Enabling Technologies for Wireless E-Business

Enabling Technologies for Wireless E-Business

Weidong Kou Yelena Yesha (Eds.) Enabling Technologies for Wireless E-Business With 141 Figures and 15 Tables ABC

Editors Weidong Kou Chinese State Key Laboratory of ISN 2 South Taibai Road Xi an, Shaanxi, 710071 Peoples Republic of China kou_weidong@yahoo.com.cn Yelena Yesha Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA yeyesha@umbc.edu ACM Classification: C.2, C.3, H.4, J.1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2005937332 ISBN-10 ISBN-13 3-540-30449-5 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York 978-3-540-30449-4 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer, Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.com c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006 Printed in The Netherlands The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. inthis publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: SPI Publisher Services using Springer Word makropackage Cover design: KünkelLopka, Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper SPIN: 10959497 45/ 3100/ SPI 5 4 3 2 1 0

Foreword The key message that we have for readers is that wireless is blooming. The following statistics can show readers that this is definitely true: According to Strategy Analytics and UK-based Portio Research, at the end of 2005 there were over 2.1 billion mobile subscribers in the world. By the end of 2006 the mobile subscribers will reach to the level of 2.5 billions, and this figure is expected to increase to close to 4 billion by 2012. The worldwide mobile phone penetration is predicted to easily pass the 50% mark by the end of 2009. The Ministry of Information Industry of China reported that at the end of 2005, the number of mobile subscribers in the country was close to 400 millions. It is predicted that by the end of 2006, the number of mobile subscribers in China can reach 440 millions. In addition, the number of short messages sent in China in 2005 was over 300 billions, and the associated revenue was close to $4 billion US dollars. According to LaNetro Zed based in Madrid of Spain, at the end of 2005, West Europe has over 270 millions of wireless subscribers. Germany is the largest market for mobile phones in Europe, with 74.1 million users, and it has a penetration rate of 90%; Italy is the second largest market in Europe, with over 65.3 million mobile subscribers and a penetration rate of 114%, the highest in the world; the United Kingdom has 64 million subscribers and a mobile phone penetration rate of 106%; the penetration rate in Finland stands at 100% with nearly 5.2 million subscribers. In 2005 total number of mobile service subscribers in Russia has grown by 70 percent and reached 125.8 million, according to a recent report in 2006 from AC&M consulting bureau. According to Mobile Marketing Association, in the United States the number of wireless subscribers was over 200 millions. The data on the Mobilephonediscuss.com Forums shows that 66% of US households own cell phones. In Canada, with the number of subscribers to wireless products and service totaling close to 13.9 million by mid-2004, almost 43% of Canadians now have access to a wireless device. By the end of 2005, it was estimated that this number is probably over 50%. Global wireless service revenue is expected to rise 11% to $623.9 billion. The global wireless service industry is expected to generate $800 billion in revenue in 2010, with emerging markets accounting for about 42% of the total.

VI Foreword Worldwide shipments of mobile phones reached a record 242 million units in Q4 2005, surpassing the previous peak of 200 million units in Q4 2004, according to isuppli. For all of 2005, 813 million units were shipped, up 14% from 713 million in 2004. The list of statistics can go on and on. The rapid growth in the number of wireless subscribers along with the emergence of new wireless technologies such as 3G and Wi-Fi, allowing for higher transmission rates will lead to an explosion of new e-business applications and services generally referred to as wireless e-business. Wireless e-business allows people to conduct business wirelessly without physical connectivity. A variety of different devices can be used for wireless e-business, including mobile phones, pagers, palm-powered personal computers (PCs), pocket PCs, laptop computers, and other mobile devices or devices connected to the wireless networks. Because wireless e-business holds the promise to reshape the way businesses conducted, and because it has a huge customer base, the advantages of wireless e-business are endless. The key is that people can break free from spatial and temporal constraints and communicate and transact in business anytime and anywhere. However, there are a number of great challenges, including problems of sustaining connectivity, limited resources such as limited bandwidth and limited frequency spectrum, as well as the issues of security and privacy in a wireless environment. To address these problems and issues, huge efforts have been made to develop a variety of enabling technologies, including new wireless communication technologies, wireless security, wireless application protocols, mobile payment protocols, mobile data management, mobile agents, mobile payment, mobile computing, mobile services, and RFID technologies. Drs. Weidong Kou and Yelena Yesha have edited this book, with assistance from the chapter contributors to cover these technologies. I believe this is an excellent book for business managers, e-business developers, academic researchers, university students, professors, and professional consultants to acquire comprehensive knowledge on enabling technologies for the blooming wireless e-business. I highly recommend this book! Robert Mayberry Vice President, Sensors and Actuators IBM Software Group

Table of Contents 1 Introduction to Enabling Technologies for Wireless E-Business W. Kou and Y. Yesha... 1 1.1 Introduction... 1 1.2 About This Book... 3 References... 5 2 Fundamentals of Wireless Communications D. Shen and V.O.K. Li... 7 2.1 Introduction... 7 2.2 Global System for Mobile Communication... 7 2.3 General Packet Radio Service... 15 2.4 Code Division Multiple Access Systems... 22 2.5 Summary... 41 References... 41 3 Wireless Security W.-B. Lee... 44 3.1 Introduction... 44 3.2 Mobile Certificate... 46 3.3 Elliptic Curve Cryptography for Mobile Computing... 51 3.4 Server Assisted Mobile Security Infrastructure... 62 3.5 Summary... 72 References... 73 4 Wireless Application Protocol W. Kou... 76 4.1 Introduction... 76 4.2 Wireless Application Protocol... 76 4.3 Wireless Application Security... 85 4.4 Summary... 86 4.5 Appendix... 86 References... 87

VIII Table of Contents 5 RFID Technologies and Applications D. Kou, K. Zhao, Y. Tao and W. Kou... 89 5.1 Introduction... 89 5.2 Components... 92 5.3 Middleware Technology... 99 5.4 Standards... 102 5.5 Summary... 107 References... 108 6 Software Infrastructure for Context-Aware Mobile Computing C.L. Wang, X.L. Zhang, N. Belaramani, P.L. Siu, Y. Chow, and F.C.M. Lau... 109 6.1 Introduction... 109 6.2 Context-aware Mobile Computing Infrastructure... 111 6.3 A Case Study The Sparkle Project... 115 6.4 Summary... 128 References... 129 7 Data Management for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks F. Perich, A. Joshi, and R. Chirkova... 132 7.1 Introduction... 132 7.2 Origins of Mobile Peer-to-Peer Computing Model... 133 7.3 Challenges... 135 7.4 Peer-to-Peer Data Management Model... 156 7.5 Future Work... 169 7.6 Summary... 170 References... 171 8 Mobile Agents: The State of the Art B. Yang and J. Liu... 177 8.1 Introduction... 177 8.2 System Facilities... 178 8.3 Migration and Planning... 180 8.4 Communication and Interoperability... 184 8.5 Security... 190 8.6 Summary... 194 References... 197

Table of Contents IX 9 Multiagent Communication for e-business using Tuple Spaces H.F. Li, T. Radhakrishnan, and Y. Zhang... 199 9.1 Introduction... 199 9.2 Computation and Tuple Spaces... 200 9.3 Examples of Agent Coordination in e-commerce... 204 9.4 A Tuple Space Based Framework for Agent Communication... 207 9.5 A Case Study in e-commerce Using Tuple Spaces... 217 9.6 Summary... 230 References... 231 10 Mobile Payment Y. Liu, X. Cao, and L. Dang... 233 10.1 Introduction... 233 10.2 Characteristics... 233 10.3 Agents... 236 10.4 Security for Mobile Payment... 244 10.5 Summary... 251 References... 252 11 Mobile Content Delivery Technologies Y. Yang, and R. Yan... 253 11.1 Introduction... 253 11.2 Short Message Service... 253 11.3 Multimedia Messaging Service... 262 11.4 Transcoding Techniques... 275 11.5 Summary... 292 References... 292 12 Mobile Services Computing L. Zhang, B. Li, and Y. Song... 299 12.1 Web Services Overview... 299 12.2 Extending Web Services to Mobile Services... 299 12.3 General Architecture of Mobile Services... 303 12.4 Two General Approaches to Develop Web/Mobile Services... 306 12.5 Case Study WAS (Wireless Alarm System)... 306 12.6 Summary... 309 References... 310

X Table of Contents 13 Location-Aware Services and its Infrastructure Support Y. Chen, and D. Liu... 312 13.1 Introduction... 312 13.2 Location Operating Reference Model and Infrastructure... 313 13.3 Location Server... 317 13.4 Moving Object Databases... 322 13.5 Spatial Publish/Subscribe Engine... 326 13.6 Related Works... 330 13.7 Summary... 332 References... 332 14 Mobile Commerce and Wireless E-Business Applications S. Song... 335 14.1 Introduction..... 335 14.2 Mobile Commerce... 336 14.3 Wireless e-business Applications... 344 14.4 Case Study... 354 14.5 Summary... 359 References... 359 Glossary... 361 About the Editors... 371 Contributors... 373 Index... 379