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МУИС ХШУИС МКУТийн багш П.Гантуяа Introduction to Multimedia 1.1 What is Multimedia? 1.2 Multimedia and Hypermedia 1.3 World Wide Web 1.4 Overview of Multimedia Software Tools 1.5 Further Exploration

1.1 What is Multimedia? Multi болон Media гэсэн үгнээс үүссэн Multi Олон, хамтын Media Хэвлэл мэдээллийн хэрэгсэл Сонин, сэтгүүл, зурагт гэх мэт Distribution tool & information presentation text, graphic, voice, images, music and etc. 2

Шинжлэх ухааны аль ч салбарт техник технологийн ололтыг өргөнөөр ашигласнаар юмс, үзэгдлийн мөн чанарыг танин мэдэх үйл ажиллагааг хамгийн энгийн бөгөөд үр дүнтэй хэлбэрээр хөтлөн явуулах бололцоотой болсон. Боловсролын салбарт мэдээллийн шинэ технологи гүнзгий нэвтэрч байгаа өнөөгийн нөхцөлд сургалтанд multimedia технологийг ашигласан дуу, дүрс бичлэгийг бүтээх түгээн дэлгэрүүлэх нь чухал ач холбогдолтой юм.

Сүүлийн үед сургалтанд комьпютер өргөн хэрэглэгдэх болсон бөгөөд энэ нь дуут хөдөлгөөнт дүрст мэдээллийг хүлээн авах, дахин боловсруулах боломжийг нэгэн зэрэг олгодог.

Мультимедиа нь олон төрлийн мэдээллийг дамжуулахад ашиглагддаг технологи түүнд аудио,текст,зурган дүрслэл,хөдөлгөөнт зураг,видео бичлэг,харилцан мэдээлэл солилцох гэх зэрэг 6 үндсэн зүйл багтдаг. Мөн мультимедиа нь компьютерээр боловсруулсан мэдээ баримтыг хадгалахад ашиглагдах ба ялангуяа олон төрөл зүйлийн мэдээлэлийг нэгтгэн хадгалахад ашиглагдана.

Салбарууд Мултимедиагийн хэрэглээ нь урлаг, боловсрол, тоглоом зугаа, инженерчлэл, эрүүл мэнд, математик болон жинжлэх ухааны судалгаа зэрэг салбаруудад өргән тархсан байдаг. Хэрэглээний салбарууд Боловсролын салбарт компьютер суурьтай сургалт (computer-based training-свт) явуулах.

Тоглоомын салбарт жишээ нь киноны анимаци, хүүхэлдэйн кино зэргээр мултимедиа нь маш түгәэмэл хэрэглэддэг. Мультимедиа тоглоомууд CD-ROM дээр, Видео тоглоомууд тоглоомын машин дээр суусан байдаг бөгөөд Интерактив мултимедиа нь зөвхөн нэг төрлийн идәвхигүй мэдээлэл хүлээн авах буе дотор нь оролцох боломж олгодогоороо онцлог. Техникийн хангамжийнг хувьд ч joysticks зэрэг шинэ гадаад төхөөрөмжүүдийг хэрэглэдэг. Мултимедиагийн агуулгын нэг чиглэл нь virtual reality хэмээн нэрлэгдэх техник ЮМ- Энә нь хэрэглэгчид жинхэнэ бодит орчинд орсон мэт сэтгэгдэл төрүүлэхүйц орчин (environment) бий болгох арга юм.

Text Audio Still Images Animation Video Interactivity

Жишээ нь: Видео хуралдаан. Онлайн лекц. Эрүүл мэндийн салбарт. Хамтын ажиллагаанд. Тодорхой зорилгоор олон өгөгдөл дундаас маш том хэмжээний видео болон зураг хайх. Augmented reality: Үзэгдэл(scene)-рүү видео обьектууд болон компьютер графикийг бодитойгоор харуулах. Дуу авиа таних төхөөрөмжүүд. 9

Video tele-conferencing A PowerPoint presentation used in a corporate office VVO Multimedia-terminal in Germany 10

Tele medicine Voice recognition 11

Augmented reality Samsung SARI AR SDK markerless tracker used in the AR EdiBear game (Android OS) Virtual reality

Мултимедиагийн агуулгын нэг чиглэл нь virtual reality хэмәэн нэрләгдэх техник юм. Энә нь хэрэглэп-мд жинхэнэ бодит орчинд орсон мэт сэтгәгдэл төрүүлэхүйц орчин (environment) бий болгох арга юм. Нисэгчдийн бэлтгэл хийх, механик, инженерийн дасгал, сургалт, туршилт хийхэд хэрәглэгдәнэ. Ингэснээр үйлдвэрлэлд оруулахаас өмнө аливаа әд зүйлийн бүхий л деталь хэсэг, хүндрэлтэй хэсгийн тухай перспектив мэдәэлэлийг бий болгоно. Энә чиглэлийн computer-aided design (CAD) хэмәэн нэрлэдэг.

Эрүүл мэндийн салбарт эмч нарын сургалтыг явуулахдаа хүний бие эрхтэнийг нян, бактерууд хэрхэн өвчлүүлдэг, түүнээс хэрхэн сэргийлэх талаар симуляц хийн үзүүлдэг. Математикийн салбарт шинжлэх ухааны судлаачид загвар гаргах. дуурайлт (simulation) хийхэд ашигладаг. Жишээ нь молекулын загвараар шинэ нэгдэл гаргахдаа хэрэглэдэг.

Урлагийн салбарт мултимедиа технологийг ашиглан хүний гайхашралыг төрүүлэхүйц бүтээлүүд хийдэг. Текст Хәл судлалын хувьд текст нь аливаа зүйлийг илэрхийлэх үгийн бүтцэд ордог хэрэглэгдэхүүн бөгөөд харилцааны чухал хэрэглүүр болдог. Текстийг судлан ном зохиол, түүх соёлын дурсгалыг тодруулахал ч ашиглана. Гар угасны харилцааны хувьд текст нь тоон утгатай богино захиа- message-r төхөөрөмжүүдийн хооронд дамжуулах хэрэгсләл болно.

Компьютерийн ухаанд тэмдэгт өгөгдөл (character data) болон санах ойн программын сегментийн (segment) үүрәгтэй. Аудио Аудио гэдэг нь сонсогдох дуу чимээ юм. Доргио вибраци нь цахилгаан болон бусад терлийн давтамж бүхий дохиог үүсгэснәэр (20-20.000 Hz) хүний чихэнд сонсогдохуйц (audible) байна. Дүрслэл - Image Латинаар Imago хэмээн хэрлэгдэх график буюу зураг нь альваа нэгэн бодит зүйл, субъектийн дүрслэл юм. Дүрслэл нь 2 хэмжээст (фото зураг) 3 хэмжээст (баримал) хэлбэрээр ихэвчлэх байдаг. График имиж- image -ийг мен 3 хэмжээст дүрсийг үзүүлэх газрын зураг. график, үзүүлэн, абстракт зураг гэх мэтчилэнг нэрлэхэд өргөнөөр хэрэглэдэг. Мен гараар зурах хар зураг. уран зураг, сийлбэр зэрэг болон компьютер графикийн технологийн эсвэл хослуулсан псеүдо-фотограф pseudo-photograph) байдпаар бүтээсэн зүйлийг ч имиж гэдэг.

Hypermedia and Multimedia A hypertext system: энэ нь шугаман бусаар уншигдах гэсэн утгатай бөгөөд холбоосоор дамжин баримтын аль нэг хэсэгт үсэрч очихыг хэлнэ. HyperMedia: Текст, график, зураг төдийгүй дуу болон видеог агуулдаг. Үүнийг харуулсан хамгийн том жишээ нь: The World Wide Web (WWW) юм. Multimedia нь мөн дээрхийн адил дуу дүрс текст агуулдаг хэдий ч уламжлалт буюу сонин сэтгүүл, телевиз, радиог агуулдгаараа илүү өргөн хүрээг хамардаг. Өөрөөр хэлбэл нь multimedia гийн нэг бүрэлдэхүүн хэсэг нь hypermedia юм. 18

Жишээ нь : Digital video editing and production systems. Electronic newspapers/magazines. World Wide Web. On-line reference works: e.g. encyclopedia, games, etc. Home shopping. Interactive TV. Multimedia courseware. Video conferencing. Video-on-demand. Interactive movies. Multimedia Systems (eadeli@iust.ac.ir) 19

1.3 World Wide Web WWW-ийн гол зорилтууд нь: 1. Хэн ч хаанаас ч (by everyone everywhere). 2. Мэдээллийг үр ашигтай байхаар байрлуулах 3. Тавигдсан материалууд үнэн бодитой байх. History of the WWW 1960s Charles Goldfarb et al. developed the Generalized Markup Language (GML) for IBM. 1986 The ISO released a final version of the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML). Multimedia Systems (eadeli@iust.ac.ir) 20

1990 Tim Berners-Lee invented the HyperText Markup Language (HTML), and the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP). 1993 NCSA released an alpha version of Mosaic based on the version by Marc Andreessen for X-Windows the first popular browser. 1994 Marc Andreessen et al. formed Mosaic Communications Corporation later the Netscape Communications Corporation. 1998 The W3C accepted XML version 1.0 specifications as a Recommendation the main focus of the W3C and supersedes HTML. Multimedia Systems (eadeli@iust.ac.ir) 21

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) HTTP: a protocol that was originally designed for transmitting hypermedia, but can also support the transmission of any file type. HTTP is a stateless request/response protocol: no information carried over for the next request. The basic request format: Method URI Version Additional-Headers: Message-body The URI (Uniform Resource Identifier): an identifier for the resource accessed, e.g. the host name, always preceded by the token http://. Multimedia Systems (eadeli@iust.ac.ir) 22

Two popular methods: GET and POST. Түгээмэл 2 арга байдаг. The basic response format: Version Status-Code Status-Phrase Additional-Headers Message-body Two commonly seen status codes: 1. 200 OK the request was processed successfully. 2. 404 Not Found the URI does not exist. Multimedia Systems (eadeli@iust.ac.ir) 23

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) HTML: a language for publishing Hypermedia on the World Wide Web defined using SGML: 1. HTML uses ASCII, it is portable to all different (possibly binary incompatible) computer hardware. 2. The current version of HTML is version 4.01. 3. The next generation of HTML is XHTML a reformulation of HTML using XML. HTML uses tags to describe document elements: <token params> defining a starting point. </token> the ending point of the element. Some elements have no ending tags. Multimedia Systems (eadeli@iust.ac.ir) 24

A very simple HTML page is as follows: <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE> A sample web page. </TITLE> <META NAME = "Author" CONTENT = "Cranky Professor"> </HEAD> <BODY> <P> We can put any text we like here, since this is a paragraph element. </P> </BODY> </HTML> Naturally, HTML has more complex structures and can be mixed in with other standards. Multimedia Systems (eadeli@iust.ac.ir) 25

XML (Extensible Markup Language) XML: a markup language for the WWW in which there is modularity of data, structure and view so that user or application can be able to define the tags (structure). Example of using XML to retrieve stock information from a database according to a user query: 1. First use a global Document Type Definition (DTD) that is already defined. 2. The server side script will abide by the DTD rules to generate an XML document according to the query using data from your database. 3. Finally send user the XML Style Sheet (XSL) depending on the type of device used to display the information. Multimedia Systems (eadeli@iust.ac.ir) 26

The current XML version is XML 1.0, approved by the W3C in Feb. 1998. XML syntax looks like HTML syntax, although it is much more strict: All tags are in lower case, and a tag that has only inline data has to terminate itself, i.e., <token params />. Uses name spaces so that multiple DTDs declaring different elements but with similar tag names can have their elements distinguished. DTDs can be imported from URIs as well. Multimedia Systems (eadeli@iust.ac.ir) 27

An example of an XML document structure the definition for a small XHTML document: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?> <!DOCTYPE htmlpublic "- //W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 "http://www.w3.org/tr/xhtml1/dtd/xhtml1- transition.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">... [html that follows the above mentioned XML rules] </html> Multimedia Systems (eadeli@iust.ac.ir) 28

The following XML related specifications are also standardized: XML Protocol: used to exchange XML information between processes. XML Schema: a more structured and powerful language for defining XML data types (tags). XSL: basically CSS for XML. SMIL: Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language, pronounced smile a particular application of XML (globally predefined DTD) that allows for specification of interaction among any media types and user input, in a temporally scripted manner. Multimedia Systems (eadeli@iust.ac.ir) 29

SMIL (Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language) Purpose of SMIL: it is also desirable to be able to publish multimedia presentations using a markup language. A multimedia markup language needs to enable scheduling and synchronization of different multimedia elements, and define their interactivity with the user. The W3C established a Working Group in 1997 to come up with specifications for a multimedia synchronization language SMIL 2.0 was accepted in August 2001. SMIL 2.0 is specified in XML using a modularization approach similar to the one used in xhtml: Multimedia Systems (eadeli@iust.ac.ir) 30

1. All SMIL elements are divided into modules sets of XML elements, attributes and values that define one conceptual functionality. 2. In the interest of modularization, not all available modules need to be included for all applications. 3. Language Profiles: specifies a particular grouping of modules, and particular modules may have integration requirements that a profile must follow. SMIL 2.0 has a main language profile that includes almost all SMIL modules. Basic elements of SMIL as shown in the following example: Multimedia Systems (eadeli@iust.ac.ir) 31

<!DOCTYPE smil PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SMIL 2.0" "http://www.w3.org/2001/smil20/smil20.dtd"> <smil xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/smil20/language"> <head> <meta name="author" content="some Professor" /> </head> <body> <par id="makingofabook"> <seq> <video src="authorview.mpg" /> <img src="onagoodday.jpg" /> </seq> <audio src="authorview.wav" /> <text src="http://www.cs.sfu.ca/mmbook/" /> </par> </body> </smil> Multimedia Systems (eadeli@iust.ac.ir) 32

1.4 Overview of Multimedia Software Tools The categories of software tools briefly examined here are: 1. Music Sequencing and Notation 2. Digital Audio 3. Graphics and Image Editing 4. Video Editing 5. Animation 6. Multimedia Authoring Multimedia Systems (eadeli@iust.ac.ir) 33

Music Sequencing and Notation Cakewalk: now called Pro Audio. The term sequencer comes from older devices that stored sequences of notes ( events, in MIDI). It is also possible to insert WAV files and Windows MCI commands (for animation and video) into music tracks (MCI is a ubiquitous component of the Windows API.) Cubase: another sequencing/editing program, with capabilities similar to those of Cakewalk. It includes some digital audio editing tools. Macromedia Soundedit: mature program for creating audio for multimedia projects and the web that integrates well with other Macromedia products such as Flash and Director. Multimedia Systems (eadeli@iust.ac.ir) 34

Digital Audio Digital Audio tools deal with accessing and editing the actual sampled sounds that make up audio: Cool Edit: a very powerful and popular digital audio toolkit; emulates a professional audio studio multitrack productions and sound file editing including digital signal processing effects. Sound Forge: a sophisticated PC-based program for editing audio WAV files. Pro Tools: a high-end integrated audio production and editing environment MIDI creation and manipulation; powerful audio mixing, recording, and editing software. Multimedia Systems (eadeli@iust.ac.ir) 35

Graphics and Image Editing Adobe Illustrator: a powerful publishing tool from Adobe. Uses vector graphics; graphics can be exported to Web. Adobe Photoshop: the standard in a graphics, image processing and manipulation tool. Allows layers of images, graphics, and text that can be separately manipulated for maximum flexibility. Filter factory permits creation of sophisticated lighting-effects filters. Macromedia Fireworks: software for making graphics specifically for the web. Macromedia Freehand: a text and web graphics editing tool that supports many bitmap formats such as GIF, PNG, and JPEG. Multimedia Systems (eadeli@iust.ac.ir) 36

Video Editing Adobe Premiere: an intuitive, simple video editing tool for nonlinear editing, i.e., putting video clips into any order: Video and audio are arranged in tracks. Provides a large number of video and audio tracks, superimpositions and virtual clips. A large library of built-in transitions, filters and motions for clips effective multimedia productions with little effort. Adobe After Effects: a powerful video editing tool that enables users to add and change existing movies. Can add many effects: lighting, shadows, motion blurring; layers. Final Cut Pro: a video editing tool by Apple; Macintosh only. Multimedia Systems (eadeli@iust.ac.ir) 37

Animation Multimedia APIs: Java3D: API used by Java to construct and render 3D graphics, similar to the way in which the Java Media Framework is used for handling media files. 1. Provides a basic set of object primitives (cube, splines, etc.) for building scenes. 2. It is an abstraction layer built on top of OpenGL or DirectX (the user can select which). DirectX: Windows API that supports video, images, audio and 3-D animation OpenGL: the highly portable, most popular 3-D API. Multimedia Systems (eadeli@iust.ac.ir) 38

Rendering Tools: 3D Studio Max: rendering tool that includes a number of very high-end professional tools for character animation, game development, and visual effects production. Softimage XSI: a powerful modeling, animation, and rendering package used for animation and special effects in films and games. Maya: competing product to Softimage; as well, it is a complete modeling package. RenderMan: rendering package created by Pixar. GIF Animation Packages: a simpler approach to animation, allows very quick development of effective small animations for the web. Multimedia Systems (eadeli@iust.ac.ir) 39

Multimedia Authoring Macromedia Flash: allows users to create interactive movies by using the score metaphor, i.e., a timeline arranged in parallel event sequences. Macromedia Director: uses a movie metaphor to create interactive presentations very powerful and includes a built-in scripting language, Lingo, that allows creation of complex interactive movies. Authorware: a mature, well-supported authoring product based on the Iconic/Flow-control metaphor. Quest: similar to Authorware in many ways, uses a type of flowcharting metaphor. However, the flowchart nodes can encapsulate information in a more abstract way (called frames) than simply subroutine levels. Multimedia Systems (eadeli@iust.ac.ir) 40

Some Open-Source Multimedia Authoring Tools Virtual Dub: A video capture/processing utility for 32-bit Windows platforms, licensed under the GNU GPL. http://www.virtualdub.org/ http://virtualdub.sourceforge.net/ Audacity: Audacity is a free, easy-to-use audio editor and recorder for Windows, Mac OS X, GNU/Linux and other operating systems. http://audacity.sourceforge.net/ KompoZer: A complete web authoring system that combines web file management and easy-to-use WYSIWYG web page editing. Designed to be extremely easy to use. http://www.kompozer.net/ And a lot more at: http://sourceforge.net/ Multimedia Systems (eadeli@iust.ac.ir) 41