DTN Systems Dr. Artemios G. Voyiatzis Associate Researcher, ISI/RC Athena SPICE Visiting Researcher (5/2012)
Brief intro Athena Research Center in ICT and Knowledge Technologies Industrial Systems Institute Institute for Language and Speech Processing Institute of Information Systems Hellenic Technology Clusters Initiative ( Corallia ) Space Programmes Unit Information Modelling and Analysis Unit Industrial Systems Institute (Patras, 1998) Department of Security and Protection of Systems, Networks, and Infrastructures (2011) Emphasis on systems research 2
Outline Applications of DTN Remote areas Low-cost sea communications Smart networking DTN R&D at ISI/RC Athena Project DISCOS Project DAPHNE Project DYNACARGO Ready for prime time? 3
Beyond space applications of DTN Common ground with opportunistic wireless networks Stochastic nature of disconnections vs. scheduled connectivity Major categories Remote areas lacking network infrastructure DakNet, KioskNet, SNC, N4C, ExtremeComm ZebraNet, (frozen) lake monitoring, LUSTER (forests), mines Agriculture applications (sensors, UAV, tractors, etc.) Health posts, tele-consultation, sentinel surveillance Low-cost alternative to sat-based communications in sea Port communications (Hong Kong) Underwater (acoustic), mixed Tactical operations (comb. satellites) 4
Smart networking Urban environment: Environment Monitoring in Metro Areas (air pollution) City traffic and planning (CarTel) Cave monitoring (Slovenia) Testbeds DieselNet, BikeNet, Air carries, TrainNet Information and Content Sharing on the go Drive-thru Internet, media sharing, social media Smart caching, Land Mobile Satellites, User-provided networks NetSticher Health monitoring DAPHNE, Marathon runners, non-hospitalized subjects 5
Infrastructure-less networks Emergency relief networks Beyond IP convergence layers DTN and Wireless Sensor Networks Trade mobility for low-power: BEMS, Bundle Elevator Vehicular Area Networks (Mostly) research on routing Human networks Social connectivity 6
DISCOS Distributed Information Storage and Communication in Outer Space Security for delay-tolerant networking Contract by ESA (HAI, DUTH, ISI), aim TRL3 and TRL5 Main ISI contributions: Security gap analysis (DTN2! DISCOS) Attack surface minimization Reduce 8x executable size, Now comparable with space-oriented ION (2.6 vs. 1.6 MB) Bundle Security Protocol for DTN2 True per-link keys (before: global keys for whole network) Defend against impersonation attacks Support per-host keys for cryptography (before: cleartext) Storage quota mechanism Bundle flooding protection mechanism 7
DISCOS Testing and verification In ISI (software) and HAI (real devices) DTN2/ION/DISCOS PCs DTN Relay 1 U DISCOS Router Wireshark monitoring node 802.11b/g/n radio Fit PC slim DISCOS/ION ION/DISCOS router ION/DISCOS router 8
DAPHNE Disruption-tolerant Application Proxy for e-health Network Environments Joint work with FORTH/ICS Smart transport of health-related data Current network state and future connectivity opportunities In-transit persistent storage Liberate e-health applications from handling network disruptions Time-critical vs. non time-critical transmissions defers the transmission of media-rich sensory data Save cost and resources for the network (available bandwidth and/or required energy, etc.) 9
DAPHNE 10
DYNACARGO Dynamic Cargo Routing on the Go Joint work with industry and Municipality of Nafpaktia Application scenario: waste collection optimization Information collection from the field (waste bin fill level) Dynamic adaptation of routes based on fill level While garbage truck already on the go Collection by passing vehicles and citizen participation R&D challenges Fill level sensor (optical, image processing, ultrasonic, ) Short-range communication node (Active RFID, WSN, ) Device security, cost, energy, Citizen participation (motivation and applications) Data fusion (FMS, bin information, historical, citizens) Dynamic route optimization (not offline) 11
DYNACARGO 12
DYNACARGO 13
DYNACARGO Role of DTN Low-cost sensing and transmission from waste bins Harsh environment, battery life, remote areas, theft Disconnected areas and paths Both urban and rural/remote areas, no radio coverage Mobile sink based on DTN for black spots No need for expensive equipment on bin (theft) Application integration with RFID and WSN (?) System components for vehicular environment Stack implementation integration Type of DTN (application, proxy, tunnel, ) Real-world testing of implementations (multiple endpoints) 14
Ready for prime time? Available building blocks Stack implementations DTN2, ION, IBR-DTN, JDTN, Convergence layers TCP, IP, Ethernet, AX.25, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15.4, Network performance analysis DTN_Perf2, DTN_Perf3, Wireshark, DTNtg, System performance throughput, latency, storage, energy Security BSP and SBSP Simulation and emulation NS2, NS3, OMNET++, DTNSim, ONE VDTN, DOME, UTMESH, SPICE " 15
Lessons learned DTN paradox: Proven ability to cope with delays and disconnections Good performance in normal network conditions Low technology adoption Possible explanations: Resistance to change (a new API?) Handle network issues at application layer Designed and deployed systems handle one application True value: Bundle of (mobile) applications 16
Thank you " Feel free to ask any questions! Dr. Artemios G. Voyiatzis Associate Researcher