 9BB7Z If no data is displayed on the screen, check all cables and try again. Running other digitizing software is a good check for the tablet and cables. If the program still doesn't run double check the above communication parameters.. I~ data i~ being received, bu~ is ineligible, either binary data 1S be1ng rece1ved or the commun1cation parameters are incorrect, usually the latter. Page 38

9 4. After legible x,y coordinates are being received, check the nu~er ~ of bytes in a coordinate pair. Each pair should line up on one llne. Count all bytes including numbers, spaces, commas. If each coordinate pair is on a different line, the output bytes end with a CR. If each coordinate pair is preceded by a blank line, the output bytes end with a CR LF. Include the CR and CR LF in the number of bytes. Also note the start of the x and y numbers and their length. That's It! Install the "Other" tablet and modify the driver as needed to fit the parameters filled out in to TABTEST. give you A a form at written the back record of of this appendix can be the parameters for your driver. IMPORTANT: After the software is running correctly, make a backup copy of the file "PLAN. OTH" which contains the driver on the original program floppy disk. If you fail to have coordinates displayed with TABTEST, the problem could be the tablet, the serial port, a memory resident program in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file, a setting in your CONFIG.SYS file, a cable, or a memory problem. To check if the AUTOEXEC.BAT file, CONFIG.SYS, or a memory resident program is causing problems, you will need to boot the computer with a boot disk in the A: drive. To create a boot disk, insert a nonformatted disk into the A: drive and use the following DOS command: FORMAT A: /S Once the formatting is complete, re-boot your computer with this disk in the A: drive and run TABTEST again. If TABTEST works, look in your AUTOEXEC.BAT or CONFIG.SYS files for memory management or communication programs. A commonly found program which causes problems is a mouse driver. Page 39