M2M for Smart Cities. Gerd Ascheid

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Phoebe Roberts
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1 M2M for Smart Cities Gerd Ascheid

2 Agenda What is a Smart City? Cellular System based M2M Connectivity, Intelligence and Security 2

3 Market Place of the European Innovation Partnership on Smart Cities and Communities 3 Source:

4 What Elements Make a City Smart? Smart Governance Smart Economy Smart Mobility Example of proposed criteria groups Smart Environment Smart Living 4

5 Important Topics for Building a Smart City Infrastructure Intelligent Networks Services Security 5

6 Example Wireless sensor networks for smart cities The aim is to create a distributed network of intelligent sensor nodes which can measure many parameters for a more efficient management of the city. For example, Monitoring of the pollution concentration in each street. Water leaks can be easily detected Noise maps can be obtained Vehicle traffic can be monitored in order to modify the city lights in a dynamic way Traffic can be reduced with systems that detect where the nearest available parking slot is 6

7 Issue for Conversion to a Smart City Total Debts of German Cities* in M * Cities with > 100,000 inhabitants (73) 7 Source: Verschuldung der deutschen Großstädte 2010 bis 2012 Update zur Ernest&Young Kommunenstudie

Issue for Conversion to a Smart City Development of Debts of German Cities* in per Inhabitant * Cities with > 100,000 inhabitants (73) Cities with low debts level ( 1,000 per inhabitant) Cities with

8 Issue for Conversion to a Smart City Development of Debts of German Cities* in per Inhabitant * Cities with > 100,000 inhabitants (73) Cities with low debts level ( 1,000 per inhabitant) Cities with medium debts level (1,000 to 2000 per inhabitant) Cities with high debts level ( 1,000 per inhabitant) Source: Verschuldung der deutschen Großstädte 2010 bis 2012 Update zur Ernest&Young Kommunenstudie 8

9 Agenda What is a Smart City? Cellular System based M2M Connectivity, Intelligence and Security 9

10 M2M Communication Devices must be connected Sensing environmental data, e.g. temperature, pollution Collecting traffic statistics, e.g. # of cars, pedestrians, speed Collecting traffic information, e.g. tracking individual objects Controlling infrastructure, e.g. light Controlling traffic, e.g. traffic lights, direction signs Informing traffic, e.g. warning individual cars Wide range of communication requirements Battery operated devices vs. supply network powered devices Low data rate vs. high data rate Low latency vs. latency-tolerant Reliable communication High availability, coverage 10

11 M2M Communication Communication must match needs Choosing the right communication system Application aware communication Approach 1 Researching and developing suitable communication systems Approach 2 Adoption of existing (standardized) communication systems Does approach 2 require research or is it, rather, consulting? 11

available Cellular communication: 2G, 3G, 4G

typically very cost-effective Systems may

implementing additional functionality in

12 M2M Communication: Adoption of Existing Standards Many standardized systems are available Cellular communication: 2G, 3G, 4G WLAN Bluetooth, Zigbee, Systems are typically very cost-effective Systems may not fully meet the needs Modification by implementing additional functionality in outer system Outer Layer Exten sion Standardized Comm System Exten sion 12

13 Antenna Arrays: Beamforming Interference Mitigation with Cooperative Beamforming Inter-Cell Interference Mitigation Beamforming to improve secrecy 13

Very Large Arrays: Massive MIMO System Multi-cell MU-Massive-MIMO system: A very large number of antennas (MM) equipped at BS. All users share the same time-frequency resource.

14 Very Large Arrays: Massive MIMO System Multi-cell MU-Massive-MIMO system: A very large number of antennas (MM) equipped at BS. All users share the same time-frequency resource. Benefit of massive antennas at BS: Complexity only at BS side + low complexity matrix inversion Potential to improve rate and reliability dramatically Potential to scale down transmit power pp drastically Limitation of massive antennas at BS: Inter-cell interference on pilots φφ, i.e. pilot contamination. φφ φφ φφ Cell-1 Cell-l Cell-L A pilot sequence φφ is reused among neighboring cells 14

15 M2M Communication: Adoption of Existing Standards Systems may not fully meet the needs Double purpose of outer extensions Enhance performance to meet requirements (e.g. reliability) Use communication channel efficiently (e.g. channel aware communication) Preprocessing (information extraction) based on channel state Grouping of data to reduce transmit overhead Outer Layer Exten sion Standardized Comm. System Exten sion 15

16 M2M Communication: Adoption of Existing Standards Outdoor M2M communication using cellular systems Typical Advantages City wide coverage Internet access Mobility (almost world wide roaming) Typical Issues Devices and communication cost Power consumption 16

17 Agenda What is a Smart City? Cellular System based M2M Connectivity, Intelligence and Security 17

90 s Significant processing power has become affordable!

18 About Cellular Communication Devices Today s smart phones have the compute power of a supercomputer of the 90 s Significant processing power has become affordable! and this is an example of a complete cellular M2M module 18

19 Platforms An example platform and how it works Communication Subsystem M2M Cell Module WLAN Module Security Layer Processing Subsystem ASIP/DSP HW Accelerator Sensor Control 19

20 Platforms and a use case Measurement and Sensing - Traffic data - Environmental data - 20

21 Platforms Introduction problem Solutions have to be found which do not require massive upfront investments Multiple return on investments Infrastructure must scale For example: energy saving funds infrastructure for smart city Interdisciplinary research considering new business models ( Digital Economy ) 21

22 Connectivity City wide coverage 5G research and discussions Improved coverage by small cells 60 GHz cells for very high data rates Today (and in the near future) High data rate coverage not guaranteed Significant variations in provided data rates Connectivity problems during peak traffic 22

23 Connectivity Managing connectivity Multidimensional optimization problem: Reliability, availability, latency, optimized traffic flow Local processing vs. transmission Distributed local processing 2G/3G/4G 23

24 Intelligence Intelligence Local Extracting information locally vs. Collaborative information extraction Local or locally distributed data fusion Remote Preprocessed information sent to cloud Cloud based information extraction and data fusion Data mining Smart City: Infrastructure as Cyber Physical System 24

25 Intelligence Example Extraction of traffic information from video requires camera Privacy preserving alternatives, e.g. ultrasound or sound-based 25

26 Intelligence Example Extraction of traffic information from video requires camera Privacy preserving alternatives, e.g. ultrasound or sound-based Extracting useful information Classification of events Car Car Bus 26

27 Smart Sensing, Detection, and Others In the works Traffic flows Bluetooth based tracking of cars and persons (DLR) Pollution Chemicals Research opportunities Safety: e.g. detecting crimes (from sound and others) Accident avoidance (including pedestrians) 27

28 Security Security considerations must be integral part of system concept learning from military systems Certification and standards are unsolved issues 28

29 29 Thank you for your attention!

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