ORGANIZING HARD DRIVES IN A "WINDOWS 10" OR "WINDOWS 8.1" COMPUTER

Web lcatin fr this presentatin: http://aztcs.rg Click n Meeting Ntes 2

SUMMARY Yu can use the bundled "Strage Spaces" applet inside a "Windws 10.." r "Windws 8.1.." cmputer t rganize yur hard drives in rder t make yur cmputer easier t use and t reduce the prbability f data lss. 3

TOPICS "Strage Spaces" in "Windws 10" "Simple" fr Greater Disk Size "Mirrring" Fr Redundancy "Mirrring" and "Just A Bunch f Disks--simple" fr Better Prtectin frm Data Lss 4

WAYS TO START "DISK MANAGEMENT" IN "WINDOWS.." See https://www.digitalcitizen.life/pendisk-management-windws 5

REQUIRES FOR REAL HARD DRIVES THAT ARE USED FOR "STORAGE SPACES" Each real hard drive that yu add t a "Strage Pl" must be at least 5 Gigabytes in size 6

BIG STEPS FOR FREEING UP THE C: DRIVE Big Step 300: Make "file extensins", & "hsystem Files" 7

BIG STEPS FOR FREEING UP THE C: DRIVE (cntinued) Big Step 500: Run "Disk Cleanup" n the nn-system files Big Step 600: Attach a mechanical hard drive t yur cmputer (via SATA, esata, r USB 3) 8

BIG STEPS FOR FREEING UP THE C: DRIVE (cntinued) Big Step 700: Mve data files frm the C: drive (t the hard drive that yu attached in "Step 600") Big Step 800 (ptinal): Set "Knwn Flders" t redirect frm the C: drive t the hard drive that yu attached in "Step 600" 9

BIG STEPS FOR FREEING UP THE C: DRIVE (cntinued) Big Step 900 (ptinal): Relcate "Desktp Apps" frm the C: drive t the hard drive that yu attached in "Step 500" Big Step 1000 (ptinal): Relcate "UWP" apps ("Universal Windws Platfrm" apps) frm the C: drive t the hard drive that yu attached in "Step 500" 10

BIG STEPS FOR FREEING UP THE C: DRIVE (cntinued) Big Step 1100 (Optinal): Cmpress the C:\Windws flder t gain abut 3 Gigabites f space Big Step 1200 (Optinal): Cmpress the C:\Users flder Big Step 1300 (Optinal): Turn n "Strage Sense" in "Windws 10.." 11

BIG STEPS FOR FREEING UP THE C: DRIVE (cntinued) Big Step 1400 (Optinal): Delete the "Recvery Partitin" r "..Utilities" partitin if yur "Windws 10.." cmputer has ne. Then expand the C: partitin t take up the space in the deleted partitin. 12

EXPLANATIONS FOR THE BIG STEPS Big Step 100: Run "System Restre" t back up the Windws "Registry" (in case yu inadvertently hurt the Windws "Registry" with the ther big steps). 14

EXPLANATIONS FOR THE BIG STEPS (cntinued) Big Step 200: Attach an external USB 3 (r esata) hard drive (temprarily) t yur cmputer, then use "Macrium Reflect Free" r "Acrnis True Image" t make an image f the entire internal hard drive. Then discnnect the external USB r esata hard drive. (S that yu have an ffline image backup f the hard drive where the C: partitin resides that yu can restre frm.) 15

EXPLANATIONS FOR THE BIG STEPS (cntinued) Big Step 300: Make "file extensins", & "hidden files, flders, and drives" visible, (It is hard t tell the real name f a file if extensins fr files are hidden frm view in "File Explrer". It is hard t use an empty hard drive that is hidden frm view in "File Explrer". "Prtected perating system" files ften take up a lt f rm n a C: hard drive partitin.) 16

EXPLANATIONS FOR THE BIG STEPS (cntinued) Big Step 400: Run "Disk Cleanup" n the "System Files". ("System Files" ften take up a lt f unnecessary space n a C: hard drive partitin.) 17

EXPLANATIONS FOR THE BIG STEPS (cntinued) Big Step 500: Run "Disk Cleanup" n the nn-system files. (When yu install a "desktp app", either frm Micrsft r frm a "third-party", the "desktp app" will ften leave temprary files and installatin files that take up space and are nt needed by the "desktp app".) 18

EXPLANATIONS FOR THE BIG STEPS (cntinued) Big Step 600: Attach a mechanical hard drive t yur cmputer (via SATA, esata, r USB 3). (Yu will prbably need extra strage space fr prgram files and data files, that currently reside n the C: drive partitin, that yu d nt wish t delete. Data files that yu d nt wish t delete usually include pht files, spreadsheet files, presentatin files, wrk prcessing dcument files, etc.) 19

EXPLANATIONS FOR THE BIG STEPS (cntinued) Big Step 700: Mve data files frm the C: drive (t the hard drive that yu attached in "Step 600"). (Fr mst Windws.. cmputers, mving data files t anther hard drive prbably can prbably free up mre rm n the C: drive than any ther step.) 20

EXPLANATIONS FOR THE BIG STEPS (cntinued) Big Step 800 (ptinal): Set "Knwn Flders" t redirect frm the C: drive t the hard drive that yu attached in "Step 500". (If yu set "Knwn Flders" t redirect frm the C: drive anther hard drive, then, by default, when yu d a "Save.." r "Save As.." fr a new data file, it will default t a lcatin n a nn-c: drive s that the C: drive will nt fill up again.) 21

EXPLANATIONS FOR THE BIG STEPS (cntinued) Big Step 900 (ptinal): Relcate "Desktp Apps" frm the C: drive t the hard drive that yu attached in "Step 500". (By default, "Desktp apps" take up significant amunts f space n yur C: drive s relcating them t a nn-c: drive is a great way t free up space n the C: drive. Unfrtunately, the prcess fr relcating them invlves a remval fllwed by a reinstallatin.) 22

EXPLANATIONS FOR THE BIG STEPS (cntinued) Big Step 1000 (ptinal): Relcate "UWP" apps ("Universal Windws Platfrm" apps) frm the C: drive t the hard drive that yu attached in "Step 500". (Yu can easily re-lcate "UWP" apps frm the C: drive t anther drive frm inside "Settings" in "Windws 10..". Hwever, yu can nly free up 1 t 4 Gigabytes f space n the C: drive by ding 23 s.)

EXPLANATIONS FOR THE BIG STEPS (cntinued) Big Step 1100 (Optinal): Cmpress the C:\Windws flder. (Cmpressing the C:\Windws flder slws dwn yur cmputer but it nly gains abut 3 Gigabytes f space n the C: drive. Cmputer technicians ften cmpress the C:\Windws flder when they encunter a C: drive partitin that is s stuffed that Windws.. keeps lcking up as a temprary way t get Windws.. t run well enugh s that ther repairs can be made. 24

EXPLANATIONS FOR THE BIG STEPS (cntinued) (Big Step 1100 (Optinal): Cmpress the C:\Windws flder (cntinued). Then they uncmpress the C:\windws flder t speed back up the cmputer.) 25

EXPLANATIONS FOR THE BIG STEPS (cntinued) Big Step 1200 (Optinal): Cmpress the C:\Users flder. (This als slws dwn yur cmputer and shuld be dne nly as a temprary measure t t get Windws.. t run well enugh s that ther repairs can be made.) 26

EXPLANATIONS FOR THE BIG STEPS (cntinued) Big Step 1300 (Optinal): Turn n "Strage Sense" in "Windws 10..". (This is a new feature in the versin 1809 "Feature Update" f "Windws 10.." that mst Windws 10.. cmputers d nt have yet. Based n the rules that yu tell it, it will delete "unwanted"/"unneeded" files frm the C: drive at regularlyscheduled intervals f time.) 27

EXPLANATIONS FOR THE BIG STEPS (cntinued) Big Step 1400 (Optinal): Delete the "Recvery Partitin" in "Windws 10..". (If yu C: drive partitin r yur "EFI System Partitin" subsequently fails, yu will be unable t recver it frm the "Recvery Partitin" s yu wuld then have t recver the failed partitin frm the image backup that yu made in "Big Step 200" instead.) 28

BIG STEP 100: RUN "SYSTEM RESTORE" TO BACK UP THE WINDOWS "REGISTRY" Small Step 101: Right click n the Start buttn Small Step 102: Click n "Run" Small Step 103: Type in cntrl Small Step 104: Click n "OK" Small Step 105: The "Cntrl Panel" will be displayed 29

BIG STEP 100: RUN "SYSTEM RESTORE" TO BACK UP THE WINDOWS "REGISTRY"(cntinued) Small Step 106: Duble-click n "System". (Yu might have t lcate "System" inside "System and Security") 30

BIG STEP 100: RUN "SYSTEM RESTORE" TO BACK UP THE WINDOWS "REGISTRY"(cntinued) Small Step 107: A "System" windw will be displayed 31

BIG STEP 100: RUN "SYSTEM RESTORE" TO BACK UP THE WINDOWS "REGISTRY"(cntinued) Small Step 108: Click n "System prtectin" inside the "System" windw Small Step 109: A "System Prperties" windw will be displayed Small Step 110: Click n the "Create..." buttn Small Step 111: A "System Prtectin" bx will be displayed 32

BIG STEP 100: RUN "SYSTEM RESTORE" TO BACK UP THE WINDOWS "REGISTRY"(cntinued) Small Step 112: Enter an apprpriate name in the "System Prtectin" bx. A gd name wuld be <yyyy-mm-dd> <24-hur time> <am r pm> such as 2019-01-06 1300pm 33

BIG STEP 100: RUN "SYSTEM RESTORE" TO BACK UP THE WINDOWS "REGISTRY"(cntinued) Small Step 113: Click n the "Create" buttn f the "System Prtectin" bx Small Step 114: Click n the "Clse" buttn f the "System Prtectin" bx Small Step 115: The "System Prtectin" bx will disappear 34

BIG STEP 100: RUN "SYSTEM RESTORE" TO BACK UP THE WINDOWS "REGISTRY"(cntinued) Small Step 116: Click n the "OK" buttn f the "System Prperties" bx Small Step 117: The "System Prperties" bx will disappear Small Step 118: The "System Prperties" bx will disappear 35

BIG STEP 100: RUN "SYSTEM RESTORE" TO BACK UP THE WINDOWS "REGISTRY"(cntinued) Small Step 119: Click n the "x" buttn f the "Cntrl Panel" windw t clse the "Cntrl Panel" windw Small Step 120: The "Cntrl Panel" windw will disappear 36

BIG STEP 200: CREATE A BACKUP IMAGE OF THE HARD DRIVE WHERE C: RESIDES Use "Macrium Reflect Free" r "Acrnis True Image" t make a backup image f the hard drive where C: resides 38

BIG STEP 200: CREATE A BACKUP IMAGE OF THE HARD DRIVE WHERE C: RESIDES (cntinued) T dwnlad a cpy f "Macrium Reflect Free", g t https://www.macrium.cm/reflectfree 39

BIG STEP 200: CREATE A BACKUP IMAGE OF THE HARD DRIVE WHERE C: RESIDES (cntinued) Screen shts t shw yu hw t install "Macrium Reflect Free" int a "Windws.." cmputer are available at http://aztcs.rg/meeting_ntes/winhard sig/sftware/utils/zip/macriuminstallintwin.zip 40

BIG STEP 200: CREATE A BACKUP IMAGE OF THE HARD DRIVE WHERE C: RESIDES (cntinued) Screen shts t shw yu hw t use "Macrium Reflect Free" t create a btable Rescue Media CD r DVD are available at http://aztcs.rg/meeting_ntes/winhard sig/sftware/utils/zip/macriumcreatere scuedvdinwin.zip 41

BIG STEP 200: CREATE A BACKUP IMAGE OF THE HARD DRIVE WHERE C: RESIDES (cntinued) T test the btable "Macrium Reflect Free" "Recue Media" DVD r CD, yu can access the UEFI cnfiguratin screens f yur cmputer either with the manufacturer-prvided key sequence during the pwer-n bt up r yu can use "Settings" in "Windws 10.." as described in http://aztcs.rg/meeting_ntes/winhardsi g/hardware/uefiviawin10.pdf 42

BIG STEP 200: CREATE A BACKUP IMAGE OF THE HARD DRIVE WHERE C: RESIDES (cntinued) Screen shts t shw yu hw t use the Windws desktp "Graphical User Interface" f "Macrium Reflect Free" t make a backup image f the hard drive was C: resides are available at http://aztcs.rg/meeting_ntes/winhard sig/sftware/utils/zip/macriumbackupvi awingui.zip 43

BIG STEP 200: CREATE A BACKUP IMAGE OF THE HARD DRIVE WHERE C: RESIDES (cntinued) The backup image that yu create fr the hard drive where C: resides shuld be stred n a hard drive that is ff-line in a safe place. It shuld nt be attached t yur cmputer because it shuld be away frm malware and ther bad things that might happen t yur cmputer. 44

BIG STEP 200: CREATE A BACKUP IMAGE OF THE HARD DRIVE WHERE C: RESIDES (cntinued) Having a backup image f the hard drive where C: resides lets yu recver frm any prblems that might arise frm the remain steps in this prcedure fr freeing up space n the C: drive partitin f yur cmputer. 45

BIG STEP 200: CREATE A BACKUP IMAGE OF THE HARD DRIVE WHERE C: RESIDES (cntinued) Having a backup image f the hard drive where C: resides makes it pssible fr yu t perfrm Big Step 1400 (Optinal): Delete the "Recvery Partitin" if yur "Windws 10.." cmputer has ne. 46

BIG STEP 300: MAKE "FILE EXTENSIONS" & "HIDDEN FILES, FOLDERS, AND DRIVES" VISIBLE Small Step 301: Right click n the Start buttn Small Step 302: Click n "Run" Small Step 303: Type in cntrl Small Step 304: Click n "OK" Small Step 305: The "Cntrl Panel" will be displayed 48

BIG STEP 300: MAKE "FILE EXTENSIONS" & "HIDDEN FILES, FOLDERS, AND DRIVES" VISIBLE (cntinued) Small Step 306: Duble-click n "File Explrer Optins". (Yu might have t lcate "File Explrer Optins" inside "Appearance and Persnalizatin") 49

BIG STEP 300: MAKE "FILE EXTENSIONS" & "HIDDEN FILES, FOLDERS, AND DRIVES" VISIBLE (cntinued) Small Step 307: Get int the "View" tab f "File Explrer Optins" by clicking n it 50

BIG STEP 300: RUN "SYSTEM RESTORE TO BACK UP THE WINDOWS "REGISTRY (cntinued) Small Step 308: Inside the "Advanced settings" field, make sure that the "Shw hidden files, flders, and drives" radi buttn is selected. 51

BIG STEP 300: RUN "SYSTEM RESTORE TO BACK UP THE WINDOWS "REGISTRY (cntinued) Small Step 309: Inside the "Advanced settings" field, make sure that there is n check mark fr "Hide extensins fr knwn file types" 52

BIG STEP 300: RUN "SYSTEM RESTORE TO BACK UP THE WINDOWS "REGISTRY (cntinued) Small Step 310: Inside the "Advanced settings" field, remve the check mark frm "Hide prtected perating system files (Recmmended)" if yu find a check mark there. When yu d s, yu will get an "Are yu sure.." warning. If yu get this warning, click n the "Yes" buttn f the warning bx. Yu can 53

BIG STEP 300: RUN "SYSTEM RESTORE TO BACK UP THE WINDOWS "REGISTRY (cntinued) Small Step 310 (cntinued): When yu are dne with freeing up space n yur C: drive, yu can restre the check mark fr "Hide prtected perating system files (Recmmended)" t avid seeing the *.ini files, the pagefile.sys file, the swapfile.sys file, and ther perating system files that yu d nt nrmally need t see. 54

BIG STEP 300: RUN "SYSTEM RESTORE TO BACK UP THE WINDOWS "REGISTRY (cntinued) Small Step 311: Click n the "Apply" buttn f the "File Explrer Optins" bx, if the "Apply" buttn is nt grayed ut Small Step 312: Click n the "OK" buttn f the "File Explrer Optins" bx and the "File Explrer Optins" bx will disappear. 55

BIG STEP 300: RUN "SYSTEM RESTORE TO BACK UP THE WINDOWS "REGISTRY (cntinued) Small Step 313: Click n the "X" buttn in the upper-right crner f the "Cntrl Panel" windw t clse the "Cntrl Panel" windw. 56

BIG STEP 400: RUN "DISK CLEANUP" ON THE "SYSTEM FILES" Small Step 401: Start "File Explrer" (usually by right-clicking n the flder icn n the Taskbar) Small Step 402: Lcate the C: drive inside "File Explrer". It is usually inside "This PC". Small Step 403: Right-click n the C: drive 58

BIG STEP 400: RUN "DISK CLEANUP" ON THE "SYSTEM FILES" (cntinued) Small Step 404: A pp-up cntext menu will be displayed Small Step 405: Click n "Prperties" in the pp-up cntext menu Small Step 406: A "..Prperties" bx will be displayed Small Step 407: Click n the "Disk Cleanup" buttn 59

BIG STEP 400: RUN "DISK CLEANUP" ON THE "SYSTEM FILES" (cntinued) Small Step 408: A "Disk Cleanup fr.." bx will be displayed Small Step 409: Click n the "Clean up system files" buttn Small Step 410: "Disk Cleanup" will run by itself fr a while Small Step 411: Place a check mark next t any items that yu wish t remve 60

BIG STEP 400: RUN "DISK CLEANUP" ON THE "SYSTEM FILES" (cntinued) Small Step 412: Click n the "OK" buttn f the "Disk Cleanup fr.." bx Small Step 413: Click n the "Delete Files" buttn f the "Are yu sure.." warning bx Small Step 414: "Disk Cleanup" will run by itself fr a while 61

BIG STEP 400: RUN "DISK CLEANUP" ON THE "SYSTEM FILES" (cntinued) Small Step 415: Click n the "OK" buttn f the "..Prperties" bx t clse the "..Prperties" bx 62

BIG STEP 500: RUN "DISK CLEANUP" ON THE NON-SYSTEM FILES Small Step 501: Start "File Explrer" (usually by right-clicking n the flder icn n the Taskbar) Small Step 502: Lcate the C: drive inside "File Explrer". It is usually inside "This PC". Small Step 503: Right-click n the C: drive 64

BIG STEP 500: RUN "DISK CLEANUP" ON THE NON-SYSTEM FILES (cntinued) Small Step 504: A pp-up cntext menu will be displayed Small Step 505: Click n "Prperties" in the pp-up cntext menu Small Step 506: A "..Prperties" bx will be displayed Small Step 507: Click n the "Disk Cleanup" buttn 65

BIG STEP 500: RUN "DISK CLEANUP" ON THE NON-SYSTEM FILES (cntinued) Small Step 508: A "Disk Cleanup fr.." bx will be displayed Small Step 509: Place a check mark next t any items that yu wish t remve 66

BIG STEP 500: RUN "DISK CLEANUP" ON THE "SYSTEM FILES" (cntinued) Small Step 510: Click n the "OK" buttn f the "Disk Cleanup fr.." bx Small Step 511: Click n the "Delete Files" buttn f the "Are yu sure.." warning bx Small Step 512: "Disk Cleanup" will run by itself fr a while 67

BIG STEP 500: RUN "DISK CLEANUP" ON THE "SYSTEM FILES" (cntinued) Small Step 513: Click n the "OK" buttn f the "..Prperties" bx t clse the "..Prperties" bx 68

BIG STEP 600: ATTACH A MECHANICAL HARD DRIVE TO YOUR COMPUTER If yu prcure an internal hard drive t install int a deskp cmputer: Cnnect a SATA data cable between a SATA prt n yur mtherbard and the SATA data prt n the internal hard drive. Then cnnect an existing spare SATA pwer cable that is part f yur cmputer's pwer supply t the SATA pwer prt n the internal hard drive 70

BIG STEP 600: ATTACH A MECHANICAL HARD DRIVE TO YOUR COMPUTER (cntinued) Yu can purchase r build an external hard drive t cnnect t yur cmputer, if yur cmputer has an available USB 3.x prt, an available SATA prt, an available esata prt r an available Thunderblt prt 71

BIG STEP 600: ATTACH A MECHANICAL HARD DRIVE TO YOUR COMPUTER (cntinued) If yu build an external USB 3.x hard drive t cnnect t yur cmputer, yu will usually save mney ver buying ne that is already built and yu will end up with ne that lasts lnger than ne that is already built. See http://aztcs.rg/meeting_ntes/winhard sig/harddrives/external/external-harddrives.pdf 72

BIG STEP 600: ATTACH A MECHANICAL HARD DRIVE TO YOUR COMPUTER (cntinued) Adding an internal hard drive t a laptp cmputer is mre difficult than adding an internal hard drive t a desktp cmputer: Check the wners manual fr yur laptp t see if there is a space fr a secnd hard drive inside yur laptp cmputer. 73

BIG STEP 600: ATTACH A MECHANICAL HARD DRIVE TO YOUR COMPUTER (cntinued) Fr sme laptps, yu can remve the DVD drive and then install a "hard drive caddy tray" adapter that lets yu insert an SSD r a 2.5-in. hard drive int the space where the DVD drive used t reside. 75

BIG STEP 600: ATTACH A MECHANICAL HARD DRIVE TO YOUR COMPUTER (cntinued) The 12.7 millimeter (tall) "hard drive caddy" trays have a "Slim" (="Slimline") SATA pwer & data cnnectr. They fit int the DVD slts f laptps that are manufactured by Lenv, Asus, HP, Dell, and Acer: 76

BIG STEP 600: ATTACH A MECHANICAL HARD DRIVE TO YOUR COMPUTER (cntinued) See https://www.amazn.cm/dp/b00kbo N2BO/ref=psdc_160354011_t2_B01M RI8YFN?th=1 77

BIG STEP 600: ATTACH A MECHANICAL HARD DRIVE TO YOUR COMPUTER (cntinued) The 7 t 9.5 millimeter (tall) "hard drive caddy" trays als have a "Slim" (="Slimline") SATA pwer & data cnnectr. They fit int the DVD slts f laptps that are manufactured by Dell, HP, MacBk, ASUS, Acer, and Benq 78

BIG STEP 600: ATTACH A MECHANICAL HARD DRIVE TO YOUR COMPUTER (cntinued) See https://www.amazn.cm/dp/b010crv KUO/ref=psdc_160354011_t2_B01MR I8YFN?th=1 79

BIG STEP 700: MOVE DATA FILES FROM THE C: DRIVE.. Open tw "file explrer" Windws.. Place them side-by-side s that they d nt verlap each ther Use the right muse buttn t drag data files and flders frm the C: drive t the nn-c: drive resides n the hard drive that yu installed in "Big Step 600" 81

BIG STEP 700: MOVE DATA FILES FROM THE C: DRIVE.. (cntinued) At the end f each drag f files r flders with the left muse buttn, yu have t decide whether yu want t "Cpy" r "Mve" the files: T avid prblems caused by bad sectrs either n the C: drive r the nn- C: drive, select "Cpy". Delete the riginal files r flders frm the C: drive nly when yu have cpied them t at least tw nn-c: drives 82

BIG STEP 700: MOVE DATA FILES FROM THE C: DRIVE.. (cntinued) T make sure that yu are dragging frm the actual lcatin a data file where it is really lcated n yur C: drive, g t C:\Users\<yur user name>\ instead f the "Knwn Flder" in "This PC": 83

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