Concept Car VW I.D. Volkswagen AG 1000BASE-T1 from Standard to Series Production Enabling Next Generation Scalable Architecture Olaf Krieger (Volkswagen), Christopher Mash (Marvell)
Agenda 2 Next generation scalable network architecture The need for 1Gbit/s Ethernet Initial investigation Building the eco-system Qualification Summary
Next Generation Scalable Architecture 3 What do you expect from a smart vehicle? Additional features? Support cross domain functions Increased application diversity for different vehicle configuration and different models Individualization different features and setups on vehicles with the same hardware Personalization available features and setups are linked to an individual driver account Upgradability new functionality can be installed over time
Basic Concept 4 advanced vehicle functionality Switch ICAS1 Multi core µc Switch Switch Multi core ARM Hypervisor Switch ICAS3 Multi core ARM Hypervisor sensors, actuators, base functionality 1000BASE-T1 100BASE-T1 CAN, CAN-FD and Lin Networks are not shown in this picture Centralization of vehicle functionality in a few powerful ECUs called ICAS (In Car Application Server) Connecting sensors and actuators using powerful network technology such as Ethernet and CAN-FD to the central ECU Consolidation of many different functionalities in powerful ECUs using virtualization
Centralization of Functionality 5 New requirements: advanced vehicle functionality Switch Multi core µc Switch ICAS1 Multi core ARM processor Hypervisor Switch Switch ICAS3 Multi core ARM processor Hypervisor High performance microprocessors Powerful OS Linux + Adaptive AUTOSAR High speed networking sensors, actuators, base functionality Benefits: Complexity of centralized implementation is lower compared to distributed functionalities No functional dependencies between sensor/actuator ECUs CAN, CAN-FD and Lin Networks are not shown in this picture Separation of sensor/actuator and advanced vehicle functionalities increases flexibility for adding new features (feature update)
Security and Virtualization 6 Multi core ARM processor Multi core ARM processor Multi core µc Hypervisor Hypervisor Routing acceleration Routing acceleration Switch Routing acceleration Packet Filter Firewall Packet Filter Firewall Packet Filter Firewall Network with different security zones realized by VLANs Secure routing to communicate between security domains using Packet filter Exposed Network e.g. LTE, WiFi, OBD Internal Network secured for non critical vehicle applications Internal Network highly secured e.g. for safety relevant application
Impact on Network Bandwidth 7 ~350Mbit/s burst speed On some links there is a bandwidth >> 100Mbit/s needed ICAS1 µp ICAS3 µp Solution: Investigate 1000BASE-T1 for these links ~800Mbit/s ~50Mbit/s ~50Mbit/s Front Camera Radar Sound WiFi ~20Mbit/s ~200Mbit/s ~50Mbit/s SurroundVie w/ Parking LTE ~150Mbit/s The new E/E architecture is an enabler for a large number of new functionalities Most of the new functions are implemented in the ICAS ECUs Features like WiFi and LTE connectivity increases the bandwidth as well as Ethernet-based camera systems and other ADAS Sensors
Qualifying 1000BASE-T1 for use at VW 8 Necessary steps: Discussion with IC vendor who already had experience with 1000BASE-T1 Validating vendor component level test results Performing VW technology system level tests Decide to use 1000BASE-T1 as the technology meets the requirements Update all necessary test systems including in car logging to 1000BASE-T1
1000BASE-T1 Compliance Testing 9 IEEE 802.3bp compliance testing available from UNH 1000BASE-T1 PMA suite available and validated Technology validated using customer development board PCS & PHY Control test suite requires additional development In process now
1000BASE-T1 Robustness Testing 10 Internal validation of link-up performed across range of factors IOP21 Results IOP22 Results 70000 120000 Frequency 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 10 13 16 19 22 More IOP_21_HR_M_S IOP_21_HR_S_M IOP_21_SR_M_S IOP_21_SR_S_M Frequency 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 IOP_22_HR_M_S IOP_22_HR_S_M IOP_22_SR_M_S IOP_22_SR_S_M Link Up Time (ms) Link Up Time (ms) IEEE 802.3bp interoperability testing available from C&S Test suite available and devices currently going through testing
1000BASE-T1 Eco System 11 Eco-system is well established with 3 rd party s products available Oscilloscope vendors completed integration of 1000BASE-T1 compliance testing
Tools 12 1000BASE-T1 media converters available Intrepid Control Systems Technica Engineering X2E 1000BASE-T1 SFP modules available Technica Engineering
Tools 13 1000BASE-T1 options available for protocol analyzers Keysight / IXIA Spirent SmartBits Other 3 rd party products available covering taps/spy s, analyzers, simulators, data loggers, switches, etc for protocol analysis Telemotive, Vector and others More coming soon!
Vehicle Level EMC Testing 14 EMC tests were performed with engineering samples in 2017 and final silicon in 2018 In vehicle tests followed device level and system level testing Early vehicle tests were performed with test ECUs (without functionality) in a similar vehicle with final harness components
Testing / Qualification Results 15 During the development numerous tests were performed by the semiconductor vendor and VW Conformance tests Robustness tests EMC tests System level EMC tests Wide eco-system of tools and test equipment are available to support development of ECUs with 1000BASE-T1 1000BASE-T1 has been proven to be a robust technology that fulfills VW s automotive requirements
Summary 16 The new scalable E/E architecture enables new applications, additional functionality and adaptability New architecture requires > 100Mbit/s Ethernet 1000BASE-T1 has been tested / validated 1000BASE-T1 has been proven to be a robust technology that fulfills VW s automotive requirements Solves bandwidth bottlenecks in current and next generation architectures
Thank you very much for your attention Concept Car VW I.D. Volkswagen AG