Advanced Searching & Reference Management Pawin Numthavaj M.D. Section for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University Bangkok, Thailand www.ceb-rama.org
Systematic Review Process 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Formulate Review Question Locate/identify Study Define Inclusion & Exclusion Criteria Select Studies Risk of Bias Assessment (Quality Assessment) Extract Data Analyze and Present Results Interpret Results
Study Identification Process Select Database(s) to Use Develop Search Strategy Modify Search Strategy Searching Explore Results from Searching Export into Reference Manager
Database Journal Articles Databases MEDLINE EMBASE SCOPUS Cochrane databases DARE (Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects) Web of Science CINAHL PsycINFO Etc. Grey Literature Organization reports Governmental reports Conference Proceedings Dissertation & Theses Web
Multiple Databases MEDLINE CINAHL EMBASE
P AND I AND C AND O Bell Palsy Idiopathic Facial Palsy Antiviral Steroid Steroid Recovery Rate House-Brackmann Scale Sunnybrook Scale Acyclovir Valacyclovir Prednisolone Methylprednisolone Prednisolone Methylprednisolone
Group Your Question into Terms Terms #1 Subject Headings Text words Terms #2 Subject Headings Text words Terms #3 Subject Headings Text words Antiviral Antiviral agents Antivirus, Antiviral drug, Steroid Steroids Steroid, Prednisolone, Bell Palsy Bell Palsy Bell Palsy, Idiopathic facial paralysis,
Combination of Search Terms Use AND between domains (P/I/C/O) Use OR inside domains for similar terms or terms that have several synonyms
Query Example P I Query Number Search Query Number of Results 1 Facial nerve.mp. or exp Facial Nerve/ 13645 2 Paralysis.mp. or exp Paralysis/ 73267 3 1 and 2 4306 4 Facial Nerve Paraly$.mp. 727 5 exp Facial Paralysis/ 8942 6 Fac$ Paralys$.mp. 9465 7 Idiopath$.mp. 64950 8 (3 or 4 or 5 or 6) and 7 430 9 Palsy.mp. or exp Palsy/ 475 10 $ Pals$.mp. 1619 11 8 or 9 or 10 1828 12 Antiviral Agents.mp. or exp Antiviral Agents/ 216400 13 Antivir$.mp. 59495 14 Ac?clovir.mp. or exp Acyclovir/ 11784 15 Valac?clovir.mp. 758 16 11 and (12 or 13 or 14 or 15) 149 17 limit 16 to randomized controlled trial 9
Subject Headings Database MEDLINE EMBASE CINAHL Cochrane Library PsycINFO SCOPUS Web of Science Subject Headings MeSH EMTREE CINAHL Headings MESH Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms N/A N/A
Search Engine and Database Search Engine PubMed Ovid Scopus Database(s) MEDLINE MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS
Advanced PubMed Searching
PubMed Free search engine Comprises of MEDLINE database Maintain by US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health First released in 1996 Accessed from http://www.pubmed.gov
MEDLINE 1946 to present material 5,600 journals in 39 languages 2,000-4,000 references added each day Biomedicine and health
Frequently Used Functions in PubMed 1. MESH 2. Search Operators 3. Limits 4. Clipboard 5. Save searches 6. Advanced search 7. Citation matcher 8. Clinical Queries 9. Retrieval of full text paper
MESH Medical Subject Heading Tag of subject in database
Search Operators Truncated search term (wildcards) flavor* = flavoring + flavored + flavors synerchi* = synerchiae + synerchia Combining search terms AND OR NOT ( )
Limits Filter unwanted results Age: infants, adults, Article types: original studies, RCTs, Metaanalysis, Article language Human/animal Recently published
Clipboard Stored items for later review Max 500 items 8 hours before deleted Send to collection instead if you want to permanently stored (Need My NCBI account)
Saved search Save for later updates Useful when you re doing systematic review Can also automatically e-mail updates
Advanced Search Search in command linebased Useful for complex searches Use # for referring to previous searches Operators: AND, OR, NOT, and ()
Download History CSV File Open in Spreadsheet programs (Excel) For use in report of search strategy supplementary table
Export to EndNote
Export to EndNote Send To command File Choose MEDLINE In EndNote choose PubMed (NLM) Citation manager.nbib EndNote Limit 200 article maximum
Citation Matcher Locate an article when you know the author name / title / journal name / volume / pages http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/citmatch or visit pubmed.gov and look for Single Citation Matcher
Advanced Scopus Searching
SCOPUS Elsevier Company 4,600 health science titles 100% MEDLINE coverage 100% EMBASE coverage Additional titles including both English and non-english Scopus umbretta
Advanced Scopus Searching Exact phase/loose phase searching Field codes Wildcards Boolean Operators Proximity Operators Search History Combining Multiple Searches
Exact phase searching Use phase in braces { } {oral thrush} Loose/approximate phase searching Use phase in quotation marks heart attack Ignore punctuation (same as heart-attack ) Plurals included (also find articles with heart attacks ) Can use wildcards
Field codes Search only in specific field(s) Can be upper/lower case fieldcode(search term) Ex: TITLE-ABS-KEY( prion disease ) Search only in title, abstract, and keywords
Field Codes Codes ABS AUTH KEY LANGUAGE PAGEFIRST PUBYEAR TITLE TITLE-ABS-KEY TITLE-ABS-KEY-AUTH Meaning Abstract Author Keywords of article Language of article First page Publication year Title Title + Abstract + Keyword Title + Abstract + Keyword + Author
Wildcards? : single character in a word Paralys?s : Paralysis, Paralyses * : 0 or more characters H*matology: Hematology, Haematology, Hmatology
AND OR AND NOT Boolean Operators
Proximity Operator PRE/n precedes by number of terms W/n within number of terms pain W/15 morphine pain and morphine within 15 words behavioral PRE/3 disturbances behavioral within 3 terms preceding disturbances
n = 0 255 Same phrase: 3, 4, 5 Same sentence: 15 Same paragraph: 50 Adjacent: 0 Can combine with wildcards ship* PRE/0 channel
Search History
Combine multiple searches Use Boolean operators (#1 AND #2) AND NOT #3
Saved search, Email