Layout Basics For Non-Designers xrocket Script, 36pt Eeronauts, 400pt
CONTENTS Tools Making a Mockup Printer Spreads Quark Tricks Using Images Using Fonts Collecting For Output 3 4 7 10 13 17 18 4.When it warns you about font copying, click OK Design Notes: 5. After if finishes collecting everything for output, save your file again. You are now free to copy the whole output folder to a Zip disk or CD to take to the service bureau or copyshop. Page Headings - Futura Condensed 48pt Body Copy - Gill Sans 18pt Illustrarion Markings - Futura, Futura Condensed 9, 10, 12, 14pt It s important to also bring a print out to show P. 15 Runaround Example - Gill Sans12pt P. 2 Contents - Futura Condensed 24pt the printers what your final layout will look like. P2. Design Notes - Futura Condensed 10pt 2 Cover - Rocket Script 36pt 19
San-serif fonts tend to have a more modern or streamlined look. They can be more difficult to read at lower point sizes, however. Most of this booklet is laid out using the san-serif fonts Gill Sans and Futura. Collecting For Output When you have finished your layout project you will either print it at your desk or take it to a service beaurau for professional printing. When taking work to a service bureau or copyshop the most important thing to keep in mind is that all of the elements used in layout must be together. This includes all image files, fonts (including dingbats) and text files. Tools If you are going to be doing layout of any sort, it s important to have several tools on hand to assist you. Having these around will make your life MUCH easier in the long run. ESSENTIAL: 18 Graphic Ruler Calculator Pencils Good Eraser (art gum) Scissors Sharpie An Editor + Proofreader RECOMMENDED: Saddle Stapler (long arm) X-Acto Knife Paper Cutter Good Set of Markers Glue Stick Scotch Tape The easiest way to gather them is to use Quark XPress Collect For Output feature, found under the File menu. 1. From the File menu click and select Collect for Output. 2. Create a new folder and name it something other than the name of your project. 3. Make sure that all of the boxes are checked so that you get the fonts, images, color profiles, 18 etc. 3
Making a Mock-up Before you get started, you are probably thinking about all sorts of things related to your project: Who your client is, who their (or your) intended audience is, what type of piece you are going to produce, etc. Using Fonts In most instances the words you use are the most important tool for communicating your message to your intended audience. The way that the characters and words appear can be just as important as the content that you are trying to convey. After you decide what type of piece, grab some paper from the recycling bin and make a physical mock up of what you want to end up with. This is not so important for posters or post cards, but if you are making a brochure, multi-page document (like this one), or a package of some sort it s very handy to have a model around when you get into the nitty-gritty of the layout itself. Having a mock-up is also helpful for figuring out how to orient text and graphic boxes, do page spreads and numbering, and for reference should you get lost in the process. The next few pages will have some examples to follow. In today s visual culture the old rules of typography have less meaning. Serif and san-serif fonts are often mixed on pages to varying degrees of success. The key is to not go overboard. Pick 1 or 2 fonts for headlines and 1 or 2 for body copy for the entire piece and stick with them. A very simple way to know the difference between the two is to remember that serif fonts have legs. For many people it is easier to read large blocks of text if it is published in a serif font. Garamond is a classic example of a serif font. Garamond Serif Serif For an excellent primer on typography check out: http://webmonkey.wired.com/webmonkey/design/fonts/tutorials/tutorial3.html 4 17
Another cheap and easy trick is to use dingbats instead of illustrations or photographs. Dingbats are a designation for font files that are made up mostly or entirely of simple pictures. There are many freely available dingbat fonts that can be used in a variety of ways. Page 5 Page 6 Page 1 Outside Bi-Fold Brochure 8.5x11 (1/4 scale) a b n Pyrobats, 72pt Seeing Stars, 72pt Tropicana BV, 72pt d Retrobats, 72pt b Eeronauts BV, 72pt Monotype Sorts, 72pt n 60s Chic, 72pt Wingdings 72pt Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Inside Tri-Fold Brochure 8.5x14 (1/4 scale) p 16 Retrobats, 200pt 5
Booklet 8.5x11 (1/4 scale) Start with a single page document, 2 column w/.25 gutter (this is an example) Add a second page using the A-Master A tool in the page layout palette. Page 16 (Back Cover) Page 1 (Front Cover) You should see a representation of 4 pages. Your top right page is 1, the top left is 4, bottom left is 2, bottom right is 3. Following this: P4 P1 P2 P3 Page 2 Page 15 4. Do the same with the Clipping tool and then click OK. The pipe " " is just to show the gutter. Remember to work in 4 page layouts. So if we were laying out a 16 page You can now run type around the object.you can now run type around the object.you can now run type around the object.you can now run type around the object.you can now run type around the object.you booklet: can now run type around the object.you can now run type around the object.you can now run type around the object.you P16 P1 can now run type around the object.you can now run type P2 P15 around the object.you can now run type around the P14 P3 object.you can now run type around the object.you can now run type around the object.you can now run type around the P4 P13 Page 14 Page 3 object.you can now run type around the object.you can now P12 P5 run type around the object.you can now run type around the P6 P11 object.you can now run type around the object.you can now P10 P7 run type around the object.you can now run type around the P8 P9 object.you can now run type around the object.you can now run type around the object.you can now run type around the object.you can 6 now run type around the object. 15
If you have a photo of an object against a white background, you can use the Runaround feature of Quark XPress to wrap text around it. 1. Get your image: 2. Select the image box and then click on the Item menu and select Runaround. 3. Using the Type menu select non-white areas 14 Printer Spreads Most desktop printers will NOT allow you to print full bleed - to the absolute edges of the paper. Because of this, it s very important to know the maximum imageable area for the printer you are using, and the type of media you intend to print on in order to set up margins correctly. To find out the imageable area from Quark XPress follow these steps: 1. From the File menu click and select Print 2. Click on the Setup button 3. Next to Printer Description select the model printer you will be using See Figure 1 4. Next to Paper Size select the size paper you will be using. See Figure 1 In most instances you will select Letter paper, which is standard 8.5 x 11. Other common sizes in the United States are Legal (8.5 x14 ) and Tabloid (11 x17 ). Most printers will be able to print on Letter and Legal size paper. 7
Figure 1 Using Images Using images does not need to be difficult, but some work is required to get them to look good. The first rule is to make sure that your images are high enough resolution for print output. 300-600dpi is a good range. 5. Now Click on Preview If you are taking from a print source, make sure to scan the images at 300dpi or 600dpi or higher. It is always better to start with larger images and knock information out than to start small and try to put info back in. The left side of the dialog box will tell you the imageable area. In this instance: If you are taking pictures with a digital camera, set your camera for the highest resolution that you can. You may not be able to get as many shots, but the end result will be much better. It is possible to pull pictures off the web, but they will usually be of low quality. If you find one that you just must use, take the time to make it at least 150dpi. If it s a JPEG, you will also have to go in and clean up some of the edges, as JPEGs are a lossy format. 8 13
Common Graphic File Formats A quick guide to common graphic file formats from University of Newcastle on Tyne http://www.ncl.ac.uk/iss/printscan/file_formats.html Bitmap, or raster, graphics basically consist of dots of colour. Some of the formats available are TIFF The Tagged Image File Format was designed for portability but unfortunately many variations exist - you should always make an initial test to ensure that the TIFF format produced by your graphics program is the TIFF format that can be read by any other software you wish to use the image with.the most common TIFF variations are uncompressed and LZW compressed; both support up to 24-bit colour.the compression used is lossless - this means that no information is lost from the picture during the compression process.tiff can be used on Windows, Mac and Unix but not on the Web. JPEG This format is most commonly used for photographs or other complex images because it supports millions of colours in a small file size. However, the small file size is achieved by discarding information from the image during compression (lossy compression) - the greater the compression, the more the image is degraded.you should therefore never use JPEG to save a master copy of an image and you should only ever save a JPEG once, as more information is lost at each save. It is always worth experimenting with a particular image to find the optimum compression/quality. JPEG can be used on Windows, Mac and Unix. GIF The Graphics Interchange Format is used primarily for simple images and is restricted in that it only supports 256 colours, although they can be any 256 colours of the millions available. GIF uses lossless compression to achieve small file sizes and comes in two flavours, 87a and 89a, the latter supporting animation and interlacing on the Web. GIF can be used on Windows, Mac and Unix. PNG As its name suggests, the relatively new Portable Network Graphics format is one designed with the Web in mind, although only newer browsers recognise it. It supports 24-bit colour and provides the best lossless compression available. PNG is a cross-platform format but because it is new you should check whether all the applications that you want to use will support it. 12 6. Next comes the math part. This is where your calculator comes in handy. We take the imageable area and subtract it from the total area, then divide that number by 2 to find both the left and right margins, and top and bottom margins. The formula is: P - A 2 where P=Paper Size and A=Imageable Area So, for left and right margins: 8.5000-8.167 = 0.333 2 =.1665 (that s inches) Top and Bottom use the same formula 11.000-10.667 = 0.333 2 =.1665 (that s inches, too) You should follow those steps for each new printer and paper size you work with. 9
Quark Tricks These are in no specific order, but can help you get cool results. * Use the Modify ( -M) box to change text vertically in a box, change runaround, create frames, etc. * Use your Colors palette to make gradients: 1) Create a text box 2) Click on the background box in the Colors palette 3) using the drop down menu select gradient type * Make black text grey using the % part of the Colors palette: B L A C K 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% * Use Hyphenation Exceptions from the Utilities menu to clean up hyphenation in story G R E Y 50% 40% 30% 20% 10 11